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Effect of Antimitotic Agent Colchicine on In Vitro Regeneration of Watermelon
Jaskani Muhammad J.,Raza H.,Khan M. M.,Kwon Sung W. The Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology 2004 Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research Vol.6 No.4
In vitro cultures of watermelon were treated with antimitotic agent colchicine to induce ploidy alterations, particularly the induction of tetraploids. Explants cotyledon, embryonic end of seed, transverse sections of epicotyl and hypocotyl were cultured on MS media supplemented with BA ($1{\mu}M$) and colchicine ($0.01\%,\;0.05\%\;and\;0.1\%$). Explants were subcultured on colchicine free media after 4 and 7 days. Colchicine had negative effect on in vitro regeneration but this exhibited explants related response. However, hypocotyl section of seedlings induced maximum callus on $0.01\%$ colchicine. Shoot proliferation was more in cotyledon explants cultured on colchicine ($0.01\%$) for four days. Maximum root induction and root number were recorded in embryonic end explants. Overall, cotyledon and embryonic end explants, and low colchicine concentration ($0.01\%$) was found optimal in watermelon regeneration.
Seed Enhancements to Improve Germination of Tetraploid Watermelon
Muhammad J. Jaskani,Sung Whan Kwon,Gong Joon Lee,Dae Hyang Kim 한국원예학회 2005 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.46 No.2
Seeds of polyploid watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) often germinate poorly and thus need certain methods to improve germination. Diploid and tetraploid seeds of SS-8 and SS-11 lines were subjected to several treatments prior to germination at 30°C, including nicking at radicle end and soaking in distilled water, H₂O₂ (1 or 2%), gibberellic acid (0.5 or 5 mM), benzyladenine (0.5 or 5 mM) or KNO3 (3%) for 4 h, followed by drying for 5 days at 20℃ with 40% relative humidity. Seed reserves and water uptake pattern were also evaluated in different ploidy seeds. Protein and starch contents in seeds were high in the order of tetraploid, diploid, and triploid. The tetraploid seeds had higher dry and wet mass than its diploid counterparts. Moreover, the tetraploid seeds were partially filled with cotyledons and had 42-51% larger cavities than the diploid seeds. Water uptake was recorded high in the tetraploid seeds, however, the patterns of water uptake were similar. Seed treatments, nicking, and presoaking in distilled water and 2% H₂O₂ enhanced the germination of the tetraploid seeds with different genotypic responses.
Induction and Characterization of Tetraploid Watermelon
Muhammad J. Jaskani,Sung Whan Kwon,Gab Cheon Koh,Yun Chan Huh,Bok Rai Ko 한국원예학회 2004 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.45 No.2
Diploid watermelon lines were treated with colchicine to develop tetraploid seed parents. Seedlings of ten diploid lines were raised and injected twice with colchicine (0.2, 0.4, and 0.6%) for 3 consecutive days at emergence of true leaves. Watermelon lines responded differently for colchicine concentrations but showed maximum mortality at 0.6% colchicine. The treated seedlings were evaluated on the basis of chloroplast count, DNA content and morphology. The chloroplast counts in each side of guard cells ranged 5-7 and 10-12 in diploids and tetraploids, respectively. Several plants characterized as tetraploids on the basis of chloroplast count did not prove their tetraploidy on flow cytometric test. The efficacy of treatments indicated that 0.2% colchicine produced more polyploids. However, the recovery of solid tetraploids varied 3.3 to 5.5% in different lines. Tetraploid plants yielded higher leaf area and male flower size than diploids. Pollen morphology showed 3 and 4 colpi in diploids and tetraploids, respectively.