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한국 수출기업의 인터넷 무역 동기 및 성과에 관한 실증연구
최장우(Jangwoo Choi) 한국관세학회 2001 관세학회지 Vol.2 No.1
Internet-based Trade(IT) is drastically changing classical international business paradigms. In particular, under the new environment, the ability to utilize an information technology tool such as the Internet is emerging as an important factor in deciding the competitiveness of export businesses. Korean businesses have adopted the Internet since the mid-1990s in order to reshape their competitiveness, and it is now being utilized as an export marketing instrument to develop new customers, market export products, save export costs, and facilitate new work processes. However, at present, the use of the Internet in the field of trading is limited to the collection of marketplace information and the facilitation of contract-making, owing to legal, technical and institutional restraints between countries. Nevertheless, with the evolution of the trading environment, the application of the Internet is expected to permeate every aspect of trading, including payment and transportation systems, within the near future. Many companies in developed countries, including the US, are making efforts to enhance their competitiveness through the application of Internet e-commerce with the active support of the government sector and the academic world. Korea, in this respect, lags behind in terms of systemic support and academic research in this area despite the country's considerable dependence on international trade. With this in mind, the objective of this research is to provide an academic basis for this field and suggest approaches to facilitating and supporting trading on the Internet, through the investigation of current Internet trading practices and the motivations and results gained by export companies. Toward this end, a research model and hypothesis is developed, based on a previous studies related to information technology, i.e., Internet and e-commerce etc.. A field survey was conducted with export businesses that have adopted the Internet and their responses were analyzed in a three-step process. Specifically, this paper examines the relation between (1) company characteristics and motivations for trading on the Internet under correlation analysis and the X² test, (2) motivations for the Internet Trade and the corresponding results under canonical correlation analysis, and (3) the extent to which trading on Internet is utilized and the corresponding results under correlation analysis. The major findings of this research are summarized as follows. Firstly, this research reveals that while there is often statistical correlation between the internal characteristics of company and its motivation for trading on Internet, there is correlation between proportion of export business, region of export market and company size except experience in information system. This research also reveals that motivation for trading on the Internet has statistically meaningful correlation with maturity of the industry, customer needs, and recommendations from the government sector in terms of the external characteristics of company. This result shows that companies with higher level of maturity have stronger motivations for trading on the Internet compared to less mature companies. It also shows that motivation for trading on the Internet has a close relation with customer needs and support and from the government sector. Secondly, the hypothesis on the correlation between motivation for trading on Internet and results is supported. In other words, motivation to adopt trading on Internet by domestic companies is mainly for the collection of overseas market information, sourcing of new customers, marketing of export products, information collection on trends within the industry and other competitors, reduction in export negotiation time, understanding of customer's need, saving on export cost, reduction of export working time, and development of export work process. These efforts have brought various effects to company,
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Lee, Jangwoo,Choi, Kyungho,Park, Jeongim,Moon, Hyo-Bang,Choi, Gyuyeon,Lee, Jeong Jae,Suh, Eunsook,Kim, Hai-Joong,Eun, So-Hee,Kim, Gun-Ha,Cho, Geum Joon,Kim, Sung Koo,Kim, Sungjoo,Kim, Su Young,Kim, Se Elsevier 2018 Science of the Total Environment Vol.626 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Bisphenol A (BPA) exposure during the perinatal and postnatal periods increases the susceptibility to disease over the life cycle. However, information on the BPA delivered to fetuses or infants via the placenta and breastfeeding is limited. We determined the BPA exposure levels in various bodily fluids and tissues of pregnant women and described fetus and infant exposures to BPA based on associations and BPA ratios in mother–neonate paired samples. Maternal serum, urine, placenta, breast milk, cord serum, and neonatal urine samples were collected from 318 mother–neonate pairs at six university hospitals in Korea. BPA levels were detected using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The ratios of the BPA levels in the other sample types to the levels in maternal serum were calculated. BPA was detected in 79.5–100% of the maternal and fetal samples. The median BPA concentration in the samples decreased in the order of neonatal urine (4.75ng/mL), maternal urine (2.86ng/mL), cord serum (1.71ng/mL), maternal serum (1.56ng/mL), breast milk (0.74ng/mL), and the placenta (0.53ng/g). We estimated the ratios of BPA levels in the other sample types to those in maternal serum. The median (95th percentile) cord serum-to-maternal serum ratio was 1.12 (15.2) for 160 mother–fetal pairs, in which BPA was detected in both samples. The placenta-, maternal urine-, neonatal urine-, and breast milk-to-maternal serum ratios were 0.28 (5.31), 1.79 (29.9), 1.98 (28.2), and 0.51 (10.5), respectively. In addition, the median (95th percentile) cord serum-to-placenta ratio was 4.03 (45.8), and the neonatal urine-to-cord serum ratio was 1.95 (25.6). The 95th percentile values were 14–20-fold greater than the medians. Urine contained the highest BPA concentrations, followed by serum, breast milk, and the placenta. The variations of BPA ratio show individual differences in the amounts of BPA delivered from mother to fetus.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Not enough data on tissue distribution of BPA in mother‑neonate (or fetus) pair </LI> <LI> The order of BPA concentrations in examined tissue or bio-samples are urine in mother and neonates>cord serum>maternal serum>breast milk>placenta. </LI> <LI> BPA in cord serum, significantly associated with in maternal serum and urine but not in others. </LI> <LI> The variations of BPA ratio show individual differences in the amounts of BPA delivered from mother to fetus. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
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최장우(Jangwoo Choi) 한국관세학회 2002 관세학회지 Vol.3 No.1
The purpose of the paper is to understand the current situations and tasks of e-Trade Network which has been recently developing by some countries in East Asia. To maximize the advantages of e-Trade and expand it rapidly into the neighboring countries, the e-Trade Network such as each country's trade EDI system and B2B e-Marketplace shall be connected closely as soon as possible. In these circumstances, some kinds of efforts including the establishment of Pan Asian e-Trade Network between seven countries in East Asia and mutual linkage of trade EDI system between Korea and Japan have been tried under the positive and active support and participation of the governments and the concerned companies.
