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Hydroxyapatite Derived from Marine Resources and their Potential Biomedical Applications
Jayachandran Venkatesan,Sukumaran Anil 한국생물공학회 2021 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.26 No.3
Utilization of bone graft substitutes have increased due to the rising number of accidents, trauma, and aging population. Autograft is still considered as a gold standard for treating bone defects. However, limitations such as insufficient donor sites and secondary surgery, leads to the development of alternative grafts. Hydroxyapatite (HA) from natural resources gained much attention in recent years as a bone graft substitute due to its biocompatibility, excellent osteointegration, osteoconductive, and osteoinductive properties. In the current review, we have presented the isolation procedures of HA from marine fishbone and cuttlefish bone. Further, composite preparation using marine derived HA with other polymeric and ceramic materials were discussed, and cell-materials interaction were reviewed in detail towards bone tissue construction. Composite biomaterials with HA showed better cell proliferation, cell adhesion, increased gene expression (collagen, osteocalcin, osteopontin, bone sialoprotein, BMP- 2 etc.), and in vivo studies demonstrated significant bone formation with HA composite materials. Hence, composite biomaterials with hydroxyapatite will be potential candidates for artificial synthetic bone graft substitute.
Jayachandran, S. Arul,Gopalakrishnan, S.,Narayanan, R. Techno-Press 2001 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.12 No.3
The postbuckling behaviour of thin plates is an important phenomenon in the design of thin plated structures. In reality plates possess small imperfections and the behaviour of such imperfect plates is of great interest. To numerically study the postbuckling behaviour of imperfect plates explicit incremental or secant matrices have been presented in this paper. These matrices can be used in combination with any thin plate element. The secant matrices are shown to be very accurate in tracing the postbuckling behaviour of thin plates.
Hydroxyapatite from Cuttlefish Bone: Isolation, Characterizations, and Applications
Jayachandran Venkatesan,Rekha P. D.,Sukumaran Anil,Ira Bhatnagar,Sudha P. N.,Chutiwan Dechsakulwatana,김세권,심민석 한국생물공학회 2018 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.23 No.4
Hydroxyapatite (HA), a bioceramic, is a widely utilized material for bone tissue repair and regeneration because of its excellent properties such as biocompatibility, exceptional mechanical strength, and osteoconductivity. HA can be obtained by both synthetic and natural means. Animal bones are often considered a promising natural resource for the preparation of pure HA for biological and biomedical applications. Cuttlefish bone, also called as cuttlebone, mainly consists of calcium carbonate, and pure HA can be produced by adding phosphoric acid or ammonium hydrogen phosphate to it. Recently, cuttlefish bone-derived HA has shown promising results in terms of bone tissue repair and regeneration. The synthesized cuttlefish bone-derived has shown excellent biocompatibility, cell proliferation, increased alkaline phosphate activity, and efficient biomineralization ability with mesenchymal stem cells and osteoblastic cells. To further improve the biological properties of cuttlefish bone-derived HA, bioglass, polycaprolactone, and polyvinyl alcohol were added to it, which gave better results in terms of cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. Cuttlefish bone-derived HA with polymeric substances provides excellent bone formation under in vivo conditions. The studies indicate that cuttlefish bone-derived HA, along with polymeric and, protein materials, will be promising biomaterials in the field of bone tissue regeneration.
