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Kim, You-Sun,Hong, Goohyeon,Kim, Doh Hyung,Kim, Young Min,Kim, Yoon-Keun,Oh, Yeon-Mok,Jee, Young-Koo Nature Publishing Group UK 2018 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.50 No.11
<▼1><P>Although the positive effects of recombinant fibroblast growth factor-2 (rFGF-2) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have been implicated in previous studies, knowledge of its role in COPD remains limited. The mechanism of FGF2 in a COPD mouse model and the therapeutic potential of rFGF-2 were investigated in COPD. The mechanism and protective effects of rFGF-2 were evaluated in cigarette smoke-exposed or elastase-induced COPD animal models. Inflammation was assessed in alveolar cells and lung tissues from mice. FGF-2 was decreased in the lungs of cigarette smoke-exposed mice. Intranasal use of rFGF-2 significantly reduced macrophage-dominant inflammation and alveolar destruction in the lungs. In the elastase-induced emphysema model, rFGF-2 improved regeneration of the lungs. In humans, plasma FGF-2 was decreased significantly in COPD compared with normal subjects (10 subjects, <I>P</I> <I>=</I> 0.037). The safety and efficacy of inhaled rFGF-2 use was examined in COPD patients, along with changes in respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function. A 2-week treatment with inhaled rFGF-2 in COPD (<I>n</I> = 6) resulted in significantly improved respiratory symptoms compared with baseline levels (<I>P</I> <I><</I> 0.05); however, the results were not significant compared with the placebo. The pulmonary function test results of COPD improved numerically compared with those in the placebo, but the difference was not statistically significant. No serious adverse events occurred during treatment with inhaled rFGF-2. The loss of FGF-2 production is an important mechanism in the development of COPD. Inhaling rFGF-2 may be a new therapeutic option for patients with COPD because rFGF-2 decreases inflammation in lungs exposed to cigarette smoke.</P></▼1><▼2><P><B>Lung disease: Inhaling a protein might help</B></P><P>Studies on the role of the protein ‘fibroblast growth factor-2’ (FGF-2) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) suggest that inhaled FGF-2 could help treat the emphysema linked to smoking. Researchers in South Korea led by Young-Koo Jee at Dankook University, Cheonan, and Yeon-Mok Oh at the University of Ulsan, Seoul, studied the role of the reduced FGF-2 levels found in mice with lung inflammation caused by exposure to cigarette smoke. They also uncovered details of a protective effect of inhaled FGF-2, identifying specific cellular and lung structure changes attributed to the administered FGF-2. Reduced FGF-2 levels were also found in patients with COPD. Initial trials revealed some improvement in patients treated with FGF-2, but not at a statistically significant level. Nevertheless, the authors suggest their results justify further investigation of the protein’s therapeutic potential.</P></▼2>
C_57BL/6계 생쥐와 Nude계 생쥐의 오금림프절내 림프소절 및 종자중심의 분포에 관한 3차원적 연구
지연근,이원규,안희경 慶熙大學校 1992 論文集 Vol.21 No.-
This study was aimed to clarify the distribution of lymph follicles and germinal centers in the lymph nodes of the C_57BL/6 and nude strain mice. Male adult mice were used in this study. After animal were sacrificed, the right popliteal lymph nodes were removed and fixed in Zenker-formol solution for 3 hours and embedded in JB-4 resin. One of every two section, cut 3㎛ in thickness serially, was stained with May-Gru‥nwald and Giemsa solution. The results obtained from this study were as follows; 1. The number of lymph follicles per popliteal lymph node was average 11.25 C_57BL/6 mice but, the number of lymph follicles in nude mice was 20.25. In C_57BL/6 mice major distribution(8.5) of the lymph follicles situated in peripheral cortex overlying the unit(PCOU). In unde mice major distribution(14) is peripheral cortex beyond the unit(PCBU). 2. The thickness of most lymph follicles was between 0.01-0.19 mm in C_57BL/6 mice. But in nude mice the thickness of most of lymph follicles was between 0.20-0.39mm 3. The number of lymph follicies contained germinal center was 8.75 in nude mice. But C_57BL/ 6 mice was not observed germinal centers. 4. The average number of deep cortex is 1.5 and shape is semiovoid in C_57BL/6 mice. Spherical shaped deep cortex was observed and the number of that is one in nude mice. In stained section low density deep cortex was observed in nude mice specifically. 5. The size of lymph follicle in C_57BL/6 mice is 0.405mm and in nude mice 0.795mm
