1950년대 가난과 보수주의 시학

정영진(Jeong, Yeong-Jin) 동악어문학회 2015 동악어문학 Vol.64 No.-

1950년대 경제적인 가난은 명백한 사실이다. 하지만 시에서는 별로 가난에 대해 관심이 없었다. 궁핍한 생활에서 비롯한 고독과 비애의 정서를 발견하기는 쉽지만, 가난을 전면적으로 다루는 시들은 아주 적다. 서정주는 말한다. “가난이야 한낱 남루에 지나지 않는다.” 이렇게 말할 수 있는 까닭은 무엇일까. 이 글은 서정주의 시를 당대 한국 현실을 리얼하게 다룬 소설들과 겹쳐 읽으면서, 서정주 시의 미적 이데올로기와 시장경제 원리와의 연관성을 살펴보고자 한다. 이를 통해 1950년대 ‘가난’이 저항 담론의 수행성을 구성할 수 없었던 까닭과 서정주 시의 보수주의 미학의 성격을 가늠해보고자 한다. 1950년대 서정주 시처럼 자본주의 세계의 질서와 원리를 고유한 자기 원리로 번역해 낸 시인은 없어 보인다. 이때의 자본주의 질서와 원리란 이윤추구를 목적으로 하는 체계라기보다는, 인간의 본성에 따라 사익을 추구하고 개인들은 최대의 만족을 얻기 위해 자유롭게 시장에 참여하며, 이때 가격은 수요와 공급에 따라 ‘보이지 않는 손’에 의해 형성된다고 보는 ‘시장 원리(maket principle)’를 의미한다. 경제주체들의 자유로운 경쟁이 이루어지는 시장은 자기 조절 기능이 있기 때문에 인위적인 개입이 시장의 흐름을 깨는 것으로 간주된다. 서정주는 역사적 신체를 배제하고, 인간의 타고난 본성들의 향연을 이상화했다. 그는 훼손되지 않은 본연의 인간성이 다른 수많은 본연의 생명들과 자연스럽게 교류하는 세계에 영원성 내지 절대성을 부여하고자 했다. 서정주는 시장 지향의 심성(mentality)이 구축되어가는 전후사회의 집단적 무의식-교환의 감각을 내면화하는 등-을 대담하게 구도를 잡아 미학화 했다고 볼 수 있다. 어쩌면 서정주에게 전통은 ‘동양’이나 ‘신라’에 있다기보다는 ‘현실’을 수용해가는 민중들의 집단적 무의식 차원과 결부지어 생각해 볼 필요가 있다. 서정주의 보수주의 미학(시학)의 핵심은 바로 현실수용의 구조를 미학화 하는 데 있기 때문이다. The economic poverty during the 1950s is a clear fact. However, poems did not have much interest in poverty. It is easy to discover the sentiment of solitude and sorrow based on impoverished life, and, however, there are an extremely small number of poems that overall deal with poverty. Jeong-ju Seo says “Poverty is nothing but merely being ragged.” What is the reason he can make such a statement? This study seeks to examine the correlation between the aesthetic ideology of the poems of Jeong-ju Seo and the principles of market economy, while reading both the poems of Jeong-ju Seou and the novels that realistically depicted the realities of Korea during the time. This study seeks to identify the characteristics of conservatism aesthetics of the poems of Jeong-ju Seo and the reason that ‘poverty’ was not able to compose the performance of the confrontation discourses in the 1950s. There seems to have been no poet that translated the orders and principles of the capitalism world into his or her own unique principles as the poems of Jeong-ju Seo had in the 1950s. The orders and principles of the capitalism world means the ‘market principle’ that considers that human beings pursue their own interests pursuant to human nature, individuals freely participate in the market to obtain maximum satisfaction, and the price is formed by an ‘invisible hand’ pursuant to demand and supply, rather than meaning a system that has its objective as profit-seeking. Because a market where free competition by economic agents is formed has a function of self-control, artificial intervention is regarded to break the flow of the market. Jeong-ju Seou excluded the body of history and idealized the banquet of the inner natures of people. He sought to grant absoluteness or eternal nature to the world where the undamaged human nature naturally interacts with the numerous other natural organisms. Many believe Jeong-ju Seo forms an aesthetic sense by boldly grasping the composition of the group unconsciousness in the postwar society ? internalization of the sense of exchange - where a market-oriented mentality was being constructed. Maybe, the tradition to Jeong-ju Seo could have been combined with group unconsciousness of the public accepting the ‘reality,’ rather than the ‘East’ or ‘Silla.’ That is because the core of the conservatism aesthetic (poetry) of Jeong-ju Seo is in making an aesthetic sense in the structure of acceptance of reality.

