독거노인과 가족동거노인의 신체적 건강상태와 건강행위에 관한 연구

장은희,김후자,권경남,정귀애,김연화,이인혜 영남이공대학 2004 論文集 Vol.33 No.-

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to identify the physical health status and health behavior practice of in-home elderly in order to provide basic data for effective nursing intervention to promote health and quality of life. Method : The subjects for this study were 299 elderly persons in the D city. Data were collected by interview with questionnaires. Result : The ratio of chronic disease was higher for the elderly who live alone than the elderly who live with family. Arthritis was the most common chronic disease of the elderly in spite of the fact that either they live alone or live with family. The physical health status score of the elderly who live with family was statistically higher than the elderly who live alone. The health behavior score of the elderly who live with family was statistically higher than the elderly who live alone. Conclusion : To promote health behavior of the elderly, it is necessary to develop nursing intervention that considers sociocultural tradition and demographic character.

미술치료학 전공 석사과정생의 교과목 수퍼비전 체험연구

장한나, 장연집 서울여자대학교 여성연구소 2017 여성연구논총 Vol.32 No.-

Supervision, as an important factor to improve the quality of art therapists, is regarded as a contribution to expand the quality of art therapy and a field to give attention to(Kim, 2013; choi, 2007; Malchiodi & Riley, 1996; Moon, 2002). Despite this necessity, there are only a few graduate schools in Korea which open "Art Therapy Supervision" course for more than 3 semesters. This shows that Supervision courses for Master of Art Therapy is not systematic and standardized enough considering the significance of supervision(Im, 2013). As expertise education for counselors are usually done formally during the Master's course(choi, 2013; Skovholt, Ronnestad, 1992), examining the current graduate education system and organizing it systematically could be an important task for constructing firmly an environment of art therapy in the future. The purpose of this research was to understand the fundamental significance for Art Therapy master's degree students to experience Supervision course. This serves to provide understanding of supervisees who take the Supervision course to the supervisors so as to provide basic data to establish a systematic and detailed Supervision course. The research question was 'what is the significance and essence of what Art Therapy master's degree students experience in the Supervision course?' This research used phenomenological hermeneutic approach of Max van Manen. Phenomenological research aims at describing the experience of different individuals regarding one concept or phenomenon. It is a study of the essence or key meaning of general experience, a process to bring to light and describe systematically the internal structure of meanings. In other words, it means to reduce individual experiences of phenomena into a description of a universal nature(Max van Manen, 1990). This research proceeded in-depth interview from July to November of 2015, to 17 Art Therapy master's degree students who have taken Supervision course for more than one semester until the first and second data are saturated, and data are collected until saturation. The collected data are analyzed through phenomenological hermeneutic research method, and 11 essential themes and 36 sub-themes are drawn. The essential themes of Art Therapy master's degree students regarding Supervision course experience are as follows. <it feels like I get to know more and more about supervision as I take the Supervision course>,<it is hard to proceed supervision in a class format>,<feel various feelings towards supervisors>,<feel uncomfortable to show myself in front of classmates>, <give a lot to think through the feedbacks which got during the class>,<Sharing together during the class helping me to sympathy and support>,<Expend my experience through stating super-vision by experiencing diverse section>,<prepare to be an art therapist in the future while preparing for the supervision presentation>,<it is much easier for supervision to be accompanied with drawings than with words only>,<model the role of Art Therapist after supervisors>, <Learning that It is important to take care of personal life to function well as an art therapist> Conclusions from the themes drawn are as follows. First, the research participants did not know the concept of the supervision. However, by experiencing super-vision participants felt uncomfortable the class type. Second, the research participants reviewed themselves as a therapist by feed back and questions from the class and received help for uncomfortable part by reviewing their case. The research participants build the relationship between the students by sympathize with pain of others. However, sometimes people turn out to be disingenous to other because it was uncomfortable to share their personal stories. Third, the research participants felt diverse emotions from the supervision class supervisor. research participants felt either confusion from double role of professor and supervisor or felt warm by their supports and understands. Also, participants modeling themselves from the case study as a supervisors role as art therapist. In order to function well as a therapist, participants set up the definition of art therapist by reviewing personal life. Fourth, students felt much easier proceeding supervision through drawings. When one sees the drawings with supervisors and classmates, one sees parts that are not seen during supervision. They experienced that they could express more clearly what they want to say when they did the case presentations with drawings than when they delivered through words only. Fifth, the research participants expend their experiences by reviewing and experienced other's case study and different sections. They tried to adopt different case of scenario by listening to people's presentation and from the section. At first it was hard to decided what to focus when preparing the presentation, however, after several case presentation researcher figured it out how to find the answer and felt growth through the progress of the section. This research captured the significance of master's degree students with various undergraduate backgrounds to experience Supervision course. This could be served as a basic data for establishing a systematic Supervision course. Also it provides data with meanings of ambivalence students feel toward each other, thereby providing understanding of supervisees to supervisors, and will help build a supportive and safe environment for Supervision course. Finally, by conveying the advantage and uniqueness of supervision model in art therapy, it will help build an art therapy supervision model.