임부의 연령에 따른 보완대체요법에 관한 인식 태도 경험 비교 연구
김연진,김지연,노경민,신혜리,유예지,이지민,장희조,정아인,최소정,강숙정,이향연,민혜영 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2016 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.50
Purpose: This study aims to test if the age of pregnant women affects the perception, experience, and attitude towards complementary alternative therapy (CAT), by investigating the perception, experience, and attitude of pregnant women under the age of 35, and above 35 (Advanced Maternal Age). The study will 1) find the general characteristics of pregnant women under and over the age of 35 2) compare the perception, behavior, and experience of pregnant women under and over the age of 35, and 3) find the comparison of the perception, behavior, and experience according to the general characteristics of pregnant women under and over the age of 35. Method: The subjects of this study are composed of 44 women under the age of 35 and 44 women above the age of 35, totaling 88 pregnant women visiting midwiferies, obstetrics and gynecology, and baby fairs in Seoul and Gyeong-Gi area. Data for this study was collected from November 28, 2015 to January 6, 2016 for 40 days. The collected data analyzed mean, standard deviation, t test, ANOVA, and chi-square by using SPSS 23.0. Result Results show that there is a significant difference in the perception, attitude, and experience of the two-sample groups in the use of CAT. The question of “what is most necessary when applying CAT in a hospital clinical environment” for the perception criteria came out with the results of t=9.980, p<.05. For the attitude, results showed that the answers of pregnant women under the age of 35 displayed a more positive attitude towards CAT. (t=2.421, p<.05) Lastly, in the experience section, pregnant women under the age of 35 showed more CAT use than the other sample group. Conclusion Results have shown that there is a difference in the perception, behavior, and experience between the two sample groups. Therefore further research on the efficacy and the adverse effects of CAT needs to be done.
金芝延,李哲雨 대구산업정보대학 1998 논문집 Vol.12 No.2
This study was carried out by co-reaserchers(one is a performer, the other is a composer) who exchanged ideas with each other for the purpose of establishing an objective way of playing the twentieth century's major works of music. The study will play a crucial role in having the modern works perform more on local stages: actually there is a tendency to perform the classic works more often than to perform modern works. This is the reason why we preferred "suggestion" to "an analysis" as the title so that we could provide a clear purpose for this study. We chose Sechs kleine Klavierstucke, which characterizes the middle stage of Arnold Schonberg 's musical life, for the object of study because we thought of this work as musically simple and lucid which is greatly different from the musical traditions of the past and corresponds to the purpose of our study. More correctly speaking, we did not include such reasons as "Because this work is very imfortant in the history of modern music" or "Because this work is masterpiece in his music." We divided our study into three parts: philological investigation, analysis for performance and conclusion. Sechs kleine Klavierstucke might not be said to have a perfect sonata form but it can be regarded as a work intended for sonata form with metamorphoses. For in this work, as below, the contents of the third and fourth pieces are not very different from those of the first and second pieces in the aspect of music development. These aspects show that Schonberg was a composer who was interested in the traditional form of music in spite of living in the twentieth century. ◁그림삽입▷(원문을 참조하세요) Through this study we concluded that the works of the twentieth century could be performed on the basis of traditional forms. In other words, if we can find 'what is the same?' or 'what is different?' in the standards of traditional forms of music we can conceive of a method for the good performance of the twentieth century's works. In this respect, it seems to me that the last judge of music is 'the ear' of listeners. If we systematically study, we will have 'the ear' to understand 'the new'. Finally we hope that our study can give the fellow performers better opportunities to approach the twentieth century's works.
