남성의 관점에서 본 노인 돌봄 경험과 역할전환에 관한 연구

최인희(In-Hee Choi),송효진(Hyo-Jean Song),지은숙(Eun-Sook Jee),정다은(Da-Eun Jung) 한국여성정책연구원 2016 한국여성정책연구원 연구보고서 Vol.2016 No.-

Ⅰ. 연구개요 1. 연구의 배경 및 목적 □ 최근 한국사회의 노인돌봄과 관련한 대표적인 변화는 ‘남성(남편, 아들 등)’이 독립적으로 일상생활을 영위하는데 제한이 있는 노인에게 돌봄을 제공하는 주된 역할을 수행하는 비율이 꾸준히 증가하고 있다는 점임. - 그러나, 기존 국내 노인돌봄 연구는 ‘여성’ 돌봄자의 돌봄 경험, 부양부담 및 부담경감 방안에 초점을 두고 수행되었으며, ‘돌봄의 주체’로서의 남성과 남성의 돌봄자로의 역할 전환(transition) 과정에 초점을 둔 연구는 제한적으로 수행됨. - 국외에서는 증가하는 남성돌봄자의 이슈를 탐색하기 위해 돌봄 수행방식 및 주돌봄자가 인지하는 노인돌봄 부담에 있어서의 성별차이(Akpinar et al., 2011; Montgomery, 1992; Pinquart & Sorensen, 2006; Stoller, 1992), 남성의 노인돌봄 경험(히라야마 료, 2015; Pretorius et al., 2009; Ribeiro et al., 2007; Sanders & Power, 2009) 및 남성성이 남성돌봄자들의 노인돌봄 경험에 미치는 영향(Baker et al., 2010; Russell, 2007) 등에 관한 다양한 연구가 진행된 바 있으며 국내에서도 노인을 돌보는 남성돌봄자에 대한 심층적 연구가 필요하다고 제안된 바 있으나(이순미·김혜경, 2009; 최희경, 2012a) 남성들의 돌봄 경험을 면밀히 탐색한 연구는 제한적으로 수행되었음. - 이에 본 연구는 남성들의 노인돌봄 경험을 남성의 관점에서 분석하고, 돌봄을 둘러싼 젠더정체성 및 가족관계 변화양상을 포착하여 선제적인 가족정책을 수립하는데 필요한 기초자료를 제공하고자 함. □ 본 연구의 목적은 남성(남편, 아들 등)에 의한 노인돌봄 현황 및 남성의 돌봄자로의 역할 전환 과정을 살펴보고, 이들의 정책지원 욕구를 파악하여 제도보완 및 남성 가족돌봄자를 위한 정책개발의 시사점을 제공하는 것임. 2. 연구의 주요 내용 □ 본 연구의 주요 연구문제는 다음과 같음. - 첫째, 배우자 또는 (조)부모를 돌보는 남성의 가족돌봄 현황(예: 돌봄기간, 시간, 돌봄 이유, 돌봄자 및 요보호노인의 건강상태, 사회적 지지망 등) 및 돌봄부담(burden)은 어떠한가? - 둘째, 남성이 배우자 또는 (조)부모를 돌보게 되면서 경험하게 된 변화(예: 관계적 측면, 돌봄의 의미 등)는 무엇인가? - 셋째, 배우자 또는 (조)부모를 돌보는 남성의 삶의 질은 어떠한가? - 넷째, 배우자 또는 (조)부모를 돌보는 남성의 가족돌봄 지원 정책(예: 노인장기요양보험제도 등)에 관한 인지도 및 이용 경험, 정책지원 욕구는 어떠한가? 3. 연구방법 □ 문헌 연구 - 본 연구에서는 남성의 노인 돌봄에 관한 국내외 선행연구 및 우리나라와 일본의 가족돌봄자 지원제도에 관한 자료를 검토하였음. □ 2차 통계자료 분석 - 2014년도 노인실태조사 (정경희 외, 2014)를 활용하여 요보호노인의 일상생활을 수행하는데 도움을 주는 사람, 가족원 중 가장 도움을 많이 준 사람 및 주당 돌봄시간 등을 분석하였음. □ 설문조사 및 분석 - 조사대상은 일상생활을 스스로 영위할 수 없는 55세 이상 노인을 조사시점에서 3개월 이상, 주당 15시간 이상 돌보고 있는 가족원 중 남성(남편, 아들 등) (N=247)으로 설정하였고, 구조화된 설문지를 이용하여 1:1 면접조사를 수행하였음. 조사표는 1) 가족 및 돌봄대상자 특성, 2) 돌봄현황, 3) 사회적 지지, 4) 응답자의 건강 및 경제활동, 5) 가치관 및 삶에 대한 태도, 6) 정책지원 욕구로 구성하였으며, 수집된 자료를 분석하여 남성의 돌봄 현황 및 돌봄 부담, 역할전환 과정, 돌봄지원 정책 및 서비스 이용 경험과 정책지원 욕구 등을 파악하였음. □ 심층면접 조사 및 분석 - 남성돌봄자의 돌봄 경험을 보다 입체적으로 파악하기 위해 일상생활을 독립적으로 영위할 수 없는 배우자 또는 부모를 조사시점에서 3개월 이상, 1주 평균 15시간 이상 돌보는 남성(17명)을 대상으로 1:1 면접을 수행하였음. 심층면접에서는 돌봄 상황 및 관계적 특성이 돌봄에 미치는 영향, 돌봄 경험의 의미, 돌봄지원 정책 및 서비스 이용 경험과 정책지원 욕구 등에 대해 살펴보았음. □ 전문가 자문회의 - 관련 분야 전문가를 대상으로 전문가 자문회의를 개최하여 연구설계 및 방법, 정책대안에 대한 관련 부처 및 전문가 자문의견을 수렴하였음. 4. 연구의 기대효과 및 한계점 □ 본 연구는 그동안 제한적으로 수행된 연구인 ‘남성’ 가족돌봄자의 노인돌봄 경험을 탐색하고, 학술적·정책적 시사점을 도출하였다는 점에서 연구의 의의를 찾을 수 있음. - 그러나, 노인을 돌보는 남성 가족돌봄자 모집단을 추정할 수 있는 자료의 부재로 임의할당추출에 의한 설문조사를 시행하여 결과를 일반화하는데 한계가 있음. - 남성돌봄자만을 대상으로 조사를 시행하여 여성돌봄자와의 돌봄 경험 및 부양부담의 차이를 직접적으로 비교하지 못 The number of male family caregivers in Korea, especially those providing spousal caregiving in old age, has been steadily increasing. However, since women have long predominated in the family caregiving role, few studies have explored the experience of caregiving by males in terms of the breadth and depth of care work and its meaning. The purpose of this study was to explore the caregiving experience of husbands and sons providing care to a spouse or parent(s) aged 55 and older who showed limitations in activities of daily living (ADL) or instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) for a period of at least six months. