영어 리듬의 본질에 관한 연구

金在明 충주대 2001 한국교통대학교 논문집 Vol.36 No.1

This study aims to examine the nature of rhythm in the linguistic aspect for a better understanding of rhythm in English.And it is chiefly concerned with English speech rhythm. The study introduces the notion of speech rhythm and the historical survey of English prosodic studies. To grasp the nature of speech rhythm more closely, the study describes the temporal approach of British tradition, some controversial problems on stress-timed vs.syllable-timed and isochrony. The study concludes: 1) English is a stress-timed language. 2) Rhythm Is not a physical phenomenon, but the sensory impression by prominence from a sequence of events.

번역 과정의 변형적 접근에 관한 연구

김재명 忠州大學校 2002 한국교통대학교 논문집 Vol.37 No.1

Many researchers engaged in translation have been investigating the process of translation based on linguistic universals hidden at the underlying level rather than on linguistic diversities exposed at the surface level. This study is primarily concerned with the transformational approach to the translating process. This approach generally assumes that the translating process consists of three stages: analysis, transfer, and restructuring. The analysis is the first step which backtransforms the surface structure of a source language into the kernel structure. The transfer carries over the kernel structure of the source language into that of the receptor language. The restructuring is the last step which stylizes the receptor kernel structure into the final receptor text.

현대영어 어순의 분석적 고찰

金在明,嚴秉浩 충주대학교 1990 한국교통대학교 논문집 Vol.24 No.-

Word order plays an important role in determining of the relationships between word and word, and the meaning of each sentence. As stated in this paper, the characteristics of each language seem to be the product of the customs of its native speakers. English has its own unique word order which is different from those of other languase. Therefore, we have to understand word order in English in order to comprehend English correctly. Furthermore, the change of word order in many cases has been due to psychological reasons such as 'Emphasis', 'Expectatoin', 'Actuality'. Accordingly word order has become an important device to express structural and grammatical relationships, and synthetic structure has changed to analytic one. The aim of this paper is to examine how to arrange the words and what an important matter the word order may be in learning English. In sentence of more than one word, there arises the question of word order. So the influence of word order becomes dominant factor in determining the meaning of sentences. English learners have to study the word order precisely to master the use of it. And the development of structural or grammatical uses of word order is still in progress in Modern English.

지오그리드 보강토 옹벽에 관한 유한요소해석

주재우,연명옥,한상호,박병곤 순천대학교 2000 순천대학교 자연과학논문집 Vol.19 No.1

It is difficult to analyze the behavior of the geogrid reinforced soil walls, because most of the design methods for the reinforced soil structures with geogrids are based on the theory of the rigid-plasticity which takes no account of displacement and deformation of reinforcing material in the soil. In this study, the finite element analyses of geogrid reinforced retaining walls are performed to suggest an useful design method which consider the displacement and deformation of reinforcing material in the soil. The reinforcing effects on geogrid reinforced retaining wall are related with the length and interval of reinforcing materials. So the effects are analyzed with four different interval of reinforcing materials. It can be concluded from the results of analyses that the wall displacement, the earth pressure on the wall, the vertical stress distribution in the foundation and the settlement of backfill surface are decreased in direct proportion to the decrease of the interval.

지리수업에서의 소크라테스 대화법의 활용

류재명 釜山大學校 敎育硏究所 1993 敎育硏究 Vol.3 No.1

The purpose of this article is to analyze the main idea of the Socratic questioning, and to apply it in developing the simple insructional model which could clarify the procedure for questioning to guide the students' reasoning processes. Geography teachers are used to teach the archaic method that can be done by memorization. Their major activity is to interpret, explain, and swnmarize the content of text1xx>k. Therefore, many students have the difficulty in understanding teacher's explanation, and they tend to lose an interest in geography education. Most of students do not know how they should think as they solve, and how, and sometimes, in what order they should act and operate with the conditions of the problem Generally, most of teachers think that the discovery method is an alternative method which could improve the teaching in the class; however, it is difficult to apply at school, because of class size and other educational infrastructure. So, the author analyzed the basic idea of the Socrates' discovery method. Socrates used the questioning strategies to try to get the learner to think. He think every man is an autonomous and self-propelled thinker. His main idea is that the teacher should never tell the learner what to think but that by means of questioning the teacher should assist the student's obtaining knowledge for oneself by using one's own mind The teacher have to lead the students to his predetermined goal, concept, or belief, and his questions should be clear. Teachers should attempt to use questions both to expand pupils' understandings and to lift them to higher cognitive levels. And the teacher should always try to use the type of question best suited to his purpose. Socratic questioning is important tools in discovery teaching, so the auther develop the simple model of teachers / questioning about the concept of fan by applying the Socrates / idea. The model developed here is based on the notion that the poor academic performance of many students is the result of ineffective classroom management, than the student' s inability to learn the assigned material. In this model, teacher' s questions appropriate for subject and classes are formulated in a logical sequence to develop students / own idea as a result of questioning. The specipic questions in the model is presented in small steps with the fIrst step beginning at the level appropriate for the students' intellectual level. The method of the step by step questioning render students obtain knowledge for oneself by using one/sown mind, and learn by thinking. This method promotes learners to understand the content of subject matter more easily than the conventional teaching type. So, this model will make it possible to raise the efficiency of instruction, and contribute to developing the school geography teaching method.