악성종양에서 혈청 Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1의 혈청
조덕연,김현수,박상준,김종숙,최지영,윤환중,김삼용 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1995 충남의대잡지 Vol.22 No.1
Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) is a glycoprotein serving as ligands for leukocyte intergrin receptors, i.e. LFA-1, MAC-l. It has been suggested that the expression of ICAM-1 and the levels of circulating ICAM-1 were increased in several malignancies. We measured serum ICAM-1 by ELISA in patients with stomach cancer (n=25), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (n=7), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (n=14), and metastasis of unknown origin (n=5). Serum levels of circulating ICAM-1 in all malignancies were significantly higer than in normal controls. And serum level of ICAM-1 in stomach cancer ptients having metastatic disease was higher than in patients with localized disease (p=0.027). These results suggest that elevated serum ICAM-1 is a rather common feature for malignancies, not unique for certain types of cancer such as malignant melanoma. It remains to be clalified whether marked increase of serum ICAM-1 in metastatic stomach cancers simply reflect tumor burden or this molecule plays a role in progression in stomach cancer.
소수계 유역 인공습지에서 식생 밀도 차이에 따른 영양염류 제거효율
고지연,강항원,이재생,김춘송,Sakadevan,K.,Bavor, H. J. 한국환경농학회 2003 한국환경농학회지 Vol.22 No.4
호주 시드니 인근 도·농 복합 소도시로부터 발생하는 비점오염원을 처리하기 위하여 설치된 Plumpton park와 Woodcroft park 인공습지의 처리효율을 살펴본 결과, 수생식물의 밀도가 증가하고 식생이 안정된 Plumpton park 인공습지에서 T-P의 26.2%, T-N의 38.3%, 식생분포가 안정적이지 않은 Woodcroft park에서 14.0%와 20.2%가 각각 제거됨으로서 식물체 근권 미생물에 의한 T-P 및 T-N의 제거 효율이 상당히 큼을 알 수 있었다. 또한 T-N와 T-P에 비하여 NH₄-N, NO₃-N, PO₄^(-3)의 제거율이 높았던 것은 무기태 형태의 영양염류가 식물 및 미생물에 더 쉽게 이용되었기 때문으로 생각된다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때 인공습지에서 식물체와 근권 주위 미생물에 의한 염류제거는 인공습지가 설치한지 오래되었을 때도 효과적이었고, 또한 인공습지는 무기태 영양염류의 제거효율이 더욱 높았으므로 무기화학비료 등의 용탈이 일어나기 쉬운 농경지 비점오염원으로부터 발생하는 수질오염의 개선에 이용할 수 있는 경제적이고도 효율적인 system으로 고려되었다. This study was conducted to evaluate effects of 2 constructed wetlands with different vegetation states (Plumpton park wetland and Woodcroft park wetland) for reducing non-point source pollution from small watershed consisted of residential and agricultural area in suburban district of Sydney, Australia. The total nitrogen and phosphate removal efficiency of Plumpton park constructed wetland, composed of stable and dense vegetation, were 38.3% and 26.2% and Woodcroft park constructed wetland having still poor vegetation due to the short time to settle down transplanted plants after construction, showed relatively low removal efficiency of 20.2% and 14.0%. The removal efficiency of inorganic nutrients such as NH₄-N, NO₃-N, PO₄^(-3) were higher than total nitrogen and phosphate because plants and microorganisms in rhizosphere of constructed wetlands took up inorganic nutrients shortly. According to the type of wetland inflow, the nutrients removal efficiency of storm water flow was lower than base flow.