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Lee, Inae,Kim, Sunmi,Park, Suhyeon,Mok, Sori,Jeong, Yunsun,Moon, Hyo-Bang,Lee, Jangwoo,Kim, Sungkyoon,Kim, Hai-Joong,Choi, Gyuyeon,Choi, Sooran,Kim, Su Young,Lee, Aram,Park, Jeongim,Choi, Kyungho Elsevier BV 2019 Science of the Total Environment Vol.688 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Chemicals such as phthalates and phenolics have been associated with metabolic markers in humans. However, most studies have only looked at a limited number of chemicals, and little is known about their potential effects on adipokines in humans. In the present study, the associations between dozens of urinary chemicals, including phthalate metabolites and phenolics, and markers related to insulin resistance as well as major adipokines, were assessed among the women of reproductive age (<I>n</I> = 459, between 20 and 48 years of age) recruited from major cities in Korea between 2015 and 2016. Adipokines such as adiponectin and leptin, and insulin resistance related markers such as glucose and insulin, were analyzed in serum. Associations between urinary chemicals and the adipokines or insulin resistance related markers were assessed in two steps. First, ordinary least squares (OLS) regression was used to assess the association of each urinary chemical with the adipokines or insulin resistance related markers (single-pollutant model). Second, several chemicals were selected using elastic net regression and were subsequently analyzed with OLS regression model (multi-pollutant model), considering simultaneous exposure to multiple chemicals. In both single- and multi-pollutant models, several urinary chemicals consistently showed significant associations with adipokines or the insulin resistance related markers. The sum of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate metabolites (ΣDEHPm) and ethyl paraben (EtP) were associated with increased serum adiponectin levels. Urinary ΣDEHPm levels also showed positive associations with fasting glucose. Moreover, urinary mono-methyl phthalate (MMP), mono-isobutyl phthalate (MiBP), and bisphenol S (BPS) levels showed positive associations with the homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Interestingly, urinary propyl paraben (PrP) levels showed a negative association with HOMA-IR, in both models. Our observations show that among many consumer chemicals, phthalates may affect serum adipokines, and thus glucose, and insulin resistance in adult females. Further confirmation is warranted in other populations.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Urinary chemicals and metabolism related markers were measured in women of reproductive age. </LI> <LI> Multiple chemicals were considered in statistical models for adipokines and insulin resistance. </LI> <LI> Sum of DEHP metabolites and EtP were positively associated with serum adiponectin levels. </LI> <LI> Sum of DEHP metabolites was significantly associated with increased fasting glucose. </LI> <LI> MiBP was significantly associated with for increased HOMA-IR. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
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JangWoo Lee,YoungLim Kho,SungKyoon Kim,Kyungho Choi,SeongHee Hwang,Jeeyeon Jeong,Pangyi Ki 한국환경보건학회 2013 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.39 No.5
Objectives: Phthalates are used as plasticizers in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastics. As phthalate plasticizers are not chemically bound to the PVC, they can leach, migrate or evaporate into indoor air and atmosphere, foodstuffs, other materials, etc. Therefore, humans are exposed through ingestion, inhalation, and dermal exposure over their entire lifetime, including during intrauterine development. In particular, university students have a great number of opportunities to contact products including phthalates during campus life (food packaging, body care products, cosmetic, lotions, aftershave, perfume etc.). The purpose of this study was to examine levels of phthalate exposure as undergraduate students begin to use pharmaceuticals and personal care products including phthalates. Methods: Phthalate metabolites, mono-ethyl phthalate (MEP), mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP), mono-isobutyl phthalate (MiBP), mono-2- ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP), {(mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP}, and mono-(2-ethlyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP} were examined. 