일제 식민지기 ‘원산노동병원’의 설립과 그 의의

정일영(JEONG, Il yeong),신영전(SHIN, Young-jeon) 대한의사학회 2016 醫史學 Vol.25 No.3

On July 3, 1928, the Wonsan Labor Union established the Wonsan Laborers’ Hospital in Seoku-dong, Wonsan for the purpose of reducing medical consultation fees for its members. The union’s efforts to improve the welfare of its members include the establishment of an educational institute, a consumers union, a barbershop, and a relief department. The Laborers’ Hospital, which began with ten wards, was led by a team of two doctors, one midwife, two pharmacists, and four nurses. The two doctors were Cheol-sun Cha and Jeong-kwon Lee, and the midwife/nurse was Sun-jeong Kim. Union members received a 40% discount on medicine, and this was utilized by a daily average of 60 to 70 workers, or 21,000 workers annually. The Laborers’ Hospital was clearly distinct from medical facilities founded as charity institutions in that funds were raised by the recipients themselves, and that the recipients formed a community based on their common status as laborers. However, the Wonsan Laborers’ Hospital was shut down in roughly April 1929 due to the breaking of the general strike, and the heightened suppression of union activities prevented any additional opening of laborers’ hospitals until Korea’s liberation from Japan. Nevertheless, the history of the Wonsan Laborers’ Hospital represents a key development in Korea’s health coverage. It is not adequate to declare, as was the case in past research, Korea’s health coverage to be simply an imitation of the Western system and lacking its own history. Despite some differences in scale and operation, the development of health coverage in the Korean peninsula is in line with the history of health coverage development in the West. The Wonsan Laborers’ Hospital, founded and operated by the laborers themselves, thus holds great significance in the history of Korea’s health coverage, The findings of this study are expected to stimulate new and more diverse discussions on the history of health coverage in Korea.

CdSe ; Cu 광전도 cell 제작

신영진,정태수,신현길,김택성,정철훈,이훈,신영신 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 1992 센서技術學術大會論文集 Vol.3 No.1

통계분석법을 이용한 영산강 유역의 수질평가

정희정 ( Hee Jeong Jeong ),허유정 ( Yu Jeong Huh ),이영재 ( Yeong Jae Lee ),김갑순 ( Kap Soon Kim ),유창석 ( Chang Seok Yoo ),임병진 ( Byung Jin Lim ) 한국물환경학회 ( 구 한국수질보전학회 ) 2010 공동 추계학술발표회 Vol.2010 No.-

GC-ECD를 이용한 유기염소계 및 Pyrethroid계 농약 동시 분석법

김우성,이선화,김재이,정지윤,이명자,박영채,이영자,정성욱,이봉헌,박흥재 한국환경과학회 2003 한국환경과학회지 Vol.12 No.4

Pesticides were extracted from samples with 70% acetone and methylene chloride in order, and then cleaned up via open-column chromatography apparatus packed with florisil, and finally analyzed simultaneously the organochlorine and pyrethroid pesticides using GC(ECD). An ultra-2 fused silica capillary column was used to separate and identify the products. The resolution between the last isomeric peak of cypermethrin(59.987min) and the first isomeric peak of flucythrinate(60.043min) was not satisfactory. The last isomeric peak of fenvalerate(62.344min) and the first isomeric peak of fluvalinate(62.397min) were overlapped. Recoveries of soybean sample for the most pesticides were 73.3% to 102.4%. Detection limits were between 0.004 and 0.063 ㎍/㎎ when this method was used.

혈액 투석 환자에서 중심정맥 협착에 대한 스텐트 삽입술 : Wallstent Placement

임대승,노상필,이유선,정승현,김보영,이정우,강정아,김정희,이민수,정준용,최시완,정진옥,성인환,이강욱,신영태 충남대학교 의과대학 의학연구소 2002 충남의대잡지 Vol.29 No.1

