사이노폰 연구와 비판적 중국 연구

이재현 ( Lee¸ Jaehyun ) 성균관대학교 성균중국연구소 2021 중국사회과학논총 Vol.3 No.2

이 논문의 목표는 사이노폰 연구를 비판적 중국 연구에 접목시키려는 것이다. 비판적 중국 연구는 반제국주의와 반오리엔탈리즘의 입장에서 중국에 대해 내재적, 비판적으로 접근하는 것이라고 말할 수 있다. 사이노폰 연구를 제창한 스수메이의 사이노폰 연구는 중국 대륙 바깥에 거주하는 중국계 이주민/이산민의 문학/문화 생산에 관한 연구로부터 출발했다. 스수메이는 사이노폰 공동체를 만들어낸 세 가지 역사적 과정들로서 ① 대륙 식민주의, ② 정착자 식민주의, ③ 이민/이주를 거론했다. 이 논문에서는 그 세 역사적 과정들을 오늘날의‘중국 특색의 제국주의’를 형성하는 역사적 과정으로서 전유하려고 한다. 만주족, 몽골족, 티벳인, 위구르 등 중국의 소수 에스닉 공동체들의 주민들과 그들이 살던 땅은 각기 서로 다른 역사적 과정을 거쳐서 중국의 내부 식민지가 되었다. 내부 식민지들을 포함한 유라시아 제국이었던 대청의 판도를 그대로 이어받았다는 점에서 중화민국이나 중화인민공화국은 아무런 차이가 없다. 그렇지만 이 중국 국가들은 서구 열강 및 일본 제국주의의 침탈과‘중국 분할’아래에서의 경험을 내세워 반식민지-피해자 혹은‘상처입은 자’의 멘탈리티로부터 벗어나지 못했다. 그런 멘탈리티 아래에서 형성된 그릇된 왜곡된 논제들 중의 하나가‘구망이 계몽을 압도했다’는 유명한 것이다. 하지만 내부 식민지의 존재를 놓고 볼 때, 구망이라는 것이 매우 왜곡되고 편협된 것이라는 것을 알 수 있다. 즉,‘중국 특색의 구망’이란 한족의, 한족에 의한, 한족을 위한 구망일 뿐이다. 구망에의 과도한 내셔널리스틱한 집착이 ‘중국 특색의 제국주의’에 대한 자각 가능성, 인지 가능성, 성찰 가능성을 압도했다고 말해야 한다. 그래서 구망은 불철저한 것이 되어버렸고, 최종적으로 불철저한 구망과 불철저한 계몽은 서로 악순환적인 규정 관계에 놓이게 되었다. 스수메이는 사이노폰 연구로부터 중국에서 한족 사이노폰에 의해서 만들어진 문화 생산물을 제외하는데, 이것은 많은 사람들로부터 비판을 받고 있다. 사이노폰 연구로부터의 학제적 자극에 의거해서, 비판적 중국 연구는 중국 사회연구, 중국 문학 및 문화 연구, 중국 사상 연구, 중국 역사 연구 등의 분야에서 학술적 혁신을 성취해내야 한다. The goal of this paper is to graft Sinophone studies onto critical China studies. Critical China study can be said to be an immanent and critical approach to China from the standpoint of anti-imperialist and anti- orientalism. Susumi Shih, who launched Sinophone studies, started from a research on the cultural production of Chinese immigrants living outside mainland China. Shih mentioned three historical processes that created the Sinophone communities: ① continental colonialism, ② settler colonialism, and ③ immigration/migration. In this paper I intend to appropriate the processes as the historical process of the making of “imperialism with Chinese characteristics”. The peoples of the minority ethnic communities in China, such as Manchus, Mongols, Tibetans, and Uyghurs, and their lands, have gone through different historical processes and became China’s internal colonies. There is no difference between the Republic of China and the People’s Republic of China in that they inherited the dominion of the Eurasian Empire “great Qing”. However, these two Chinese nation states were unable to escape from the mentality of the semi-colonial-victims or “the wounded,” based on their national crisis experiences of the “scramble for China” under the invasion of Western powers and Japanese imperialism. One of the erroneous and distorted affective ideas formed within such a mental mechanism is the famous saying that “national salvation(jiuwang, 求亡) overpowered enlightenment”. However, given the existence of internal colonies, it can be seen that “the national salvation” is very distorted and narrow-minded. In other words, “jiuwang with Chinese characteristics” is nothing but the “jiuwang” for Han Chinese, by Han Chinese, and for Han Chinese. It must be said that the excessive nationalistic obsession with the “jiuwang” overwhelms the possibility of self-awareness, recognition, and reflection on ‘imperialism with Chinese characteristics’ over the internal colonies. So, the obsession was so excessive that the incomplete “jiuwang” and the incomplete enlightenment are placed in a vicious cycle of interactions. Shih excludes cultural products made by Han Chinese Sinophones in China from Sinophone studies and such a exclusion has been criticized by many. Based on the interdisciplinary stimulus from Sinophone studies, critical China studies should achieve academic innovations in the fields of Chinese social studies, Chinese literature and culture studies, Chinese thought studies, and Chinese historical studies etc.