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were utilized for this study. Survey data were collected from a purposive sample of 247 male caregivers who served as the primary care providers for a dependent spouse or parent(s). Descriptive statistics and multivariate models were obtained using SPSS Statistics. In addition, semi-structured in-depth interviews with 17 male caregivers were conducted. For the qualitative analysis, a comprehensive content review of all data, including line-by-line analysis, was conducted. Informed consent was obtained from the participants. Some of the major findings are as follows: First of all, approximately one-fourth of respondents identified personal bonds as being their motivation for taking care of a dependent spouse or parent(s). The average caregiving period was around 47.7 months, and respondents spent approximately 34.1 hours per week on average on caregiving. Secondly, the majority of respondents in our sample reported that they experienced caregiving to be burdensome to some degree, especially in the areas of assistance with bathing (52.9%), voiding (49.5%), household management (44.6%), and meal preparation (50.6%). A significant number of respondents reported that one of the most difficult aspects of caregiving was balancing a personal life with the caregiving role, and most respondents stated that the initial phase of caregiving was the most difficult as they made the transition to the new role as caregiver and restructured their life. In addition, spousal caregivers generally experienced a higher level of caregiving burden compared to son caregivers since they are more likely to be older, unhealthier, and have fewer resources. However, a majority of male caregivers also found caregiving to be a very rewarding experience in that they felt useful (72.9%) by providing care to a dependent family member or they had grown closer to their dependent spouse or parent(s) as a result of the caring (54.7%). Thirdly, about 65% of respondents reported that they had secondary caregivers available to support them regularly in their caregiving. This finding supports previous research in which male caregivers were found to be more likely to have access to additional informal caregivers than were female caregivers. Fourth, although a significant number of respondents in our sample reported that they were aware of long-term care insurance (LTCI) benefits, the number of respondents who were receiving LTCI benefits was relatively smaller. Likewise, while approximately 80% of respondents reported being satisfied with the overall services available, the in-depth interview participants suggested that service adequacy, especially in-home care service, was insufficient for assisting family caregivers with balancing work life with the caregiving role. They also suggested that overall service quality should be improved to enhance quality of life among both older adults and family caregivers. However, in the regression analysis, use of LTCI benefits was not a predictor of male caregivers’ burdens.