한국 최초의 여성감독 : 박남옥의 영화 <미망인>과 그 이후
박지연 신라대학교 여성문제연구소 2018 젠더와 사회 Vol.29 No.-
1954년 한국 최초의 여성감독이 탄생하였다. 영화를 사랑했던 박남옥은 영화 기자로 활약하다가 한국 전쟁이 발발하자 뉴스 기자단으로 활동한다. 이후 한국전쟁이 휩쓸고 지나간 자리에 남은 미망인을 바라 본 여성 감독은 그들을 영화의 주인공으로 세웠다. 하지만 여성 감독이 바라본 미망인은 조금 다른 특징들을 지녔다. 전후사회는 전쟁미망인에 대한 양가적 감정을 가진다. 어린 자녀들과 생계를 유지해야 하는 책임자로서의 미망인에 대한 측은한 마음과 동시에 가족 분양을 위한 경제적 활동을 하면 서, 독립적 역할을 하게 되는 그녀들을 규제할 남편이 부재한 것에 대해 전통적인 가족을 대신해 그녀들을 통제하고 싶은 욕구이다. 영화 <미망인>은 이런 양가적 감정을 둘 다 거부한다. 전형적인 멜로드라마의 구조를 따르고 있지만 전통적인 유교의 윤리가 강하게 남아 있던 당시의 시대적 분위기 속에서 한 남성을 둘러싸고 자신의 욕망을 거침없이 드러낸다. In 1954, the first female film director of Korea appeared. Park Nam-ok who loved movies wrote film reviews for a magazine. The outbreak of the Korean War made her work in a press corps. Widows were left in the ravages of war and Park focused on them. However her perspective to those widows was different. Society felt ambivalent about a war widow. One is compassion for women responsible for earning a living for their children. Another is desire to control women doing economical and independent activity in their husbands absence. <The Widow> refused ambivalent standpoint of society. The movie follows typical melodrama formation, however, the heroine of the movie appears her desire for a man without reserve despite of the vestige of confucian culture. The story of a woman who chose desire as a woman rather than maternal instinct, happiness as a woman rather than faithful as a widow. <The Widow> is characterized for the female film director, Park, Nam-ok.
동아시아의 핵문제 : 북한과 일본의 사례분석 In the case of the North Korea and the Japan
김지연 현대일본학회 2003 日本硏究論叢 Vol.18 No.-
1990년대 초반 북한의 핵시설을 사찰한 국제원자력기구는 플루토늄 추출 사실을 확인했고 이 문제는 미북간 고위급 회담으로 논의되었다. 북한은 플루토늄의 보유여부를 애매하고 불확실하게 처리하여 국제제재를 피하면서 미국과의 협상의 주도권을 잡았고, 미국은 북한의 핵문제를 핵비확산원칙으로 해결하려 했으나, 북한이 과거 핵을 규명하지 못했다. 미북간 고위급 회담은 1994년 10월 제네바 미북핵합의로 일단락되는 양상을 띠었다. 이와 더불어 일본은 1990년대의 일본의 플루토늄 상용화로 상징되는 핵연료 리사이클을 추진했다. 1950년대 중반 에너지 안보적 필요에서 핵에너지 이용을 시작한 일본은 독자적인 재처리시설을 추진하여 1987년 미일원자력협상에서 30년간의 상대적으로 자유로운 재처리승인을 미국으로부터 얻어냈다. 일본은 재처리한 플루토늄을 에너지생산에 이용하는 핵연료 리사이클을 고속증식로와 프루서멀(플루토늄의 경수로 이용)을 통해 추진하고 있으나 1995년 고속증식로 몬주사고 이후 고속증식로의 개발이 불투명하고 프루서멀도 안전성의 문제가 제기되고 있다. 일본의 핵연료 리사이클은 전세계적인 핵에너지 이용경향과 상반되고 경제성과 안전성 모두가 검증되지 않았고 그에 따른 플루토늄의 증식이 예상된다. 북한의 핵개발 과정에서 나타난 플루토늄 보유와 일본의 핵연료 리사이클 과정에서 나타난 플루토늄의 증식은 동북아의 안보에 위협이 되고 안보딜레마 논리와 같이 주변국가의 적극적 대응을 유발할 수 있다. This paper aims at the analysis of the reality of the nuclear proliferation in the East Asia, especially in the case of the North Korea and Japan. In 1990 North Korea's nuclear development has emerged as serious security problem for the South Korea and the threat of peace of East Asia. Pyongyang's attempt to develop nuclear weapons was sufficient to rock the NPT system and become a major source of tension between North Korea and international community. Intending to use nuclear energy for both peaceful as well as military uses, North Korea began to develope the research in the nuclear energy. In 1994, by the Geneva accord North Korea promised to accommodation the IAEA safeguards, to freeze construction of graphite moderated reactors and to freeze operation of a controversial 5 MW reactor. In Fact, many Japanese leaders did want to keep a nuclear weapons options open and promoted a plutonium-based autonomous nuclear fuel recycle not only economic reasons, especially energy security but also because it can be readily converted to a military nuclear program. The continuance of the American nuclear umbrella over Japan will not, in itself, assure a non-nuclear Japan unless it is accompanied by meaningful U. S. and Russian leading to a global process of nuclear disarmament.