Short-Term Effectiveness of Oral Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir Against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant and Culture-Positive Viral Shedding

Lee Eunyoung,Park Sehee,Choi Jae-Phil,Kim Min-Kyung,Yang Eunmi,Ham Sin Young,Lee Seungjae,Lee Bora,Yang Jeong-Sun,Park Byoung Kwon,Kim Da Sol,Lee So-Young,Lee Joo-Yeon,Jang Hee-Chang,Jeon Jaehyun,Park 대한의학회 2023 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.38 No.8

Background: Information on the effectiveness of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir against the omicron is limited. The clinical response and viral kinetics to therapy in the real world need to be evaluated. Methods: Mild to moderate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients with risk factors for severe illness were prospectively enrolled as a treatment group with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir therapy versus a control group with supportive care. Serial viral load and culture from the upper respiratory tract were evaluated for seven days, and clinical responses and adverse reactions were evaluated for 28 days. Results: A total of 51 patients were analyzed including 40 in the treatment group and 11 in the control group. Faster symptom resolution during hospitalization (P = 0.048) was observed in the treatment group. Only minor adverse reactions were reported in 27.5% of patients. The viral load on Day 7 was lower in the treatment group (P = 0.002). The viral culture showed a positivity of 67.6% (25/37) vs. 100% (6/6) on Day 1, 0% (0/37) vs. 16.7 (1/6) on Day 5, and 0% (0/16) vs. 50.0% (2/4) on Day 7 in the treatment and control groups, respectively. Conclusions: Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir against the omicron was safe and resulted in negative viral culture conversion after Day 5 of treatment with better symptomatic resolution.

The Variables of Intention of Employee Turnover and Financial Satisfaction in Korean Hotel Industry

Jaehyun Kim(Jaehyun Kim),Moo-sung Lee(Moo-sung Lee) 한국캐나다학회 2014 Asia-Pacific Journal of Canadian Studies (APJCS) Vol.20 No.2

This study aims to find out the relationship between the intention of turnover and the financial job satisfaction: cash value, compensation value, and future value. To draw any meaningful results, the researcher analyzed three hypotheses; The less cash value the employees have, the more they tend to leave the job. The less compensation value the employees have, the more they tend to leave the job. The less future value the employees have, the more they tend to leave the job. The participants were hotel employees working major 10 hotels in Seoul from October 26 to November 16, 2013, The 244 questionnaires were collected and analyzed. The frequency analysis was practiced to know the sample traits, Factor analysis was conducted to search for the employees’ financial satisfaction, and the reliability and regression analyses were used to draw any consistent results. The results indicated that in wage and compensation, the hotel employees are likely to be less payed comparing with their service or with workers of other industries, so they are willing to leave the workplace. That is, the degree of wage and compensation are direct factors in the intention of turnover. Hotel employees are not interested in future value, opportunity working overseas. The employees are usually indifferent from employment chance, family relationship, social recognition, training, or overseas working. In Korean job market, the environment has been dramatically changed toward the advancement of information and knowledge society. and the society has experienced the personnel management of high-quality human resources or flexibility of labour. In this trend, employees tendency to meet the new labor market that the society need. The employees are willing to leave the position if their quality or career is recognized. The result of this study represents the new trend of job market in Korea. This paper has borrowed from and translated the contents from the author’s master’s thesis into English to introduce Korean hotel industry to the readers of Asian Journal of Canadian Studies.

Anti-SEMA3A Antibody: A Novel Therapeutic Agent to Suppress Glioblastoma Tumor Growth

Lee, Jaehyun,Shin, Yong Jae,Lee, Kyoungmin,Cho, Hee Jin,Sa, Jason K.,Lee, Sang-Yun,Kim, Seok-Hyung,Lee, Jeongwu,Yoon, Yeup,Nam, Do-Hyun 대한암학회 2018 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.50 No.3