하지 절단자 보행의 운동역학적 분석

임규찬,박윤서,배성제,정철수,신인식,김복영 師範大學 體育硏究所 1994 서울大學校 體育硏究所論集 Vol.15 No.2

This study was conducted to investigate the biomechanical characteristics of the gait pattern in an amputee for the purpose of improving the proper gait posture and designing the prosthetic. The subjects were six males amputees and one normal person. The ground reaction force was measured using AMTI force platform. The conclusions were as follows; 1. In case of amputee group, the ground reaction force was revealed in specific figure according to position in which they used the prosthetic, whereas in case of normal person the ground reaction force was revealed in the figure of two humps in regard of vertical axis. 2. In case of amputee group, the ground reaction force in time between fight foot contact and left foot contact was deviated from a figure of rectangle, whereas in case of normal person the ground reaction force was revealed in the figure of rectangle. 3. In case of amputee group, the ground reaction force referred to both feet angle point of view was revealed in irregular figure, whereas in case of normal person the ground reaction force was revealed about 47。

식물유지속의 Vitamin E의 양적인 변화

서지인,이미경 효성여자대학교 가정대학 학도호국단 1986 家政大論集 Vol.5 No.-

The purpose of this experiment is to investigate conservation of tocopherol in edible oils during storage. The dietary oils used in this study were soybean oil, corn oil, repeseed oil, perilla oil, sesame oil and one portion of each was kept at room temperature while another was in refregerator. The contents of total tocopherol in vegetable oils were in the order of corn oil, soybean oil, perilla oil, sesame oil, repeseed oil. Tocopherol content of soybean oil and corn oil were not different significantly bystorage condition, but those of repeseed oil, perilla oil and sesame oil were 30~50% higher when oils were stored in the refregerator than those kept at room temperature. Tocopherol in sesame oil was best conserved, when oil was kept refregerator, since the decrement was less than 10%. Therefore, it is recommended that perilla oil, sesame oil, repeseed oil be keptin refrigerator. These results suggest peroxide formation in oils is repressed both by low temperature and higher content of tocopherol conserved in oils by refrigeration.

대학생 운동선수의 역할 정체성 갈등에 관한 탐색

윤지인(Yoon, Jee-In),박승하(Park, Seung-Ha),김효미(Kim, Hyo-Mi) 한국체육과학회 2015 한국체육과학회지 Vol.24 No.5

The purpose of this study was to explore the identity conflict among winter sports student athletes. This study used a phenomenological framework to explore the research questions. A total of 6 female winter sports student athletes participated in the individual in-depth interview with one of the authors. First, whereas college student athletes have identified positive aspects of adapting a student identity, they admitted that they have been struggling with problems while they acquire the new identity. Second, this study found that there can be two different types of multiple role identity conflict. The first dimension we found was the identity conflict in between ‘student’ and ‘athlete.’ The other conflict was related to the identity confusion between the role as a family member (e.g., inside the home) and as a person participating in athletic competition (e.g., in training). In conclusion, while winter sports student athletes faced with problems in college life, they have identified positiveness of being a college student athlete. Also, we found that they also have multi role identity conflict as a student, an athlete, and a family member. More research is needed to gain information about how student athletes perceive their different roles in life and how we better accommodate their situation.

원발성 위장관 임파종의 임상적 고찰

윤진우,한지숙,고윤웅,박인서,최응재,주승행,김태승 大韓血液學會 1983 大韓血液學會誌 Vol.18 No.2

한국인 건선환자에서 발병하는 질환에 대한 연구 - 다기관 연구

김광호(Kwang Ho Kim),전현진(Hyun Jin Jeon),김광중(Kwang Joong Kim),윤재일(Jai Il Youn),김낙인(Nack In Kim),김태윤(Tae Yoon Kim),최지호(Jee Ho Choi),박기범(Ki Beom Park) 대한피부과학회 2001 대한피부과학회지 Vol.39 No.7

N/A Background: The prevalence of other diseases associated with psoriasis has been investigated in recent years. Objective: This study was performed to see diseases associated with psoriasis in Korea. Methods: From September 1999 to May 2000, a total of 293 patients with psoriasis, who visited the department of dermatology in 6 hospitals, were enrolled in a subject group for the study. We surveyed the incidence rates of associated diseases. Results: In our study, diseases more concomitantly present in patients with psoriasis were dermatophyte infection, seborrhea dermatitis and benign tumor & nevus in skin diseases and obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, gastritis and hepatitis in systemic diseases. Less concomitantly present in-patients with psoriasis were erythroderma, acne, contact dermatitis, atomic dermatitis, bacterial infection, tonsillitis, and internal cancer. Conclusion: Our observations show a distinct pattern of diseases associated with psoriasis in Korea. Further investigation will be mandatory to elucidate concomitant diseases in psoriasis. (Korean J Dermatol 2001;39 (7): 743~748)