중환자실의 입실과 퇴실 기준 개발

장연수 성인간호학회 2001 성인간호학회지 Vol.13 No.2

The purpose of this study was to develop Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission and discharge criteria that would lead to the appropriate utilization of ICU resources and nursing services. For this study, a conceptual framework was developed through a review of the literature. Then in order to identify the overall health condition of patients in the ICU, and to draw up preliminary criteria, the medical records of 58 patients who were admitted to the ICU of Y Medical Center in Seoul between March, 1999 to February 2000 of were analyzed. Two expert validity tests were done for the preliminary criteria for admission and discharge with 21 patients over 18 years of age who were admitted patients and for 12 patients who were discharged between May 30, 2000 and June 5, 2000 a clinical validity test was also done. After criteria were developed. The results of this study are summarized as follows: 1.After a review of the literature, there were 9 categories for admission criteria cardiologic, gastrointestinal, neurologic, endocrine, post-op care of major surgery, vital signs, laboratory values, and a category of miscellaneous items. Discharge criteria had 3 categories which were vital signs, laboratory values, and a category of miscellaneous items. 2. From the medical records of the 58 patients who were admitted to the ICU, 45 items for preliminary criteria for admission and 17 for discharge were identified. 3.The two export validity tests showed that of over 75 percent agreement. The 16 admission items which received less than 75 percent agreement were revised or deleted from the admission criteria. Of the 17 discharge items, 11 had over 75 percent agreement and 6 less then 75 percent agreement. These were revised or deleted from the discharge criteria. 4.In the clinical validity test, 14 admission items showed more than 75 percent agreement and 11 discharge items more than 83 percent agreement. 5. The final criteria consisted of 29 items for admission and 11 items for discharge. Since patients being considered for admission to the ICU have complex problems, there is a need to make the decision based on more than a nursing care and treatment resources are appropriately used by allowing a multi-professional health team to make admission and discharge decisions.