英語音의 連接에 關한 硏究

金在明 忠州大學校 1996 한국교통대학교 논문집 Vol.31 No.1

In English, the American descriptivists of the 1940's and 1950's devoted a lot of energy to boundaries, which they called junctures. They belived that junctures are phonemes and tred to show how a juncture as a phoneme works, Some, like Moulton(1947), belived that junctures are segmental ponemes, and others, such as Well(1947) and Joos(1957), believed junctures as suprasegmental phonemes. In SPE, junctures, which are there claaed boundaries, are vioewed as "units in a string, on a par in this sense with segments". Although Chomsky and Halle(1968) do not cvlaim that boundaries are segments, in fact they give them distinctive feature specification [-segment], they open up the possibility of treating them as segments by placing boundaries on a par with segments. On the other hand, Aronoff(1960) showed that, whatever their phonological effect, junctures are part of the organization of language, not lexical segmental phonemes. There have been many arguments on treating junctures at each school's view point. However, this paper will mostly be concerned with the juncture as suprasegment in phonemic level. The purpose of the paper is to give an outline of the presence of junctures with relation to other phonemic distinctive units, stress and pitch level in English suprasegmentals.

흰쥐 뇌에서 항정신병약물이 c-fos 발현에 미치는 영향

박원명,박재홍,김광수 大韓神經精神醫學會 1996 신경정신의학 Vol.35 No.2

흰쥐 뇌의 내측 전전두피질, 측좌핵, 내측선조체, 외측선조체, 외측중격핵에 전형 항정신병약물(chlorpromazine, haloperidol), 비정형 항정신병약물(clozapine, risperidone), 선택적 D₁ 수용체 길항체(SCH23390) 등 5종류의 약물의 여러 용량을 투여후 각 약물의 용매를 사용한 대조군과 같이 c-fos 발현에 미치는 영향을 Fos immunohistochemistry 방법으로 조사하여 각 항정신병 약물의 특성을 이해하려 본 연구를 시행하였다. 실험동물은 체중300∼450g의 Wistar계의 수컷 흰쥐를 각군 4마리씩 사용하였으며 증류수만 주사한 군(1㎖/㎏). 용해만 주사한 군(1㎖/㎏), chorpromazine을 주사한 군(25㎎/㎏, 50㎎/㎏), haloperidol을 주사한 군(0.5㎎/㎏ 1㎎/㎏) clozapine을 주사한 군(10㎎/㎏, 20㎎/㎏, 30㎎/㎏), risperidone을 주사한 군(0.5㎎/㎏, 1㎎/㎏), SCH 23390을 주사한 군(0.5㎎/㎏, 1㎎/㎏)등 모두 13개군으로 나누어 실험하였다. 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1) 내측 전전두피질 부위의 c-fos 발현은 대조군에 비해 chlorpromazine(50㎎/㎏), clozapine(20㎎/㎏, 30㎎/㎏), risperidone(0.5㎎/㎏, 1㎎/㎏) 투여시 통계적으로 유의하게 증가하였다(p< .01). 2) 측좌핵 부위의 c-fos 발현은 대조군에 비해 chlorpromazine, haloperidol, clozapine, risperidone(1㎎/㎏) 투여시 통계적으로 유의하게 증가하였으며(p< .01). SCH 23390은 유의하게 감소하였다(p<.01). 3) 선조체 부위의 c-fos 발현은 특히 외측선조체 부위에서 대조군에 비해 chlorpromazine, haloperidol, risperidone 투여시 통계적으로 유의하게 증가하였으나(p<.01), clozapine은 chlorpromazine, haloperidol, risperidone에 비교하여 아주 적은 c-fos 발현을 나타내었다. SCH 23390은 내측선조체에서 대조군에 비해 유의하게 감소하였다(p<.05). 4) 외축중격핵의 c-fos 발현은 대조군에 비해 chlorpromazine, haloperidol, clozapine, risperidone 투여시 통계적으로 유의하게 증가하였다(p<.01). 이상의 결과로 clozapine, risperidone은 전형 항정신병약물과는 다르게 내측 전전두피질에서 c-fos 발현이 증가함을 관찰하였다. 또한 추체외로 부작용이 가장 강하게 나타나는 haloperidol을 투여시 외측선조체에서 c-fos 발현이 가장 높았고 추체외로 부작용이 거의없는 clozapine 투여시 외측선조체에서의 c-fos 발현은 거의 없는 정도로 나타났는 바 외측선조체에서의 c-fos 발현의 증가, 추체외로 증상및 외측선조체에 D₂수용체가 많음을 고려하면 이들사이에 서로 상관성이 있을 것으로 생각되었다. 지금까지 발표된 다른 학자들의 논문과 본 연구결과를 바탕으로 저자들은 최근 주목을 받고 있는 비정형 항정신병약물인 clozapine과 risperidone은 기존의 전형 항정신병약물과 비교해서 신경해부학적 작용부위의 차이 및 신경전달물질 수용체에 대한 반응의 차이가 있다고 생각하였으며 이러한 차이점이 정신분열증 양성증상뿐 아니라 음성증상에도 좋은 치료효과를 보일뿐 아니라 추체외로 부작용이 상당히 적다는 clozapine과 risperidone의 독특한 약리효과와 관련이 있을 것이라 생각하였다. Objects : To investigate characteristic effects of antipsychotics in brain, the authors studied some potential neuroantatomical differences in the actions of typical antipsychotics(chlopromazine, haloperidol), atypical antipsychotics(clozapine, risperidone) and selective dopamine D₁receptor antagonist(SCH 23390) by comparing their effects on c-fos expression in the rat brain. Methods : Fifty-two rats, weighing 300-450g, were divided into 13 groups according to injection agents〔water, vehicle, chlopromazine, haloperidol, clozapine, risperidone, SCH 23390〕. Each brain was removed immediately after perfusion and placed in fresh fixative. After postfixative period, the brain sections(area of the medial prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens, medial striatum, lateral striatum and lateral septal nucleus) were stained by c-fos immunohistochemistry, Results : 1) chlopromazine(50㎎/㎏), clozapine(20㎎/㎏, 30㎎/㎏)and risperidone increased the number of Fos-postive neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex than control subjects(p<.01). 2) chlorpromazine, haloperidol, clozapine and risperidone(1㎎/㎏) increased but SCH 23390 decreased the number of Fos-postive neurons in the nucleus accumbens than control subjects(p<.01). 3) chlorpromazine, haloperidol and risperidone increased the number of Fos-positive neurons in the striatum, especially in the lateral striatum than control subjects(p<.01), but clozapine increased much less than chlorpromazine, haloperidol and risperidone. SCH 23390 decreased the number of Fos-positive neurons in the medial striatum than control subjects(p<.05). 4) chlorpromazine, haloperidol, clozapine and risperidone increased the number of Fos-postive neurons in the lateral septal nucleus than control subjects(p<.01). Conclusion : These results support that clozapine and risperidone's unique therapeutic actions on negative symptoms with a low incidence of extrapyramidal side effects in schizophrenia may be related to their distinctive effects in regions such as the medial prefrontal cortex and lateral striatum.