Stenosis of central vein is a common complication arising after percutaneous subclavian vein catheter insertion performed for temporary vascular access in chronic renal failure patients undergoing hemodialysis. There are several treatment methods for the condition like percutaneous angioplasty(PTA), stent insertion, and surgery, but recent trend is toward PTA and stents. Among the patients diagnosed with chronic renal failure from March 1993 to May 2002 and undergoing hemodialysis through AV fistula, the 14 Patients in whom central vein stenosis arose were selected for the study. A total of 28 percutaneous interventions(5 PTA and 23 stent placement) were performed, and restenosis rate and the time taken till the restenosis in de novo lesions and instant lesions were compared. All 28 cases were operated successfully. The 14 cases that received both anigioplasty and stent placement initially. (de novo lesion : 14 cases), Among the 10 cases with de novo lesion that followed up more than 1 year, 3 cases are currently undergoing hemodialysis without restenosis, and the remaining 7 cases have recurred stenosis with the mean time to restenosis of 10.9 months. In the 7 cases in whom stenosis recurred, 11 interventions were done(instent lesion: 11 cases). 4 of these were using only ballon angioplasty with 100% restenosis rate and the mean time of 3 months until restenosis. The remaining 7 cases were using both balloon angioplasty and stent placement, also with 100% restenosis rate but with the mean time of 12 months until restenosis, which was later than the group receiving only balloon angioplasty. In treating the patients with central vein stenosis, stent placement seems to be more advantageous over PTA in terms of restenosis rate and the mean duration of patency. In the case of instent lesion, inserting the stent for the second time after stenosis recurred lengthened the duration of patency compared to performing balloon angioplasty alone.

착색사출성형품에서 안료 및 성형조건이 수축에 미치는 영향

정영득,한성렬 釜慶大學校 1999 釜慶大學校 論文集 Vol.4 No.1

The pigments used for coloring of plastic parts influence considerably on the parts quality such as precision, appearance and strength. In this research, we explored the effects of injection molding condition and pigment's material properties on the shrinkage in the injection molded PP(polypropylene) parts. Injection molding experiments were conducted to collect data that were used to relations between parts qualities and injection condition such as melt temperature, injection pressure and holding pressure with various pigment. The results for injection conditions show that shrinkage was increased according to increasing melt temperature and decreased according to increasing injection pressure and holding pressure. And the results for pigments show that shrinkage in case of adding organic pigments was shown larger that inorganic pigments and red among all pigments were shown largest shrinkage in all case.

프레스금형의 자동공정설계시스템의 개발

鄭英得 釜山工業大學校 1990 論文集 Vol.32 No.-

This paper deals with development of a Computer Aided Process Planning System which links Computer Aided Design and Computer Aided Manufacturing for successful implementation of Computer Integrated Manufacturing System in Press die parts. Since Process Planning requires intelligent reasoning and considerable experiential knowledge, the developed system is approached to Expert System by using Knowledge Base which is based on experienced human being's knowledge. The proposed system automatically selects machine tools and determines machine sequences and estimates standard time. The system is developed by using TURBO PASCAL language on the IBM-PC and evaluated as a powerful system when applied to pratical problems on the die making shop.

모유 수유아와 조제 분유 영양아에서 수유 방법에 따른 아미노산 농도 비교 및 혈청 트립토판 농도와 수면 유도와의 관계

정다운,김은영,양은석,박상기,박영봉,문경래 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2005 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.30 No.2

Objective: Sleep behavior is modulated by serotonergic neurons within the brain, and the synthesis and release of serotonin by such neurons is thought to be influenced by the availability of tryptophan, the amino acid precursor of serotonin. Formula-feeding infants have depressed plasma tryptophan concentration relative to breast milk-feeding infants. Because tryptophan alters sleep waking patterns in adults, a study was designed to determine the difference of sleep latency relative to differences in plasma tryptophan and tryptophan : large neutral amino acid (LNAA) ratio between formula-feeding infants and breast milk-feeding infants. Method: 45 newborns who were born in Chosun University Hospital from December 2002 to December 2003 were selected. The newborns were divided to three group, 15 newborns were fed breast milk and 15 newborns were fed formula A, and last 15 newborns were fed formula B. At 6 weeks and 12 weeks, infants were sampled for measuring of serum amino acid level and tryptophan, tryptophan : LNAA ratio. And we taught infants' parents to measure sleep latency that means the time after a feeding to the first episode of active REM sleep that persist ≥ 1 min. Result: 1) At 6weeks, Serum α-amino-n-butyric acid, citrulline, tryptophan level was higher in formula A group than breastmilk group (P<0.05) and proline level was lower than breast milk group (P<0.05). In formula B group, serum n-amino-n-buryric acid, citrulline, cystine, hydroxylysine, hydroxyproline, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, taurine, threonine, valine levels were higher than breastmilk group (P<0.05). And Serum isoleucine, methionine, proline, valine level were higher in formula B group than formula A group (P<0.05). 2) At 12 weeks, serum glutamic acid, methionine, ornithine levels were higher in formula group A than breast milk group (P<0.05). Serum β-alanine, aspartic acid, α-amino-n-butyric acid, ethanolamine, glutamic acid, threonine level were higher in formula B group than breast milk group (P<0.05). Serum β-alanine, ethanolamine levels were higher and arginine level was lower in formula B group than formula A (P<0.05). 3) At 6 weeks, serum tryptophan concentration and tryptophan: LNAA ratio were higher in formula A group (P<0.05). Sleep latency was 21 minutes in formula group A, 24 minutes in breast milk group, 25 minutes in formula B group but there was no statistically significance (P>0.05). 4) At 12 weeks, serum tryptophan concentration and tryptophan: LNAA ratio, time after feeding to the first episode of active REM sleep were no difference with each other group. Conclusion: There is significant difference of serum amino acids between breast-feeding infants and formula-feeding infants. And serum tryptophan and tryptophan: LNAA ratio differ between brest-feeding infants and formula-feeding infants. But there is no association between serum tryptophan, tryptophan: LNM ratio and sleep latency.

