연구논문 : 정암 조광조의 지치주의(至治主義), 그 입론(立論)의 근거와 실현 방법

최정묵 ( Jeong Mook Choi ) 한국동서철학회 2014 동서철학연구 Vol.74 No.-

이 글은 정암 조광조의 지치주의를 입론의 근거와 실현의 방법을 중심으로 고찰하고자 하는 데 목적을 두고 있다. 먼저 입론의 근거로는 두 가지의 내용을 제시하였다. 첫째는 하늘과 인간의 근본은 하나로서 서로 떨어질 수 없는 관계라는 천인합일론에 입각하고 있다는 점이다. 이러한 관점은 天意와 人事의 상응론으로 전개되고 있다. 둘째는 백성이 근본이라는 민본의식과 백성을 위한 정치의 실현을 내세우는 왕도정치 사상이다. 공자와 맹자 이후의 유가가 그리고 있는 이상정치의 모습을 조광조 역시 꿈꾸고 있는 것이다. 그러면 이러한 정치적 이상향은 어떻게 실현될 수 있는가? 조광조가 제시하고 있는 방법은 크게 다섯 가지로 집약된다. 군자와 소인에 대한 올바른 분별이 그 첫째이다. 이것이 제대로 이루어 질 때 올바른 인재등용이 가능하다고 보는 것이다. 둘째는 올바른 인재 등용과 군신 상호간의 신뢰와 협조이다. 조광조는 임금의 역할과 책임 못지않게 신하의 역할 또한 매우 막중한 것이라 인식하고 있다. 특히 재상이 지닌 위상의 중요성을 강조하여 그 책임이 무거운 것임을 역설하고 있다. 셋째는 선비의 습성을 올바로 세우고, 그들의 사기를 진작시키는 것이다. 이것은 선비 계층이 차지하고 있는 사회적인 역할과 비중이 매우 크다는 인식에서 기인한 것이다. 넷째는 이단에 대한 배격이다. 조광조는 유학적 진리관을 견지하는 사람이기 때문에, 유학 이외의 사상에 대해서는 비판·거부하는 입장을 취하고 있다. 이러하기 때문에 그는 도학적 순일주의라 평가되기도 한다. 다섯째는 여론이 자유롭게 전달될 수 있도록 하는 언로의 확대이다. 대소의 신료이든 일반 백성이든 그들의 뜻과 생각이 최고의 통치자에게 제대로 전달될 수 있도록 하여야 한다는 것이다. This paper aims at searching for the theoretical bases of Jeong-am Jo Gwang Jo’s doctrine of ultimate governance and the ways to realize it. First of all, the author settles that there are two theoretical bases of the doctrine. The first one can be called the theory of ‘unity of Heaven and human (天人合一)’ according to which the foundation of Heaven and human is unique and thus they cannot be separated. This viewpoint has developed into the theory of ‘correspondence (相應) of Heaven’s mind (天意) and human affairs (人事)’. The second one is the consciousness of the people as the base of nation (民本) and the theory of kingship politics (王道政治) according to which all political activities must be realized for the sake of the people. It can be seen that Jo Gwang Jo also dreams about the ideal politics which Confucius, Mencius and other Confucian scholars after them have had drawn. In such a way, how to realize this Utopia in the reality? The resolutions that Jo Gwang Jo proposes can be integrated into five. The first one is the correct differentiation between gentleman (君子) and petty person (小人). In his viewpoint if this differentiation can be done properly, then there will be possibilities to select and utilize talented persons. The second one is the harmony between the utilization of talented persons and the confidence between the King and the mandarins. Jo Gwang Jo states that the role that mandarins play is as important as the role and responsibility of the King. Especially, he emphasizes the importance of the post of prime minister (宰相) and asserts that the responsibility of this post is very heavy. The third one is the formation of Confucian scholars’ right manner and the increase of their morale. This is also originated from his awareness of the role and responsibility as well as the importance of the scholar circles. The forth one is the strong disapproval of all other heterodox ideas. Since Jo Gwang Jo is a scholar who strictly adheres to the Confucian viewpoint on the truth, he sees all other thoughts outside the scope of Confucianism with a critical and negative look. For this reason, his philosophy is often considered pure and simple. The fifth one is the expansion of ‘the way for (freely) speaking (言路)’, in order that the public opinion can be imparted freely. It means whether they are high ranking officials or common people, their feelings and thoughts need to be properly imparted to the rulers.