저압의 유기금속 화학증착법에 의해 성장된 Ta₂O5 박막의 계면물성

윤재홍,박태곤,김명호,이찬규 國立 昌原大學校 産業技術硏究所 1994 産技硏論文集 Vol.8 No.-

High quality Ta₂O? dielectric films were deposited by low-pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (LPMO-CVD) from Ta(OC₂H?)? and oxygen. The microstructure and Ta₂O?/SiO₂/Si interfacial properties were investigated by XRD, SIMS, SNMS, RBS, SEM and TEM, XRD analysis showed that the structure of as-deposited thin films was amorphous, but it was crystallized to orthorhombic β-Ta₂O? by after-annealing at temperatures higher than 700˚C. The SiO₂layer at TiO₂/Si interface is strongly dependent on after-annealing conditions and dominates the electrical properties of Ta₂O? thin films on Si.

염색질 패턴에 따른 mRNA 합성 부위의 차이

이재혁,강명원,최찬,정상우 全南大醫大 2001 전남의대학술지 Vol.37 No.4

국어와 영어의 산문 번역에 관한 연구

金在明 충주대 2000 한국교통대학교 논문집 Vol.35 No.1

Beyond the assumption that translation involves a mere mechanical replacement of the lexical items of a source language with those of a receptor language, we assume that the translating process consists of three stages: analysis, transwer and restructuring.The source language text undergoes destylization and is transferred into the receptor language at the level of translatable core.Then it becomes the receptor language text through stylization.This translation process is introduced to this paper. There are two main views on how to translate: a translation of formal correspondence and a translation of dynamic equivalence, The primary difference between the two types lies in whether translating is oriented toward the source language text itself or toward the readers of the translated text.A translation of formal correspondence is centered around the source language text while a translation of dynamic equivalence is reader-centered.This paper takes the translation of dynamic equivalence as a recommendable way of translation which is to translate the source language text into the receptor language text with more emphasis placed on achieving among the readers of the receptor language text a response or an effect equivalent to the one achieved by the readers of the source language text. Lastly problems hard to translate between Korean and English are suggested and viewed in aspects of linguistics, cross-cultural disagreement and stylistics.