80 urine samples collected from university students were analyzed using LC/MS/MS(API 4000, Applied Bioscience) with on-line enrichment and columnswitching techniques. This study was carried out at Y university located in Gyonggi Province from 2008 to 2011. Results: The detection limit of phthalate metabolites were 0.03 ng/mL for MEP, 0.11 ng/mL for MnBP, 0.08 ng/mL for MiBP, 0.93 ng/mL for MEHP, 0.19 ng/mL for MEOHP and 0.16ng/mL for MEHHP. MnBP showed the highest urinary levels (median: 31.6 ug/L, 24.8 ug/g creatinine (cr)). Concentrations were also high for MEHHP (median: 24.1 ug/L, 19.0 ug/g cr), followed by MEOHP (median: 22.8 ug/L, 17.9 ug/g cr). In individual cases, the maximum level reached up to 348 ug/L, and 291 ug/g cr, respectively. The urinary and creatinine adjusted levels of MEP were lower than those for DBP and DEHP metabolites, but were higher in 95th percentiles. As a result, the mean daily DEP intake value was 2.3 μg/kg bw/day, 3.5 μg/kg bw/day for DEHP and 4.9 μg/kg bw/ day for DBP. Conclusion: These students’ phthalate exposure levels were below the international safe level set by the EU, but higher than the 2012 KFDA survey of the age group from 3 to 18.
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최무진,이장우 한국의사결정학회 1998 경영과학연구 Vol.7 No.-
Despite information age, the printing material has yet played an important role in disseminating information. Generating estimates considering various options that customers requested is on of key processes in printing business. The estimating process must be accurate and flexible enough to consider combinations of various options so that it becomes easier to get businesses from customers. However, since a traditional way of manual estimating process depends upon human expertises, it is very much limited in accuracy and promptness. This study proposes the Printing Estimate Support System (PESS) that can generate estimates in accurate and fast manner which is critical in sales activities. PESS is designed to display estimates just after a variety of options are specified by customers; to provide user-friendly windows that have customers compare two different estimates in a glance, PESS also provides a transaction environment that can easily adopt the electronic commerce later.
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Lee, JangWoo,Kho, YoungLim,Kim, SungKyoon,Choi, Kyungho,Hwang, SeongHee,Jeong, Jeeyeon,Kim, Pangyi Korean Society of Environmental Health 2013 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.39 No.5
Objectives: Phthalates are used as plasticizers in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastics. As phthalate plasticizers are not chemically bound to the PVC, they can leach, migrate or evaporate into indoor air and atmosphere, foodstuffs, other materials, etc. Therefore, humans are exposed through ingestion, inhalation, and dermal exposure over their entire lifetime, including during intrauterine development. In particular, university students have a great number of opportunities to contact products including phthalates during campus life (food packaging, body care products, cosmetic, lotions, aftershave, perfume etc.). The purpose of this study was to examine levels of phthalate exposure as undergraduate students begin to use pharmaceuticals and personal care products including phthalates. Methods: Phthalate metabolites, mono-ethyl phthalate (MEP), mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP), mono-isobutyl phthalate (MiBP), mono-2- ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP), {(mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP}, and mono-(2-ethlyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP} were examined. 80 urine samples collected from university students were analyzed using LC/MS/MS(API 4000, Applied Bioscience) with on-line enrichment and columnswitching techniques. This study was carried out at Y university located in Gyonggi Province from 2008 to 2011. Results: The detection limit of phthalate metabolites were 0.03 ng/mL for MEP, 0.11 ng/mL for MnBP, 0.08 ng/mL for MiBP, 0.93 ng/mL for MEHP, 0.19 ng/mL for MEOHP and 0.16ng/mL for MEHHP. MnBP showed the highest urinary levels (median: 31.6 ug/L, 24.8 ug/g creatinine (cr)). Concentrations were also high for MEHHP (median: 24.1 ug/L, 19.0 ug/g cr), followed by MEOHP (median: 22.8 ug/L, 17.9 ug/g cr). In individual cases, the maximum level reached up to 348 ug/L, and 291 ug/g cr, respectively. The urinary and creatinine adjusted levels of MEP were lower than those for DBP and DEHP metabolites, but were higher in 95th percentiles. As a result, the mean daily DEP intake value was 2.3 ${\mu}g/kg$ bw/day, 3.5 ${\mu}g/kg$ bw/day for DEHP and 4.9 ${\mu}g/kg$ bw/day for DBP. Conclusion: These students' phthalate exposure levels were below the international safe level set by the EU, but higher than the 2012 KFDA survey of the age group from 3 to 18.
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