Y Kids Academy Program Increases Knowledge of Healthy Living in Young Adolescents

Jacqueline Lee(Jacqueline Lee ),Anastasia Alpous(Anastasia Alpous ),Warsame Yusuf(Warsame Yusuf ),Sam Cardarelli(Sam Cardarelli ),Tosha Rhodenizer(Tosha Rhodenizer ),Kelly Shaw-Swettenham(Kelly Shaw-S 사피엔시아 2018 Exercise Medicine Vol.2 No.-

Objectives: It is well established that physical activity levels decline during adolescence. To address this problem, a program called the Y Kids Academy was developed to improve young adolescents’ knowledge of healthy lifestyles. The primary goal was to evaluate whether the program would attract participants with both high and low levels of physical literacy and to evaluate whether baseline knowledge scores were associated with physical literacy knowledge. The secondary goals were to determine whether baseline knowledge scores would increase after Y Kids Academy participation or were associated with a standardized assessment of physical literacy knowledge. Methods: Parent perceptions of their adolescent’s healthy living behaviours were measured to assess the impact of Y Kids Academy participation on the family. The Canadian Assessment of Physical Literacy (CAPL) was completed pre-Academy to measure participants’ physical literacy. Participants and parents also completed questionnaires pre- and post-Academy to assess change in healthy living knowledge and perception of the child’s healthy living behaviours, respectively. 163 children (mean age of 11.1 ± 0.8) consented to participate (73 female, 45%). Results: The mean total CAPL score of participants was not significantly different (p=.07) from the mean total CAPL score measured among 3000 Canadian children. The largest proportion of participants (53.3%) were categorized as progressing, similar to the Canadian population (53.2%). Knowledge scores for the Y Kids Academy evaluation were significantly associated with physical literacy knowledge (r = 0.40, p < 0.001). Mean knowledge scores increased significantly (p<0.001) from pre-Academy (10.4 ± 5.4) to post-academy (12.7±6.5). There was no change in parent reported healthy living behaviours (p=0.41). Conclusions: The Y Kids Academy program was successful at attracting youth with lower physical literacy in a proportion similar to the Canadian population. These findings support the suitability of the Y Kids Academy for improving and evaluating knowledge of healthy living in young adolescents.

Regional Solutions: Export Measures for Plastic Recyclables to Reduce Marine Plastic Pollution in the Pacific

Jacqueline Peel,Lee Godden,Alice Palmer,Rebekkah Markey-Towler 한국법제연구원 2021 KLRI journal of law and legislation Vol.11 No.1

While widely acknowledged to be a global problem due to its complex causes and effects, marine plastic pollution presents distinct regional challenges for Pacific Island countries and territories (PICTs). In this context, there is significant scope to devise regional solutions, to complement global and national measures, and thereby address some of the gaps in the currently fragmented international legal landscape. After taking stock of national, regional and international measures, this paper considers such opportunities for regional responses to the export of recyclable plastics by PICTs to incentivise ongoing collection of these wastes and reduce the potential for generation of marine plastic pollution in the first instance. Such solutions could involve developing regional legal and cooperative infrastructure, including by building on existing shipping arrangements in the region that reduce the costs associated with carrying recycled wastes out of PICTs. Overall, these regional solutions offer a ‘middle way’ approach that can help address the in-country constraints PICTs face in managing wastes, including plastics, while also allowing efforts to be focused at a scale where effective solutions are most possible.

Expression of von Willebrand factor, pulmonary intravascular macrophages, and Toll-like receptors in lungs of septic foals

Jacqueline M. E. Harrison,Leah M. Quanstrom,Alex R. Robinson,Bruce Wobeser,Stacy L. Anderson,Baljit Singh 대한수의학회 2017 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.18 No.1

Sepsis causes significant mortality in neonatal foals; however, there is little data describing the cellular and molecular pathways of lung inflammation in septic foals. This study was conducted to characterize lung inflammation in septic foals. Lung tissue sections from control (n = 6) and septic (n = 17) foals were compared using histology and immunohistology. Blinded pathologic scoring of hematoxylin and eosin stained samples revealed increased features of lung inflammation such as thickened alveolar septa and sequestered inflammatory cells in septic foals. Septic foal lungs showed increased expression of von Willebrand factor in blood vessels, demonstrating vascular inflammation. Use of MAC387 antibody to detect calprotectin as a reflection of mononuclear cell infiltration revealed a significant increase in their numbers in alveolar septa of lungs from septic foals compared to those from control foals. The mononuclear cells appeared to be mature macrophages and were located in the septal capillaries, suggesting they were pulmonary intravascular macrophages (PIMs). Finally, lungs from septic foals showed increased expression of Toll-like receptor 4 and 9 in mononuclear cells relative to the control. Taken together, this study is the first to show the expression of inflammatory molecules and an increase in PIMs in lungs from foals that died from sepsis.