趙成衍,河智容 대한동의병리학회 1998 동의생리병리학회지 Vol.12 No.1
종양은 그 발생원인과 성장기전이 자세히 밝혀져 있지 않는 질병중 하나로 지역, 연령, 생활방식에 따른 차이가 있지만 최근 평균수명의 연장 및 생활수준의 향상으로 인한 지방질음식의 과다 섭취, 주위환경으로부터 받는 스트레스 등으로 인하여 급격한 첨단기술의 도움을 받고 있는 의료시설에도 불구하고 최근 성인 사망의 제1원인으로 대두되고 있는 실정이다. 모든 약에는 각기 고유의 독성을 가지고 있으며 그 약의 효능에 의하여 질병이 치료된다고 볼수 있는 면에서 살펴볼 경우 종양의 치료에 현재 시행되고 있는 각종 수술요법, 방사선요법, 화학약물요법, 골수이식, 면역요법, 호르몬요법 등에 비해 한약재를 이용한 치료가 환자에게 부작용이 적을 것으로 보여지며 이러한 이유로 인하여 종양에 대한 경험적인 한약 처방이 많이 알려져 있으며 최근 이런 처방에 대한 과학적이며 객관적인 병태모형을 통한 검증이 동물 및 시험관 실험을 통해 많이 이루어지고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 虛勞로 인한 耗損, 氣血不足, 倦怠氣短, 飮食減少를 다스리는 인삼양영탕을 이용하여 sarcoma-180세포에 대한 항암 및 면역조절효과를 연구하고자 하였다. 본 연구에서는 시험관내 세포독성능을 알아보기 위하여 MTT법으로 각 농도별로 처리된 인삼양영탕을 sarcoma-180 세포에 적정농도로 처리하여 생존율 및 IC??을 측정하였다. 또한 ICR계 생쥐를 이용한 동물실험으로 sarcoma-180 세포를 복강에 이식시킨후 인삼양영탕을 투여하여 생존율을 측정하였으며 methotrexate를 이용하여 면역기능을 저하시킨 생쥐에 있어서의 적혈구 溶血素價, 적혈구 疑集素價, NK-activity, 임파구 증식반응, IL-2의 생산능을 측정하였다. Sarcoma-180 세포를 생쥐의 복강에 이식시킨후 median survival time을 측정한 결과 인삼양영탕 투여군에서 대조군에 비해 13.04%의 연장효과가 있었으나 유의성은 없었으며 인삼양영탕의 sarcoma-180 세포에 대한 직접적인 항암작용을 알아 보기 위한 시험관내 세포독성실험에서는 인삼양영탕의 용량이 5㎍/well, 2.5㎍/well, 1.25㎍/well, 0.625㎍/well인 경우 유의성있는 효과를 얻을수 있었으며 생존율에 의한 IC??은 2.17㎍/well이었다. 적혈구 疑集素價와 溶血素價를 측정한 결과 인삼양영탕 투여군은 대조군에 비해 유의성있는 차이를 볼 수 없었다. 임파구 증식반응을 측정한 결과 인삼양영탕 투여군이 대조군에 비해 유의성있는 증가를 보였다. NK-activity를 측정한 결과 인삼양영탕 투여군이 작동세포와 표적세포의 비율이 100:1, 50:1, 10:1의 모든 경우에 있어서 유의성있는 증가를 보였다. IL-2의 생산능을 측정한 결과 인삼양영탕 투여군이 대조군에 비해 유의성있는 증가를 보였다. 이상의 결과를 종합하여 보면 인삼양영탕은 종양세포에 직접적으로 관여하여 이들의 성장을 억제시키고 NK cell을 직접적으로 활성화시켜 IL-2의 생산능을 증가시키며 면역기능을 증강시켜 복강암이 유발된 생쥐에 있어 생명연장의 효과를 가져 왔던 것으로 생각된다. In order to investigate the antitumor effect by Insamyangyoungtang after Sarcoma-180 cells were transplanted in ICR mice, and immune responses in mice induced by methotrexate, the extract of Insamyangyoungtang was orally administered to the mice for 21 days. Experimental studies were performed for measurance of mean survival days, hemagglutinin titer, hemolysin titer, natural killer cell activity, increase of lymphocyte, productivity of interleukin-2, cell-cytotoxicity in vitro. The results were summarized as follows: 1. Mean survival time in Insamyangyoungtang-treated group was slightly prolonged, as compared with control group(13.04%). But that had no significance. 