비균질성을 고려한 김포매립장의 수리전도도 추정

장연수,정상용 동국대학교 산업기술연구원 1995 산업기술논문집 Vol.6 No.-

본 논문에서는 지구통계학적 방법을 이용하여 오염물 이동에 큰 영향을 미치는 김포 쓰레기 매립지의 수리전도도의 비균질성에 대해서 분석하였다. 수리전도도는 가압 실내투수 실험 자료와 현장 투수실험 자료를 이용하였고 지구 통계학적 방법으로는 일반 크리깅과 조건부 시뮬레이션 방법을 이용하였다. 그 결과 실내수리전도도의 범위는 1.2×10 exp (-7) - 9.6×10 exp (-7)cm/sec, 1.1×10 exp (-8) - 7.17×10 exp (-6)cm/sec, 그리고 현장 수리전도도는 4.27×10 exp (-9) - 2.02×10 exp (-6)cm/sec, 3.34×10 exp (-9) - 1.43×10 exp (-5)cm/sec가 일반 크리깅과 조건부 시뮬레이션 방법에서 각각 구해졌다. 대체로 현장 수리전도도는 실내 수리전도도 자료에 비하여 10에서 100배 정도 컸으며 일반 크리깅 해석보다 조건부 시뮬레이션에 의한 수리전도도의 비균질성이 크게 나타났다. In this paper, the heterogeneity of hydraulic conductivity of Kimpo Waste Landfill which has large influence on the migration of contaminant transport is analized using Geostatistical methods. The hydraulic conductivity data are obtained from laboratory pressurized permeability test and in-situ slug test. The Geostatistical methods used in this analysis are Ordinary Kriging and Conditional simulation. The results show that the range of laboratory hydraulic conductivity data was 1.2×10 exp (-7) - 9.6×10 exp (-7)cm/sec obtained from Kriging analysis and 1.1×10 exp (-8) - 7.17×10 exp (-6)cm/sec from Conditional simulation. The in-situ hydraulic conductivity data have the range of 4.27×10 exp (-9) - 2.02×10 exp (-6)cm/sec from Kriging analysis and 3.34×10 exp (-9) - 1.43×10 exp (-5)cm/sec from Conditional simulation. It can be recognized that in-situ hydraulic conductivity data have magnitude 10 to 100 times higher than the laboratory hydraulic conductivity data and the heterogeneities of hydraulic conductivity obtained from Conditional simulation are greater than those obtained from Ordinary Kriging analysis.

주기억장치 데이타베이스를 위한 새로운 락 관리

장연정,김상욱,김진호,김윤호 강원대학교 정보통신연구소 1999 정보통신논문지 Vol.3 No.-

The locking is the most widely-used concurrency control mechanism for guaranteeing logical consistency of a database where a number of transactions perform concurrently. In this paper, we propose a new lock management method appropriate for main memory databases. Our method chooses the partition, a fixed-sized container for records, as a unit of locking, and directly keeps lock information within the partition itself. These make our method enjoy the following advantages: (1) it has freedom in controlling of the trade-off between the concurrency and locking overhead by considering the characteristics of given target applications, (2) it enhances overall system performance by eliminating the hashing overhead, a serious problem occurred in the traditional method.

임부의 연령에 따른 보완대체요법에 관한 인식 태도 경험 비교 연구

김연진,김지연,노경민,신혜리,유예지,이지민,장희조,정아인,최소정,강숙정,이향연,민혜영 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2016 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.50

Purpose: This study aims to test if the age of pregnant women affects the perception, experience, and attitude towards complementary alternative therapy (CAT), by investigating the perception, experience, and attitude of pregnant women under the age of 35, and above 35 (Advanced Maternal Age). The study will 1) find the general characteristics of pregnant women under and over the age of 35 2) compare the perception, behavior, and experience of pregnant women under and over the age of 35, and 3) find the comparison of the perception, behavior, and experience according to the general characteristics of pregnant women under and over the age of 35. Method: The subjects of this study are composed of 44 women under the age of 35 and 44 women above the age of 35, totaling 88 pregnant women visiting midwiferies, obstetrics and gynecology, and baby fairs in Seoul and Gyeong-Gi area. Data for this study was collected from November 28, 2015 to January 6, 2016 for 40 days. The collected data analyzed mean, standard deviation, t test, ANOVA, and chi-square by using SPSS 23.0. Result Results show that there is a significant difference in the perception, attitude, and experience of the two-sample groups in the use of CAT. The question of “what is most necessary when applying CAT in a hospital clinical environment” for the perception criteria came out with the results of t=9.980, p<.05. For the attitude, results showed that the answers of pregnant women under the age of 35 displayed a more positive attitude towards CAT. (t=2.421, p<.05) Lastly, in the experience section, pregnant women under the age of 35 showed more CAT use than the other sample group. Conclusion Results have shown that there is a difference in the perception, behavior, and experience between the two sample groups. Therefore further research on the efficacy and the adverse effects of CAT needs to be done.