An organizational ecology approach to new food marts in New York City neighbourhoods

Jacqueline Olvera,Stacey A. Sutton 서울시립대학교 도시과학연구원 2021 도시과학국제저널 Vol.25 No.2

Global forces have disrupted local businesses across cities, but neighbourhood convenience stores and small grocery stores have proven to be resilient in the face of economic and institutional pressures. In this paper, we integrate urban retail and organizational ecology perspectives and examine small independently-owned convenience and grocery stores, colloquially referred to as food marts, as organizational populations that develop and persist in neighbourhoods across multiple decades. Drawing on data from the National Establishment Time Series database and the Decennial Census, we argue that a nonlinear relationship exists between the number of existing food marts and the emergence of new food marts. Furthermore, we examine how conditions such as the presence of chain stores, neighbourhood socio-economic conditions and ethno-racial composition affect the likelihood that new food marts will emerge in neighbourhoods. Our results show that the emergence of new food marts in neighbourhoods is strongly influenced by the existing number of similar firm types. In other words, we find that competition among new food marts strongly predicts the extent to which small food marts remain in neighbourhoods. The value our study is that we look beyond the individual firm and ask whether the entire population is at risk, for example when chain stores are present.

Overemployment of Workers in Penang, Malaysia: An Empirical Analysis

Jacqueline Liza Fernandez,Lim Ee Shiang 한국유통과학회 2017 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.4 No.4

Many workers today encounter the problem of overemployment which occurs when actual working hours exceed preferred or desired working hours. Overemployed workers desire to work fewer hours although this may entail a concomitant decline in earnings. This research is conducted to examine the likelihood of overemployment among employees in a particular state in Malaysia, that is, Penang. This study uses primary data that was collected in a survey encompassing a total of 525 employees in the state. A logit model is used to analyse the relationship between the likelihood of overemployment and various socio-demographic, household and work-related variables. The factors that are significantly related to overemployment are ethnicity, age, education, number of children in the household, occupation, hours of work and control over work schedule. Based on the findings of this paper, it is suggested that policies such as offering part-time jobs or jobsharing options to older workers, implementing family-friendly policies, adopting decent working time measures and strategies that give workers more control over their work schedule are some possible ways to deal with the issue of overemployment.

Differential Effect of Electroacupuncture on Inflammatory Adipokines in Two Rat Models of Obesity

Jacqueline J.T. Liaw,Philip V. Peplow 사단법인약침학회 2016 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.9 No.4

Chronic inflammation is known to be associated with visceral obesity and insulin resistance which are characterized by altered levels of production of pro- and anti-inflammatory adipokines. The dysregulation of the production of inflammatory adipokines and their functions in obese individuals leads to a state of chronic low-grade inflammation and may promote obesity-linked metabolic disorders and cardiovascular diseases such as insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and atherosclerosis. Electroacupuncture (EA) was tested to see if there was a difference in its effect on pro- and anti-inflammatory adipokine levels in the blood serum and the white adipose tissue of obese Zucker fatty rats and high-fat diet-induced obese Long Evans rats. In the two rat models of obesity, on Day 12 of treatment, repeated applications of EA were seen to have had a significant differential effect for serum tumor necrosis factor-α, adiponectin, the adiponectin:leptin ratio, and blood glucose. For the adipose tissue, there was a differential effect for adiponectin that was on the borderline of significance. To explore these changes further and how they might affect insulin resistance would require a modification to the research design to use larger group sizes for the two models or to give a greater number of EA treatments.