계층구조를 갖는 정보의 시각화 기법

김지인 건국대학교 산업기술연구원 1999 건국기술연구논문지 Vol.24 No.-

There have been many approaches which aim to effectively display huge information from the Internet on limited space of a computer monitor screen. As a result, many sorts of representation techniques have been developed. However, they have not been successful in showing such huge information structures in a single screen. We designed and implemented an idea of displaying huge information through a non-Euclidean space, namely Hyperbolic Space, in this paper. The bookmark information of a Web browser is visualized via Hyperbolic Tree and displayed in a single screen. We developed tools for importing bookmark files, visualizing the bookmark information, and highlighting sites, where a specific user visits frequently, by introducing a new type of node, namely FVS (Frequently Visited Sites). The tools are designed and implemented in order to improve the usability of Web browsers such as Netscape and Explorer.

도서지역의 우수집수 시스템 개발 : 제주지역을 중심으로 Focus in Cheju Island

전인배,허창환,지홍기 대한상하수도학회 2002 상하수도학회지 Vol.16 No.2

This study aims at the development of rainwater harvesting system in an island where rainwater used to supply domestic water. To accomplish this purpose, Cheju island was chosen as the study area and designed the roof area. The storage tank size of the rainwater harvesting system was based on the results of frequency analysis with actual rainfall and domestic water data. The theory of frequency was used in this analysis to design a stable rainwater harvesting system. It found that Generalized Logistic (GLO) distribution was suitable in the result of frequency analysis. Security rates (80, 90, 99%) used to remedy a defect of designed rainwater harvesting system according to return period was solved the water deficiency. Therefore, developed rainwater harvesting system in this study can be provided the solution which is reduced surface runoff in wet period and supplied water in dry period. This system is effective way of water management in islands.

Functional dissection of astrocyte-secreted proteins: Implications in brain health and diseases

Jha, Mithilesh Kumar,Kim, Jong-Heon,Song, Gyun Jee,Lee, Won-Ha,Lee, In-Kyu,Lee, Ho-Won,An, Seong Soo A.,Kim, SangYun,Suk, Kyoungho Elsevier 2018 Progress in neurobiology Vol.162 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Astrocytes, which are homeostatic cells of the central nervous system (CNS), display remarkable heterogeneity in their morphology and function. Besides their physical and metabolic support to neurons, astrocytes modulate the blood-brain barrier, regulate CNS synaptogenesis, guide axon pathfinding, maintain brain homeostasis, affect neuronal development and plasticity, and contribute to diverse neuropathologies via secreted proteins. The identification of astrocytic proteome and secretome profiles has provided new insights into the maintenance of neuronal health and survival, the pathogenesis of brain injury, and neurodegeneration. Recent advances in proteomics research have provided an excellent catalog of astrocyte-secreted proteins. This review categorizes astrocyte-secreted proteins and discusses evidence that astrocytes play a crucial role in neuronal activity and brain function. An in-depth understanding of astrocyte-secreted proteins and their pathways is pivotal for the development of novel strategies for restoring brain homeostasis, limiting brain injury/inflammation, counteracting neurodegeneration, and obtaining functional recovery.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Astrocytes are important regulators of brain functions, and crucial functions are executed via astrocyte-secreted proteins. </LI> <LI> Astrocyte-secreted proteins play key roles in physiological processes and execute both detrimental and beneficial actions in CNS disorders. </LI> <LI> Understanding the many functions of astrocyte-secreted proteins under specific spatiotemporal conditions may lead to major advancements in astrocyte biology. </LI> <LI> Functional dissection of astrocyte-secreted proteins can facilitate the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for neurological disorders. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

상악동에 발생한 동석의 증례보고

고지영,김선용,조정신,박창서,신인숙,이장렬,김기덕 大韓口腔顎顔面 放射線學會 1994 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.24 No.1

The antrolith is a rare disease in the maxillary sinus. We experienced a 67-year-old female whose chief complaint was intermittent dull pain of clinical, radiological and histological findings, we diagnosed it as antrolith in the left maxillary sinus and obtained results as follows : 1. Three radiopaque substances in the left maxillary sinus was revealed as "Antroliths" 2. These antroliths were movable in the left maxillary antrum and combined with maxillary sinusitis. 3. We supposed it internal origin of nidus in this case.