<P><B>Purpose</B></P><P>Glioblastoma (GBM) is classified as one of the most aggressive and lethal brain tumor. Great strides have been made in understanding the genomic and molecular underpinnings of GBM, which translated into development of new therapeutic approaches to combat such deadly disease. However, there are only few therapeutic agents that can effectively inhibit GBM invasion in a clinical framework. In an effort to address such challenges, we have generated anti-SEMA3A monoclonal antibody as a potential therapeutic antibody against GBM progression.</P><P><B>Materials and Methods</B></P><P>We employed public glioma datasets, Repository of Molecular Brain Neoplasia Data and The Cancer Genome Atlas, to analyze <I>SEMA3A</I> mRNA expression in human GBM specimens. We also evaluated for protein expression level of SEMA3A via tissue microarray (TMA) analysis. Cell migration and proliferation kinetics were assessed in various GBM patient-derived cells (PDCs) and U87-MG cell-line for SEMA3A antibody efficacy. GBM patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models were generated to evaluate tumor inhibitory effect of anti-SEMA3A antibody <I>in vivo</I>.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>By combining bioinformatics and TMA analysis, we discovered that SEMA3A is highly expressed in human GBM specimens compared to non-neoplastic tissues. We developed three different anti-SEMA3A antibodies, in fully human IgG form, through screening phage-displayed synthetic antibody library using a classical panning method. Neutralization of SEMA3A significantly reduced migration and proliferation capabilities of PDCs and U87-MG cell line <I>in vitro</I>. In PDX models, treatment with anti-SEMA3A antibody exhibited notable tumor inhibitory effect through down-regulation of cellular proliferative kinetics and tumor-associated macrophages recruitment.</P><P><B>Conclusion</B></P><P>In present study, we demonstrated tumor inhibitory effect of SEMA3A antibody in GBM progression and present its potential relevance as a therapeutic agent in a clinical framework.</P>

Implementation of AR Remote Rendering Techniques for Real-time Volumetric 3D Video

Daehyeon Lee,Munyong Lee,Sang-ha Lee,Jaehyun Lee,Soonchul Kwon 한국인터넷방송통신학회 2020 International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting an Vol.12 No.2

Recently, with the growth of mixed reality industrial infrastructure, relevant convergence research has been proposed. For real-time mixed reality services such as remote video conferencing, the research on real-time acquisition-process-transfer methods is required. This paper aims to implement an AR remote rendering method of volumetric 3D video data. We have proposed and implemented two modules; one, the parsing module of the volumetric 3D video to a game engine, and two, the server rendering module. The result of the experiment showed that the volumetric 3D video sequence data of about 15 MB was compressed by 6-7%. The remote module was streamed at 27 fps at a 1200 by 1200 resolution. The results of this paper are expected to be applied to an AR cloud service.

The 1st Extragalactic Workshop for Korean Young Astronomers “We Love Galaxies”

Gwang-Ho Lee,Suk Kim,Hyun-Jin Bae,Yijung Kang,Minjin Kim,Eunbin Kim,Youngdae Lee,Yunhee Lee,Chul Chung,Minbae Kim,Taeyang Bang,Jubee Sohn,Jaehyun Lee 한국천문학회 2014 天文學會報 Vol.39 No.2

Study of fibroblast growth factor 2 administration in bleomycin induced pulmonary fibrosis mice

Se Bi Lee,Hyeokku Lee,Jungyu Baek,Eunhyeok Choi,Hyunseung Lee,Juhyeok Hong,Jaehyun Kim,Jeong Yun Park,Gichang Jeong,Jieun Jeon,Jooyeon Lee,Jaehyun Park,Jimin Jang,Sang-Ryul Cha,Se-Ran Yang 한국실험동물학회 2023 한국실험동물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2023 No.2

릴렉스착좌 모드 대응 동승석 에어백 개발

이석민(Seokmin Lee),정가람(Garam Jeong),이동오(Dongoh Lee),박해권(Haekwon Park),이규상(Kyusang Lee),고영경(Yongkyung Ko),이재현(Jaehyun Lee) 한국자동차공학회 2020 한국자동차공학회 학술대회 및 전시회 Vol.2020 No.11

White OLED Using Highly Efficient Green Dopant via Solution Process

Lee, Jaehyun,Liang, Yao,Shin, Hwangyu,Ma, Yuguang,Park, Jongwook Informa UK (TaylorFrancis) 2015 Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Vol.621 No.1

Nonorthogonal <img align='MIDDLE' alt='${{sp}}^{3}{{d}}^{5}$' src='http://ej.iop.org/images/0957-4484/27/24/245202/nanoaa220dieqn1.gif'>?tight-binding parameterization of single-layer phosphorene under biaxial strain and application to FETs

Lee, Jaehyun,Seo, Jumbeom,Oh, Jung Hyun,Shin, Mincheol IOP 2016 Nanotechnology Vol.27 No.24

<P>This paper presents a new set of <img ALIGN='MIDDLE' ALT='${{sp}}^{3}{{d}}^{5}$' SRC='http://ej.iop.org/images/0957-4484/27/24/245202/nanoaa220dieqn3.gif'/>?tight-binding (TB) parameters for single-layer phosphorene within the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) scheme. For this, we develop the numerical algorithm to find the NRL TB parameters fitted to <I>ab initio</I> results. It is shown that the proposed NRL TB parameters successfully reproduce the band structure of a single-layer phosphorene, and even under biaxial or uniaxial strain, they appropriately describe the effects, such as modification of anisotropic effective masses and band gap. Via the top-of-the-barrier model, we also investigate the performance of single-layer phosphorene FETs under biaxial strain with the NRL TB Hamiltonian and find that the results are well in accordance with those of previous studies.</P>