1, 25-(OH)2D3 protects against ER stress and miRNA dysregulation in Mus musculus neurons
Jayachandran Parvathy,Koshy Linda,Sudhakaran Perumana R.,Nair Govindapillai Mohanadasan,Gangaprasad Appukuttan Nair,Nair Ananthakrishnan Jayakumaran 한국유전학회 2022 Genes & Genomics Vol.44 No.12
Background: The pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) is closely associated with cellular oxidative stress which can result in the accumulation of toxic proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) leading to ER stress and subsequent unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling, a mechanism that aggravate these disorders. Vitamin D has been suggested to have important neuroprotective role and its administration has been shown to reduce neuronal injury, neurotoxicity and oxidative stress in various animal systems. Objective: The current study was undertaken to examine the effect of vitamin D3 on UPR in ER stress induced Mus musculus neuronal cells. Methods: Mus musculus cortical and hippocampal primary neuronal cultures were pretreated with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1, 25-(OH)2D3), the active form of vitamin D, followed by ER stress induction with a chemical ER stress inducer thapsigargin and with an advanced glycated protein, AGE-BSA. The UPR genes and related microRNAs (miRNA) expressions were analyzed mainly using real-time PCR. Results: The experiment resulted in the suppression of ER stress marker BiP and UPR pathway genes such as Perk, Ire1α, Chop and Puma which mediate cellular apoptosis indicating the protective effect of 1, 25-(OH)2D3 against neuronal ER stress. Further studies into the molecular aspects showed that ER stress mediated down-regulated expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) such as mmu-miR-24, 27b, 124, 224, 290, 351 and 488 which are known to regulate the UPR pathway genes were also reduced with vitamin pretreatment, of which the miRNAs miR-24 and 27b which shares the same cluster are potentially involved in various human diseases. Conclusion: This study emphasizes the therapeutic role of vitamin D in reducing neuronal ER stress and the need for maintaining sufficient amount of this vitamin in our diet.
Combination of Nano-Hydroxyapatite with Stem Cells for Bone Tissue Engineering
Venkatesan, Jayachandran,Lowe, Baboucarr,Anil, Sukumaran,Kim, Se-Kwon,Shim, Min Suk American Scientific Publishers 2016 Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Vol.16 No.9
<P>Tissue engineering seeks to exploit functional biomaterials and engineer them to serve as artificial templates that promote the regeneration of tissues and damaged organs. Engineered scaffold materials recapitulate the extracellular matrix and provide cells with information essential for tissue development. Nanotechnologies make use of the material at the nanoscale for targeted interactions at molecular levels and deliver biochemical cues for cell growth required for tissue formation. In bone tissue engineering, nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA), which is a calcium phosphate-based material, is extensively used as a bone defect substitute to mimic the natural bioceramic portion of bone. nHA can be functionalized in the form of composite scaffolds along with other polymers, ceramic, and growth factors to enable bone tissue regeneration. In addition, the material directs stem cell differentiation into specific lineages. This stem cell-based therapy is a prominent approach in organ development and tissue regeneration. Here, we examine nHA interactions with stem cells in the form of designed scaffolds and offer important considerations about the fundamental challenges and prospects for its application in bone tissue engineering.</P>
Marguerre shell type secant matrices for the postbuckling analysis of thin, shallow composite shells
Arul Jayachandran, S.,Kalyanaraman, V.,Narayanan, R. Techno-Press 2004 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.18 No.1
The postbuckling behaviour of thin shells has fascinated researchers because the theoretical prediction and their experimental verification are often different. In reality, shell panels possess small imperfections and these can cause large reduction in static buckling strength. This is more relevant in thin laminated composite shells. To study the postbuckling behaviour of thin, imperfect laminated composite shells using finite elements, explicit incremental or secant matrices have been presented in this paper. These incremental matrices which are derived using Marguerre's shallow shell theory can be used in combination with any thin plate/shell finite element (Classical Laminated Plate Theory - CLPT) and can be easily extended to the First Order Shear deformation Theory (FOST). The advantage of the present formulation is that it involves no numerical approximation in forming total potential energy of the shell during large deformations as opposed to earlier approximate formulations published in the literature. The initial imperfection in shells could be modeled by simply adjusting the ordinate of the shell forms. The present formulation is very easy to implement in any existing finite element codes. The secant matrices presented in this paper are shown to be very accurate in tracing the postbuckling behaviour of thin isotropic and laminated composite shells with general initial imperfections.