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( Jih Yun Kim ),( Sae Hwan Lee ),( Hong Soo Kim ),( Kang Hyug Choi ),( Soung Won Jeong ),( Sang Gyune Kim ),( Jae Young Jang ),( Young Seok Kim ),( Boo Sung Kim ) 대한소화기학회 2015 Gut and Liver Vol.9 No.1
Background/Aims: To investigate the association between the baseline profiles and dynamics of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA polymerase gene mutations and the long-term virological response of lamivudine (LAM)-adefovir (ADV) combination therapy in patients with LAM-resistant chronic hepatitis B. Methods: Seventy-five patients who received LAM-ADV combination therapy for more than 12 months were analyzed. Restriction fragment mass polymorphism assays were used to detect and monitor the dynamics of LAM- and ADVresistant mutations. Results: The median duration of LAMADV combination therapy was 26 months (range, 12 to 58 months). The baseline mutation profiles, rtM204I (p=0.992), rtM204I/V (p=0.177), and rtL180M (p=0.051), were not correlated with the cumulative virological response, and the baseline HBV DNA level (p=0.032) was the only independent predictive factor for cumulative virological response. Tests for LAM- and ADV-resistant mutations were performed in 12 suboptimal responders in weeks 48 and 96. The population of rtM204 mutants persisted or increased in 8 of 12 patients, and rtA181T mutants newly emerged as a minor population in four patients until 96 weeks. Nevertheless, the viral loads progressively decreased during rescue therapy, and these dynamics did not correlate with virological response. Conclusions: The baseline profile and dynamics of LAM-resistant mutations during LAM-ADV combination therapy are not associated with a virological response. (Gut Liver 2015;9:103- 108)
Jih-Yang Chang,Han-Ping Yang,Chau-Shin Jang,Hsin-Tien Yeh,Tsu-Min Liu 제어로봇시스템학회 2016 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2016 No.10
Traditional elastic actuator is the flexible structure which needed to connected to the output shaft of the brake. Besides, according to the principle of the state of the connection, it could be divided into series elastic actuators (SEA), as well as parallel elastic actuator (PEA) [3]. Therefore, the brake output has a certain flexibility, providing compliance or shock absorption, and other functions. However, since the spring constant is a fixed value, it only could be decided in the design. Namely, it is hard to adjust by following the different user’s requirement. Thus, we propose a flexible structure design which driven by electromagnetic force, by varying the magnitude of the electromagnetic force that can actively adjust the stiffness change and improve the flexibility of the traditional spring immutable problem. Then, one of the most important thing is that we do not need the extra mechanism which in order to adjust the stiffness, and even increasing the structural complexity. In other words, in the meanwhile, achieving actuator without real spring (no loss), reducing the size and simplify the structure, high response adjusting in stiffness modulation. Therefore, for the exoskeleton robot for compliance and simplify the size of demand, this research has significant innovative and progressive.
The assessment of host and bacterial proteins in sputum from active pulmonary tuberculosis
Hsin-Chih Lai,Yu-Tze Horng,Pen-Fang Yeh,Jann-Yuan Wang,Chin-Chung Shu,Chia-Chen Lu,Jang-Jih Lu,Jen-Jyh Lee,Po-Chi Soo 한국미생물학회 2016 The journal of microbiology Vol.54 No.11
Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The protein composition of sputum may reflect the immune status of the lung. This study aimed to evaluate the protein profiles in spontaneous sputum samples from patients with active pulmonary TB. Sputum samples were collected from patients with pulmonary TB and healthy controls. Western blotting was used to analyze the amount of interleukin 10 (IL-10), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), IL-25, IL- 17, perforin-1, urease, albumin, transferrin, lactoferrin, adenosine deaminase (also known as adenosine aminohydrolase, or ADA), ADA-2, granzyme B, granulysin, and caspase- 1 in sputum. Results of detection of IL-10, IFN-γ, perforin- 1, urease, ADA2, and caspase-1, showed relatively high specificity in distinguishing patients with TB from healthy controls, although sensitivities varied from 13.3% to 66.1%. By defining a positive result as the detection of any two proteins in sputum samples, combined use of transferrin and urease as markers increased sensitivity to 73.2% and specificity to 71.1%. Furthermore, we observed that the concentration of transferrin was proportional to the number of acidfast bacilli detected in sputum specimens. Detection of sputum transferrin and urease was highly associated with pulmonary TB infection. In addition, a high concentration of transferrin detected in sputum might correlate with active TB infection. This data on sputum proteins in patients with TB may aid in the development of biomarkers to assess the severity of pulmonary TB.
김설,김소형,김윤정,안영은,안정은,윤수지,윤여진,이지애,장민진 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2011 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.45
The purpose of this study is to grasp the image of nurses recognized by university students and to formulate the desirable image of nurses by reflecting the results of the study in the administration and policy of nursing. This study used a self-reporting type questionnaire form to collect data by analysing the image of nurses recognized by university students as a descriptive research study. After performing correlation analysis between the respective images of nurses, the meaningful correlation in the property of professionalism and role was discovered. Based on the results of this study, while there are significant increases in the positive image of nurses, students still assume this occupation as being an assistant to doctors and involving arduous work. To do away with these stereotypes, it is necessary to improve the overall image of nurses through not only participating in societal activities, but also performing duties as a positive and consistent attitude.