백서에서 치아이동 후 보정기간 동안 교합이 치주조직섬유의 재형성에 미치는 영향

정권희,박영준,이기헌,황현식 대한치과교정학회 2003 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.33 No.2

본 연구는 실험적 치아이동 후 보정기간 동안 교합이 치주조직섬유의 물리적 강도에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 시행되었다. 체중 200g 내외의 Sprague-Dawley계 백서 수컷에서 상악 양측 제1대구치와 2대구치 사이에 교정용 고무줄을 삽입하여 4일 동안 치아를 이동시킨 다음, 각 실험동물의 하악 좌측 베1, 2, 3대구치를 발치하여 우측은 대합치가 있는 교합측으로, 좌측은 비교합측으로 구분하였다. 상악 제1대구치와 2대구치 사이의 인접면에 유지구를 형성하고 광중합형 레진으로 채워 보정을 시행한 후 시작 0일, 4일, 8일, 12일, 16일 또는 20일 경과한 후 백서를 희생시킨 다음, 만능물성 시험기를 이용하여 상악 제1대구치를 발치할 때 필요한 최대인장강도를 측정 좌우간 비교 분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 교합측은 비보정군에서 보정 4일, 8일, 12일, 16일, 20일군으로 갈수록 최대인장강도사 증가하였고, 보정 12일군 이후부터 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<0.05). 2. 비교합측은 비보정군에서 4일, 8일, 12일, 16일, 20일군으로 갈수록 최대인장강도가 증가하는 경향을 보였으나 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다(p<0.05) 3. 교합측과 비교합측의 최대인장강도를 비교한 결과 보정 8일군까지 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았으나 (p>0.05), 보정 12일군 이후 보정 20일군까지 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<0.05). 이상의 결과는 실험적 치아이동 후 보정기간 동안 교합이 치주조직 섬유의 재형성에 영향을 미침으로 보정장치의 선택, 기간설정 등 보정계획서 교합에 대한 고려가 필요함을 시사하였다. The purpose of this study was to valuate the effect of occlusion on the mechanical strength of periodontal fibers during retention periods after experimental tooth movement. In the Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing 200g or more, the intraoral elastics were inserted into the both right and left interproximal space between upper first and second molars for tooth movement. After 4 days later, the left lower first, second, and third molars were extracted for differentiating the non-occlusal side from the occlusal side in the same mouth. At the same time the elastics were removes and than light cured resin was placed in the space between upper first and second molard following undercut was made for retention bilaterally. From the beginning of retention, 7 rats were sacrificed at 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 days respectively. For evaluating of magnitude on the mechanical strength of periodontal tissue, the maximal shear load of the upper first molars were measured bilaterally during extraction using Instron Universal Testing Machine. The results of this study were obtained as follows : 1. In the occlusal side, the maximal shear load was increased from no retention to retention 20 days group as time was going and statistically difference was shown from retention 12 days group (p<0.05). 2. In the non-occlusal side, the maximal shear load was increased slightly from no retention 20 days group as time was going but there was no statistically difference (p>0.05) 3. The result compared with the maximal shear load between occlusal and nonocclusal side showed no statistically difference until retention 8 day group (p>0.05), but showed statistically difference from retention 12 day to 20 day group (p<0.05). These results show that occlusion had an effect on mechanical strength of the periodontal fibers during retention periods after experimental tooth movement; therefore, it is suggested that occlusion should be considered while the retainer types and retention period are planned.