體操競技 運動素質點 算出에 關한 硏究

金正默,申榮吉 慶北大學校 師範大學 1976 敎育硏究誌 Vol.18 No.-

Finding in this study are summarized as follows: 1. for man-10(r=0.36∼0.59) A. Through the stick r=0.59 t=6.2003 B. Knee dip r=0.55 t=5.5840 C. Half level r=0.52 t=5.1628 D. Double heel click r=0.51 t=5.0255 E. Wall pivot r=0.50 t=4.8849 F. Human ball r=0.48 t=4.6414 G. Full left turn r=0.39 t=3.5861 H. Crab bend r=0.37 t=3.2842 I. Grapevine r=0.36 t=3.2671 J. Side kick r=0.36 t=3.2671 2. for woman-10(r=0.45∼0.74) A. Horizontal to perpendicular r=0.74 t=8.3384 B. Single squat balance r=0.61 t=5.8627 C. Double heel click r=0.59 t=5.5651 D. Squat voult r=0.53 t=4.7599 E. Korean stand up r=0.53 t=4.7599 F. Tip up(Frog hand stand) r=0.50 t=4.3970 G. Bear dance(Russia dance) r=0.50 t=4.3970 H. Sit up r=0.49 t=4.1061 I. Stork stand r=0.46 t=3.9455 J. Wall pivot r=0.45 t=3.8376 3. Marking Two times each score is given when succesfully performed in first of three chances in test. Original score in the second or third performance. 0 score in failure. All score is 50 and each is(r×10). Following is each score for man and woman. for man; A=7, B.C=6, D.E.F=5, G.H.I.J=4 for woman; A=8, B.C=6, D.E=5, F.G.H.I.J=4 100score will be for man and woman all together.

생식세포공학의 향후전망 및 최근연구결과

임정묵 서울대학교 농업개발연구소 2000 농업생명과학연구 Vol.4 No.-

Gamete Biotechnology is a science that studies on developing peer techniques for manipulating mammalian gametes and embryos. This is an applied science related to various fields of research area such as embryology, reproductive physiology and medicine, animal science, and biology. Developed technologies in this scientific area greatly contributes to improving the efficacy of animal husbandary and to establishing human reproductive medicine. Moreover such techniques will mostly accelerate to develop peer medical therapeutics such as cell therapy and tissue transplantation.

동맥내막절제술과 동맥내 스텐트 삽입술을 이용한 청색지증후군 치험 2예 : 2 Cases Report

권정남,박동은,채권묵,노병석,소병준 대한혈관외과학회 2003 Vascular Specialist International Vol.19 No.1

조직 표면에서의 베타선 흡수선량 측정

하석호,김정묵,육종철 대한방사선 방어학회 1991 방사선방어학회지 Vol.16 No.2

외삽형 전리함을 사용하여 90Sr+90Y(1.65mCi) 베타선원에 대해 교정점 30cm 거리에서 조직표면의 흡수선량을 측정하였다. 이때 흡수선량 측정에 영향을 주는 유효단면적, 입사창 감쇠율, 극성효과, 이온 재결합율 등의 보정인자를 분석하였다. 이들 인자를 보정한 후의 조직표면의 흡수선량은 1.4939μGy/sec(±2.9%)로 평가되었다. Beta ray(90Sr+90Y) absorbed dose at tissue surface was measured from the distance of 30cm by use of extrapolation chamber. In the measurement, following factors were considered : effective area of collecting electrode, polarity effect, ion recombination and window attenuation. The measured absorbed dose rate at tissue surface was 1.4939μGy/sec with ±2.9%.

IC Card와 X.509를 이용한 인증 프로토콜

박경배,임경묵,강경인,김정일,정근원,이광배,김현욱 명지대학교 대학원 1997 대학원논문집 Vol.1 No.-

As recently the need for electronic commerce and infra information system using Internet increases, several organizations have attempted to develop mutual authentication mechanism between Certification Authorities(CA's) as well as fundamental authentication mechanism, based on Public-key. In this paper, we propose a new efficient authentication protocol which is applicable to various servers. For the protocol, we complement Public-key certificate structure and authentication protocol defined in X.509 with self-arithmetic function and data security function of 1C card.

국내산 및 제초제 내성 콩(HS2906)의 일반성분, 무기질 및 지방산 조성

양윤형,이정희,김형진,윤원기,김환묵,김미리 동아시아식생활학회 2005 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.15 No.1

Proximate analysis, mineral and fatty acid composition of three conventional domestic soybean cultivars and two imported ones including glyphosate-tolerant HS2906 were evaluated by AOAC method, ICP-AES and gas chromatography. There were several differences in the proximate analysis among three conventional domestic soybean cultivars ; higher crude fat in the cultivar Hwanggumkong, higher crude protein in Pungsankong, and higher carbohydrate and crude ash in Duyukong. The ranges of contents of proximate components of domestic cultivars were similar to the data previously reported. There were no significant differences in proximate analysis between conventional soybean WS82 and glyphosate-tolerant HS2906 ; 23.55~23.90% of crudefat, 34.22~35.55% of crude protein, 6.25~6.45% of crude ash, and 25.35~26.47% of carbohydrate. The mineral and fatty acid compositions of HS2906 were similar to those of conventional soybeans previously reported.