염증이 있는 충수돌기의 초음파 진단 : 자가 위치선정법의 정확도 Accuracy of Self-localization Technique

장현정,임효근,김승훈,이민희,윤지영,김경아,임재훈,정연권 대한초음파의학회 1998 ULTRASONOGRAPHY Vol.17 No.4

수치해석프로그램을 이용한 연직배수재의 깊이에 따른 압밀효과 분석

장연수,김영우 동국대학교 산업기술연구원 1998 산업기술논문집 Vol.11 No.-

본 논문에서는 천연마섬유배수재와 PD재의 실내통수능시험과 원통형 압밀시험을 통하여 구한 결과값을 토대로 수치해석프로그램을 이용하여 실내시험을 모델링하였고 현장 타설시 길이 증가에 의한 웰 레지스턴스의 영향을 고려하여 배수재의 재료에 따른 압밀효과를 분석해 보았다. 금번 해석에는 수평토압에 의한 배수재의 통수능 감소에 대한 영향은 포함되지 않았으며 해석결과 판형마섬유배수재는 PD재에 비하여 웰 레지스턴스의 영향이 크게 나타났으나 원형마섬유배수재는 MD88과 같은 우수한 연약지반 개량효과를 나타내었다. In this paper, the duration of consolidation of clay foundation improved by the plastic board drain and the natural jute drain is analyzed using the numerical flow program, MODFLOW. The numerical flow behavior in the clay foundation is first validated by the laboratory consolidation test and then the well resistance effects with respect to the increase of drain length is compared for both drain types. The results show that the natural jute drain of plate shape is more influenced by the well resistance than the plastic board drain, while the improvement effects of the natural jute drain of circular shape is similar to that of the MD88 in case that the lateral pressure on the discharge capacity of the drains is not included.

자가 탈회골의 조직반응에 관한 실험적 연구

김장연,김영조,엄인웅,이동근,이재은 大韓顎顔面成形再建外科學會 1993 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.15 No.3

Many surgeons are on the point of bone excision and reconstruction of the bone defects by autograft. xenograft, and allograft in the treatment fo begin and malignant tumors of bone. Of all type of bone grafts, we received the autograft as the best ideal bone graft. Of autogenic bone graft, replantation of excised autogenic bone for reconstructiong the bone defects has been the ideal method until now, but early bone healing reponses and tumor cell devitalization after replantation of excised autogenic bone have not been identified for clinical applications. So, to evaluate bone healing response after replantation in rabbit's calvarial bone, we divided the experimental group into three groups. Group 1 is a fresh autogenous bone group. Group 2 is a deep frozen group. Group 3 is freeze-dried demineralized group. Obtained result were as followed: 1. Inflammatory cell infiltration appeared at I week and disappeared at 4 weeks in all experimental group, Especially, severe inflammatory cell infiltration showed in fresh autogenous bone group at 2 weeks, Especially, severe inflammatory cell infitration showed n fresh autogenous bone group at 2 week Group 3 is the least showing group on the point of inflammatory cell infiltration. 2. Osteoblastic activity evenly increased upto 4 weeks and maintained to 6 weeks and decreased after this period, especially osteoblastic activity in group 2 is less than group 1 and group 3. We can't discriminate between osteoblastic activity of group 1 and that of group 3. 3. In new bone formation, group 3 was more active than any other groups at early stage, but there were little differences among three experimental groups at later state. 4. Bone resorption around the grafted bone slightly appeared at 1 week and disappeared at 4 weeks in all experimental groups. We can find the more bone resorption in group 2 at 2 weeks than any other groups. We could suggest, as appears from our results, that freeze-dried deminiralized bone graft is the useful bone graft in the clinical applications of excised autogenic bone.

