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A Universal Craniometric Index for Establishing the Diagnosis of Basilar Invagination
Jayesh Sardhara,Sanjay Behari,Suyash Singh,Arun K. Srivastava,Gaurav Chauhan,Hira Lal,Kuntal K. Das,Kamlesh Singh Bhaisora,Anant Mehrotra,Prabhakar Mishra,Awadhesh K. Jaiswal 대한척추신경외과학회 2021 Neurospine Vol.18 No.1
Objective: The conventional criteria for defining the basilar invagination (BI) focus on the relationship of odontoid tip to basion and opisthion, landmarks that are intrinsically variable especially in presence of occipitalised atlas. A universal single reference line is proposed that helps in unequivocally establishing the diagnosis of BI, may be relevant in establishing both Goel types A and B BI, as well as in differentiating a ‘very high’ from ‘regular’ BI. Methods: Study design – case-control study. In 268 patients (group I with BI [n=89] including Goel type A BI [n=66], Goel type B BI [n=23], and group II controls [n=179]), the perpendicular distance between odontoid tip and line subtended between posterior tip of hard palate-internal occipital protuberance (P-IOP line) was measured. Logistic regression analysis determined factors influencing the proposed parameter (p<0.05). Results: In patients with a ‘very high’ BI (n=5), the odontoid tip intersected/or was above the P-IOP line. In patients with a ‘regular’ BI (n=84), the odontoid tip was 6.56±3.9mm below the P-IOP line; while in controls, this distance was 12.53±4.28 mm (p<0.01). In Goel type A BI, the distance was 7.01±3.78 mm and in type B BI, it was 5.07±4.19 mm (p=0.004). Receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis identified 9.0 mm (8.92–9.15 mm) as the cut-point for diagnosing BI using the odontoid tip-P-IOP line distance as reference. Conclusion: The odontoid tip either intersecting the P-IOP line (very high BI) or being <9 mm below the P-IOP line (Goel types A and B BI) is recommended as highly applicable criteria to establish the diagnosis of BI. This parameter may be useful in establishing the diagnosis in all varieties of BI.
Acute and 28-days subacute toxicity studies of Gαq-RGS2 signaling inhibitor
Jayesh V. Beladiya,Anita A. Mehta 한국실험동물학회 2021 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.37 No.3
Background The aim of study was to evaluate the single oral dose and 28 day repeated oral administration toxicity profile of the synthetic compound Gαq-RGS2 signaling inhibitor, (1-(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1 H-1,2,4-triazol-5(4 H)-one) as per OECD guideline 425 (2008a) and 407 (2008b), respectively. Results In acute toxicity study, a single oral dose administration of Gαq-RGS2 signaling inhibitor did not show any mortality at doses of 5, 50, 300 and 2000 mg/kg within 24 h and 14 days. The treatment of Gαq-RGS2 signaling inhibitor at dose 10 and 100 mg/kg for 28 days did not show any mortality, significant changes in the increase of body weight, various organ damage markers, hematological parameters, relative organ/body weight ratio and microscopic anatomical texture of essential organs as compared to vehicle and normal control. Conclusions A single oral administration of Gαq-RGS2 signaling inhibitor up to dose of 2000 mg/kg in mice and repeated administration of Gαq-RGS2 signaling inhibitor at higher dose 100 mg/kg for 28 days in the rats is safe.
Jayesh Subhash Chordiya,Ram Vinoy Sharma 대한기계학회 2019 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.33 No.5
Partitions in porous enclosure have been observed to offer a key solution for reduction of heat transfer rate across it. However, very little is known about the effect of its shape, position and orientation within the porous enclosure, which seems to be an important consideration for thermal designers. The present numerical investigation reports the effect of a corrugated diathermal partition within a fluid saturated porous enclosure. The objective is to comprehend the effect of the amplitude of the corrugated partition (0.05 ≤ A ≤ 0.25) and position of the partition (0.2 ≤ D ≤ 0.8) for various values of Darcy-modified Rayleigh number (10 ≤ Ra ≤ 1000) on natural convection fluid flow and heat transfer. An overall II-order finite difference method has been used to solve the Darcy model for porous media using successive accelerated replacement scheme. It is found that value of amplitude for which the least value of Nusselt number is obtained shifts to a lower side as value of modified Rayleigh number increases i.e., amplitude decreases from 0.16 to 0.025 as Ra changes from 100 to 1000. For higher values of Rayleigh number, the reduction in Nusselt number is about 61% with respect to porous enclosure without partition, which is very substantial.