Effect of Electroacupuncture on Inflammation in the Obese Zucker Fatty Rat Model of Metabolic Syndrome

Jacqueline J.T. Liaw,Philip V. Peplow 사단법인약침학회 2016 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.9 No.2

Chronic inflammation is known to be associated with visceral obesity and insulin resistance and is characterized by altered levels of production of adipokines such as tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a), interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, leptin, and adiponectin. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a major and escalating public health and clinical challenge worldwide, and patients with MetS have an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Electroacupuncture (EA) was tested as a means of decreasing inflammation in genetically obese Zucker fatty rats, which serve as a model of MetS. Repeated application of EA at the Zhongwan/Guanyuan acupoints decreased serum TNF-a, but produced no significant alterations in serum leptin, adiponectin, or IL-10. EA had no significant effect on the levels of these four adipokines in white adipose tissue. These findings are consistent with the supposition that EA inhibits proliferation and/or infiltration of macrophages into the adipose tissue of obese rats and stimulates the release of IL-10 from the decreased numbers of macrophages present in adipose tissue. Compared with the control animals, no significant change in body weight occurred. The blood glucose (BG) level over a 30-minute interval in Week 2 was relatively the same as that in Week 1, suggesting that EA treatment does not increase the likelihood of developing hyperglycemia.

Effects of Electroacupuncture on Pro-/Antiinflammatory Adipokines in Serum and Adipose Tissue in Lean and Diet-induced Obese Rats

Jacqueline J.T. Liaw,Philip V. Peplow 사단법인약침학회 2016 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.9 No.2

The effects of electroacupuncture (EA) on pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokines and blood glucose (BG) in lean and obese Long Evans rats were investigated. Group 1 and Group 3 had five lean and seven obese rats, respectively, and received EA at the Zhongwan/Guanyuan acupoints on Day 1, Day 3, Day 5, Day 8, Day 10, and Day 12. Group 2 and Group 4, with five lean and seven obese rats, respectively, did not undergo EA. After induction of anesthesia, BG was measured at 10 minutes and 20 minutes. EA was applied for 30 minutes, and BG was measured again. At the end of the study, blood and white adipose tissue were collected. Analyses showed that for all groups, the mean BG at 20 minutes (baseline) and 50 minutes were significantly greater on Day 1 than on any other day. Compared with Group 2, the baseline BG in Week 1 for Group 1 was significantly lower, but Groups 3 and 4 showed no difference. Group 1 had significantly higher serum interleukin-10 and tumor necrosis factor-a than Group 2, while Group 3’s serum leptin was greater than Group 4’s. White adipose tissue interleukin-10 and adiponectin:leptin ratio were higher for Group 1 than Group 2. EA affected no significant differences in any other components measured for lean and obese animals.

Towards a System Theoretical Understanding of the Parasport Context

Jacqueline Martins Patatas,Veerle De Bosscher,Sebastiaan De Cocq,Shaundre Jacobs,David Legg 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2021 Journal of Global Sport Management Vol.6 No.1

Contextual factors are fundamental but often overlooked ele- ments of parasport that can introduce various complexities within the parasport system. The purpose of this paper is to identify and categorize contextual factors that influence the parasport system and to examine the extent to which these factors influence the development of para-athletes’ pathways. Drawing from a system theoretical perspective, this research uses data gathered from 32 semi-structured interviews with stakeholders of the Brazilian Paralympic sports system. Thematic coding resulted in the identi- fication of nine main themes that constitute the contextual fac- tors of the Brazilian parasport system. The findings confirm that insofar as parasport is embedded in the complex cultural and national environment, it is not possible to understand parasport and the para-athlete trajectories without understanding the coun- try’s particular context with respect to disability. This paper thus provides insights toward better understanding the relationship between the diversity within the parasport systems and the socio- cultural context of a country.

NeuroD: The Predicted and the Surprising

Jacqueline E. Lee,채지형,Gretchen H. Stein 한국분자세포생물학회 2004 Molecules and cells Vol.18 No.3

NeuroD (otherwise known as BETA2) is a basic helixloop- helix (bHLH) transcription factor that is capable of converting embryonic epidermal cells into fully differentiated neurons in Xenopus embryos. In insulinoma cells, NeuroD can bind and activate the insulin promoter. When NeuroD is deleted in mice, the early differentiating pancreatic endocrine cells and a subset of the neurons in the central and peripheral nervous systems die, resulting in cellular deficits in the pancreatic islets, cerebellum, hippocampus and inner ear sensory ganglia. As a consequence, mice become diabetic and display neurological defects including ataxia and deafness. These gain-of-function and loss-of-function phenotypes suggest that NeuroD controls both common and distinct sets of molecules involved in cell survival and differentiation in different tissue types. In this review, we examine what is known about NeuroD and what remains to be answered. Understanding the primary function of NeuroD will be extremely valuable in the diagnosis and cure of the diseases that involve this transcription factor, which plays essential roles in the development and function of the pancreas and the nervous system.