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Women’s Political Participation and the Change of Family Law
Jaelim Oh 숙명여자대학교 아시아여성연구원 2007 Asian Women Vol.23 No.2
The purpose of this research was to show that women’s empowerment was a necessary condition in the abolition of the Hojuje by examining various kinds of women’s political participation and behavioral patterns involved in the movement to abolish the Hojuje. What this research was trying to investigate was that although to a certain degree it may be true that social movements toward democracy since the 1980s in Korea had a strong impact on the changing social climate, it did not necessarily or automatically change the society to a more equal one from gender perspective. This would mean that it should be necessary for women themselves to be empowered to have a strong political power in order to change the law, and thus to change the society. In examining the abolition process of the Hojuje, it was clear that Korean women’s political participation through those long struggling years became a solid foundation for raising the status of women in the society by providing empowering forces for women to change even the laws. It was also clear that in the process women’s organizations or groups grew to become a negotiating power force against the government. In addition, changes of women voters’ consciousness and of roles played by women National Assembly members as law makers also clearly tell us that they are the crucial forces in order to obtain true equal rights by women from gender perspective.
Air pollution and brain health: Epidemiological approaches
Jaelim Cho(조재림),Changsoo Kim(김창수) 환경독성보건학회 2021 한국독성학회 심포지움 및 학술발표회 Vol.2021 No.5
It is now established that exposure to air pollution affects human brains as numerous animal experiments and epidemiological studies have suggested during the last 15 years. The underlying mechanism is brain inflammation by ultrafine particles travelling directly to the brain, as well as by cytokines traversing the blood-brain barrier (secondary to systemic inflammation). Additionally, particulate matter is a mixture of pollutants, of which neurotoxic substances such as lead and mercury contribute to the adverse effect of particulate matter on the brain. Epidemiological studies have linked air pollution to a variety of outcomes related to brain health. There have been a substantial number of epidemiological studies on the short-term and long-term effects of air pollution on psychiatric outcomes (depression, anxiety, psychosis, and suicide). There is also mounting evidence on the association between long-term exposure to air pollution and neurological outcomes. In addition to clinical outcomes such as cognitive decline, mild cognitive impairment, and dementia, studies have increasingly targeted preclinical outcomes with the advancement of tools to analyze brain images. Neuroimaging studies on air pollution to date have explored several brain imaging markers (vascular markers, cortical volume, and cortical thickness) associated with air pollution in a cross-sectional manner. Future studies are warranted to improve methodologies (e.g., follow-up imaging studies) and to look into cross-talks between the brain and other body systems with a view to better understanding of the mechanism that underlies the relation between air pollution and brain health.
Survey Research on the Status of Job Creation and Related Programs for Elderly Women in Korea
Jaelim Oh,Sook-Jeong Lee 숙명여자대학교 아시아여성연구원 2009 Asian Women Vol.25 No.4
This study examined problems concerning the elderly and related characteristics as perceived by the frontline officials in charge at senior employment assistance agencies - all based on the recognition of the need to reinforce the expertise of workers. It also examined the educational needs regarding the kind of educational programs that must be provided to help these people develop expertise in related fields. In order to accomplish the purposes of the study, the researchers distributed questionnaires to officials in government and public offices, including the Korean Senior Citizens Association, Senior Welfare Center, Seoul Senior Employment Center and Employment Service Center, from November to December in 2008. The result shows that there are differences in purposes, targets, activities and achievements of employment assistance organizations for elderly people, which result in inefficiency and ineffectiveness. The organizations that conduct employment assistance programs for the elderly have few, if any, experts who adequately understand the particular characteristics of elderly people and who can operate and manage diverse employment programs; moreover, the capacity and skills of such experts are at beginners’ levels in terms of planning, coordination and control functions. The officials need an understanding of the developmental and psychological characteristics of female and male senior citizens that result in differentiated education strategies and programs and the creation of diverse jobs; accordingly, they urged the provision of specific and continuous education of working-level officials in charge. As such, a top priority is education to boost the capacity of working-level officials in charge, who can carry out educational programs for creating jobs that specifically cater to female seniors; to this end, national and local governments should extend steadfast and systematic assistance.
Achievement and Challenges of Higher Education for Women in Korea
Oh, Jaelim 숙명여자대학교 아세아여성문제연구소 2006 Asian Women Vol.22 No.1
The purpose of this paper is two-folds: first, it examines what we have achieved in women's higher education in Korea during the last 100 years, and second, it discusses current issues and problems facing the further development of the quality of women's higher education and what we need to do in order to resolve those issues. A couple of noticeable findings are first, there is a consistent gender difference in college enrollment rate and advancement rate from high school to college over the years, and this is a clear indication that there remains continuing gender issues and problems in the college environment in Korea. Second, the data also show that the number of students entered two-year and four-year colleges show different increase patterns by gender. While men were more benefited by the expansion of four-year colleges/universities, women were more benefited by the expansion of two-year colleges. As a result, male students still dominate the highest positions in the Korean education system and in the society, and women students have substantially less education than men, and consequently a lower status than men in the society. Considering the tact that we see more rapid increases of college educated women in the labor market in recent years, it is very important that we improve our higher education system and develop better programs to better fit female students' educational needs and aspirations. This means that not only do we need to try harder to improve the contents and quality of women's higher education, but also we need to set up strong support systems for both female college students and graduates.