Puthumana, Jayesh,Lee, Min-Chul,Park, Jun Chul,Kim, Hui-Su,Hwang, Dae-Sik,Han, Jeonghoon,Lee, Jae-Seong Elsevier 2017 Aquatic toxicology Vol.184 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>To evaluate the effects of ultraviolet B (UV-B) radiation at the developmental, reproductive, and molecular levels in aquatic invertebrates, we measured UV-B-induced acute toxicity, impairments in developmental and reproductive traits, and UV-B interaction with the entire family of cytochrome P450 (<I>CYP</I>) genes in the intertidal benthic copepod <I>Tigriopus japonicus</I>. We found a significant, dose-dependent reduction (<I>P<</I> 0.05) in the survival of <I>T. japonicus</I> that began as a developmental delay and decreased fecundity. The 48h LD10 and LD50 were 1.35 and 1.84kJ/m<SUP>2</SUP>, and the CYP inhibitor (PBO) elevated mortality, confirming the involvement of <I>CYP</I> genes in UV-B induced toxicity. Low-dose UV-B (1.5kJ/m<SUP>2</SUP>) induced developmental delays, and higher doses (6–18kJ/m<SUP>2</SUP>) caused reproductive impairments in ovigerous females. The significant up-regulation of <I>CYP</I> genes belonging to clans 2/3/MT/4/20 in <I>T. japonicus</I> exposed to UV-B (12kJ/m<SUP>2</SUP>) confirmed molecular interaction between UV-B and <I>CYP</I> genes. Moreover, orphan CYPs, such as <I>CYP20A1</I>, provide good insight on the deorphanization of invertebrate <I>CYPs</I>. Overall, these results demonstrate the involvement of UV-B radiation in the expression of all the <I>CYP</I> genes in <I>T. japonicus</I> and their susceptibility to UV-B radiation. This will provide a better understanding of the mechanistic effects of UV-B in copepods through the predicted AhR-mediated up-regulation of <I>CYP</I> genes.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Impaired effects of UV-B on the copepod <I>Tigriopus japonicus</I> were examined. </LI> <LI> Modulation of entire CYP genes were analyzed in response to UV-B. </LI> <LI> CYP inhibitor (PBO) confirmed the role of CYP in UV-B induced mortality. </LI> <LI> Low-dose UV-B found induce developmental delays, and higher doses cause reproductive impairments. </LI> <LI> Study predicted the mechanistic effects of UV-B in copepods through the AhR-mediated up-regulation of <I>CYP</I> genes. </LI> </UL> </P>
S. Jayesh,Jacob Elias 대한금속·재료학회 2020 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.26 No.1
Lead cannot be used in the solder material anymore due to environmental legislations which is related to the inherent toxicityof lead. This paper investigates the effect of silver (Ag) addition on the melting behavior, microstructure, and microhardnessof Ternary lead free solder alloy Sn–0.5Cu–3Bi. The contact angle between Sn–0.5Cu–3Bi and Cu-substrate were alsoanalyzed. Samples with different Ag percentages (0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0 wt%) in Sn–0.5Cu–3Bi were prepared using aninduction furnace, annealing furnace with argon gas. Tests were conducted for melting temperature using TG–DTA analysis,chemical composition using ICP–OES, Hardness using Vickers’s hardness tester and the microstructure using Field emissionscanning electron microscopy. The obtained results were thoroughly analyzed. The results show that the Ag addition hasstriking positive effects on enhancing the properties of the base solder alloy. Melting point is found to be decreasing withthe increase in Ag content. Hardness and contact angle were improved with the addition of Ag. The microstructure observationsrevealed that the Ag was uniformly distributed on the surface of the solder matrix. The recommended content of theAg to be added into the Sn–0.5Cu–3Bi solder alloy is 1.0 wt%. With the observed better properties it can be considered asthe potential alternative to lead–tin alloy.
Jain, Jayesh R.,Ghosh, Somnath Techno-Press 2008 Interaction and multiscale mechanics Vol.1 No.2
This paper develops a 3D homogenization based continuum damage mechanics (HCDM) model for fiber reinforced composites undergoing micromechanical damage under monotonic and cyclic loading. Micromechanical damage in a representative volume element (RVE) of the material occurs by fiber-matrix interfacial debonding, which is incorporated in the model through a hysteretic bilinear cohesive zone model. The proposed model expresses a damage evolution surface in the strain space in the principal damage coordinate system or PDCS. PDCS enables the model to account for the effect of non-proportional load history. The loading/unloading criterion during cyclic loading is based on the scalar product of the strain increment and the normal to the damage surface in strain space. The material constitutive law involves a fourth order orthotropic tensor with stiffness characterized as a macroscopic internal variable. Three dimensional damage in composites is accounted for through functional forms of the fourth order damage tensor in terms of components of macroscopic strain and elastic stiffness tensors. The HCDM model parameters are calibrated from homogenization of micromechanical solutions of the RVE for a few representative strain histories. The proposed model is validated by comparing results of the HCDM model with pure micromechanical analysis results followed by homogenization. Finally, the potential of HCDM model as a design tool is demonstrated through macro-micro analysis of monotonic and cyclic damage progression in composite structures.