2. On the MTT assay, cell viability was significantly inhibited by 5㎍/well, 2.5㎍/well, 1.25㎍/well, and 0.625㎍/well of Insamyangyoungtang concentration inhibited cell viability significantly. IC50 for cell viability was 2.17㎍/well. 3. Hemagglutinin titer in Insamyangyoungtang-treated group was slightly increased with no significance, and hemolysin titer had no difference with control group. 4. Lymphocyte transformation was significantly increased(P< 0.05). 5. Natural killer cell activity in Insamyangyoungtang-treated group was significantly increased(P< 0.05). 6. Production of interleukin-2 was significantly increased(P< 0.05).
갑상샘 병변에서의 Galectin-3와 HBME-1의 진단적 유용성
김지연,최경운,설미영 부산대학교 병원 암연구소 2007 부산대병원학술지 Vol.- No.21
PURPOSE: Galectin-3 is a beta-galactoside-binding protein that has been reported to be expressed preferentially in thyroid malignancies. HBME-l is a monoclonal antibody that was raised to recognize an antigen on the surface of mesothelial cells. This preliminary study was designed to substantiate this finding further and to establish a presurgical diagnostic modality of differentiating between benign and malignant thyroid neoplasms by analyzing galectin-3 and HBME-l expression in fine-needle aspirates. SUBJECT AND METHODS: The expression of galectin-3 and HBME-1 were examined immunohistochemically in total of 34 specimens: 12 papillary carcinomas, 4 follicular carcinomas, 8 follicular adenomas and 10 goiters. RESULTS: The positive rate of galectin-3 and HBME-l were 100%(12/12) and 66.7%(8/12) in papillary carcinoma, 50%(2/4) and 75%(3/4) in follicular carcinoma, 50%(4/8) and 12.5%(1/8) in follicular adenoma, 30%(3/10) and 10%(1/10) in goiter, 39%(7/18) and 11.1%(2/18) in benign lesion, and 87.5%(14/16) and 68.8%(11/16) in malignant lesion, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value for galectin-3 were 87.5%, 61.1% ,66.7% and 84.6% and for HBME-1 were 68.8% ,88.9%,84.6% and 76.2%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Galectin-3 serves as an excellent sensitive marker of papillary carcinoma and HBME-1 as a specific marker of malignant thyroid tumor.