부하순환 하에서 제V급 복합레진 수복물의 미세변연누출에 대한 재접착제의 효과에 관한 연구

윤연희,김영재,김정욱,장기택,이상훈,김종철,한세현 大韓小兒齒科學會 2004 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.31 No.3

저점도의 레진을 복합레진 수복물 위에 도포하는 것은 미세누출방지와 변연 완전성(integrity) 유지를 위한 한 방법이다. 하지만 장기간 관찰하면, 수복물은 저작압에 의한 영향을 받게 되는데, 저점도의 레진으로 수복물 변연부를 재접착(rebonding)하였을 때 저작압에 의한 응력에 견디면서 계속하여 수복물에 긍정적인 영향을 주는지에 대한 연구는 미흡한 실정이다. 본 연구는 부하순환(load cycling) 하에서 제Ⅴ급 수복물의 미세변연누출에 대한 재접착제 (rebonding agent)의 효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 40개의 건전한 소구치의 협면에 제Ⅴ급 와동을 형성하고 제조사의 지시대로 광중합복합레진으로 수복하였다. 20개씩 무작위로 나누어 표면전색을 하지 않는 Ⅰ군과 표면을 산부식 후 재접착한 Ⅱ군으로 설정하였다. 열순환 후 각 군에서 10개씩의 하위군 (A군=No load cycling군, B군=Load cycling군)으로 나누어 이중 B군의 시편에 1 Hz의 속도로 수직력이 4-100까지 100,000회의 부하순환을 가하였다. methylene blue용액에 침윤시켜 변연의 미세누출릉도를 평가하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 교합변연에서는 재접착과 무관하게 유의한 차이가 없었다(ⅠA-ⅡA군, ⅠB-ⅡB군) (p>0.05). 2. 치은변연의 경우는 부하순환을 하지 않은 군의 경우 재접착을 한 군(ⅡA군)이 재접착을 하지 않은 군 (ⅠA군)에 비해 더 적은 미세누출결과를 보였다(p<0.05). 3. 치은 변연에서 부하순환을 시행한 군의 경우에는 재접착을 한 군(ⅡB군)과 재접착을 하지 않은 군 (ⅠB군)과 유의차가 없는 비슷한 미세누출의 결과를 보였다(p>0.05). One clinical technique recommended f3r improving marginal integrity is "rebonding" or application of unfilled resins to the surface of composite restoration. But continuously the restorations are affected with occlusal load. There is room for doubt that the rebonding agent has the positive effect on microleakage in spite of the stress generated by the occlusal load. This study determined the effect of rebonding on microleakage of Class Ⅴ resin composite restorations under load cycling. Class Ⅴ cavities were prepared on the buccal surface of 40 sound extracted premolars and restored with a hybrid light-cured resin composite according to manufacturers' directions. They wert randomly divided into two groups consisting of 20 samples a control(group Ⅰ), without surface sealing, and the other group (group Ⅱ) in which margins were etched and rebonded. After thermocycling, each of groups was divided into subgroups (group A, B), and load cycling(total 100,000 cycles with 4-100N load at a rate of 1 Hz) were applied on the group B. Assessment of microleakage utilized methylene blue dye penetration. The following results were obtained : 1. In the occlusal region, no significant difference was noted in the scores regardless of whether or not the rebonding agent was used (group ⅠA-ⅡA, ⅠB-ⅡB) (p>0.05). 2. In the cervical region, the control group with rebonding (group ⅡA) showed the better result than the group without rebonding (group ⅠA) (p<0.05). 3. In the cervical region, the rebonded group with load cycling(group ⅡB) showed similar results to the groupf·ithout rebonding(group ⅠB) and no significant difference was noted(p>0.05).