鹽化알루미늄 重合體와 黃酸알루미늄의 凝集效果에 對한 比較 硏究

李基昌,徐廷穆 명지대학교 1976 明大論文集 Vol.9 No.-

현재 우리 나라에서 일차 정수제로 사용되고 있는 황산알루미늄(황산반토)의 결점과 문제점을 해결하기 위하여, 새로운 정수제의 개발이 요청되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 염화알루미늄 중합체(polyaluminumchloride, P.A.C)와 황산알루미늄에 의한 혼탁한 원수 중에서의 제탁효과를 정성 및 정량적으로 비교 실험하였다. 실험 결과는 P.A.C가 황산알루미늄에 비하여 floc의 흡착 및 활성도가 비교적 크고, 강함을 보여 주었으며, 원수의 탁도와 수온의 고저에 관계 없이, 좋은 제탁효과를 나타내었다. P.A.C는 사용시에 알칼리도(alkalinity)의 감소가 적게 나타나기 때문에, 알칼리 보조제의 사용량도 크게 절감할 수 있음을 보여 주었다. 또, P.A.C는 적정 사용량의 허용폭이 커서, 작업상 안정도를 높일 수 있었다. This is to examine the coagulating effects of polyaluminumchloride in water, a kind of inorganic high polymer according to the experimental method. Besides, it is meaningful to compare the coagulating effects of aluminumsulphate utilizing as a coagulants in our country, and then to examine the efficient usage of polyaluminumchloride. The results of the above are as follows: 1. The characteristics of floc showed that the absorption activity is stronger than alum. 2. It expressed that the coagulating effects are good in spite of changing the turbidity and temperature of water. 3. The required quantities of alkaline agents are decreased, because alkalinities neary are not changing. 4. One of the results said that, as the permissive amount of dosage is large, there is safety in the treatment of water. As the above consequences, disclosed that only to utilize the polyaluminumchloride as coagulant is more effective than to uitlize aluminumsulphate, and then very promising.

S.D. Rats를 이용 1, 1-Dichloro-1-fluoroethane의 아민성 흡입독성 연구

김현영,이성배,임철홍,김철우,점용현,한정희,전윤석,최수영,강대봉,이용묵 한국환경독성학회 2002 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.17 No.1

There were no specific effects for test materials on Sprague-Dawley (S.D.) rats in clinical symptoms, amounts of food intakes, weight changes, laboratory findings, and pathology after whole body l, l-Dichloro-1 -fluoroethane (used as coolant, metal cleaner and solvents) exposure(0, 1,500, 3,000, and 6,000 ppm) for 13 weeks (6 hour/day, 5 days/week). However, the loss of capillary vessels in eyeball (pupil) was observed in a female rat among 6,000 ppm group. Though there was a tendency for MCHC (Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration) in rat to be decreased (p<0.05), it was not regarded as abnormal because the values were within normal limits. In asthma-stimulation related evaluations, there was also a tendency for inflammatory cell counts in bronchoalveolar lavages to be increased. But it had no statistical significance, and also no dependency on sex and the exposed concentration. Based on this result, the non observed effect level (NOEL) induced by 1, 1-Dichloro-l -fluoroethene inhalation was evaluated in groups with 3,000 ppm below (S .D. Rats, 13 weeks). Finally, it was concluded that the short term exposal of 1, 1-Dichloro-l-fluoroethane is not considered as a asthma stimulant by inhalation despite of some study limitations such as test animals use and short-term exposure .

Mitochondrial dysfunction and calcium deregulation by the RanBP9-cofilin pathway

Roh, Seung-Eon,Woo, Jung A.,Lakshmana, Madepalli K.,Uhlar, Courtney,Ankala, Vinishaa,Boggess, Taylor,Liu, Tian,Hong, Yun-Hwa,Mook-Jung, Inhee,Kim, Sang Jeong,Kang, David E. The Federation of American Societies for Experimen 2013 The FASEB Journal Vol.27 No.12

<P>Mitochondrial dysfunction and synaptic damage are important features of Alzheimer's disease (AD) associated with amyloid β (Aβ) and tau. We reported previously that the scaffolding protein RanBP9, which is overall increased in brains of patients with AD and in mutant APP transgenic mice, simultaneously promotes Aβ generation and focal adhesion disruption by accelerating the endocytosis of APP and β1-integrin, respectively. Moreover, RanBP9 induces neurodegeneration <I>in vitro</I> and <I>in vivo</I> and mediates Aβ-induced neurotoxicity. Here we show in primary hippocampal neurons that RanBP9 potentiates Aβ-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction, apoptosis, and calcium deregulation. Analyses of calcium-handling measures demonstrate that RanBP9 selectively delays the clearance of cytosolic Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> mediated by the mitochondrial calcium uniporter through a process involving the translocation of cofilin into mitochondria and oxidative mechanisms. Further, RanBP9 retards the anterograde axonal transport of mitochondria in primary neurons and decreases synaptic mitochondrial activity in brain. These data indicate that RanBP9, cofilin, and Aβ mimic and potentiate each other to produce mitochondrial dysfunction, ROS overproduction, and calcium deregulation, which leads to neurodegenerative changes reminiscent of those seen in AD.—Roh. S.-E., Woo, J. A., Lakshmana, M. K., Uhlar, C., Ankala, V., Boggess, T., Liu, T., Hong, Y.-H., Mook-Jung, I., Kim, S. J., Kang, D. E. Mitochondrial dysfunction and calcium deregulation by the RanBP9-cofilin pathway.</P>