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Internationa Cooperation in the Twenty-first Century : Familiar Problems and new Challenges
Jacobson, Harold Institute for International Trade and Cooperation 1997 Asian International Studies Review Vol.1 No.1
The creation and proliferation of international organizations of various sorts, increasing economic interdependence, the spread of democracy, and the strong leadership played by the United States all worked positively together to facilitate international cooperation during the second half of the twentieth century, overcoming to a great extent the familiar problem of 'cooperation under anarchy.' But humankind is confronting new challenges as well, arising from the shift in power relations among nation-states and the rise of new issues that call for global attention. One of the most prominent issues is the protection of environment. It is unclear how easily the formulas that have proved to be successful in bringing about international cooperation in the twentieth century can be applied to the new challenge. If a series of organized responses to the issue of climate change as shown in the completion and implementation the Framework Convention on Climate Change(FCCC) is any indication, however, the international community seems to have successfully begun to confront them. The relative promptness of action taken by the international community, the manner in which the issue is negotiated where the principle of equity was directly addressed, the comprehensiveness of the Treaty's scope, and responsible behavior of the states of the world, all point to broad optimism about international cooperation in the twenty-first century.
Custodian-based information sharing
Jacobson, V.,Braynard, R. L.,Diebert, T.,Mahadevan, P.,Mosko, M.,Briggs, N. H.,Barber, S.,Plass, M. F.,Solis, I.,Uzun, E.,Byoung-Joon Lee,Myeong-Wuk Jang,Dojun Byun,Smetters, D. K.,Thornton, J. D. IEEE 2012 IEEE communications magazine Vol.50 No.7
<P>Information sharing systems such as iCloud, Dropbox, Facebook, and Twitter are ubiquitous today, but all of them depend on massive server infrastructure and always-on Internet connectivity. We have designed and implemented a sharing system that does not require infrastructure yet supports robust, distributed, secure sharing by opportunistically using any and all connectivity, local or global, permanent or transient, to communicate. One key element of this system is a new information routing model that so far has proven to be as scalable and efficient as the best of the current Internet routing protocols, while operating in an environment more complex and dynamic than they can tolerate. The new routing model is made possible by new affordances offered by information-centric networking, in particular, the open source CCN [1] release. This article describes the new system and its routing model, and provides some performance measurements.</P>
Differential Translocation of Protein Kinase C ∈ during HeLa Cell Adhesion to a Gelatin Substratum
Jacobson, Bruce S .,Chun, Jang Soo,Ha, Mahn Joon 경북대학교 유전공학연구소 1997 遺傳工學硏究所報 Vol.12 No.1
The spreading of HeLa cells, following attachment to a collagen or gelatin substratum, requires the activation of protein kinase C (PKC). Membrane-bound PKC was previously shown to be activated during cell attachment and in response to the activation of a series of lipid second messengers turned on by the ligation of β1-integrin collagen receptors. HeLa cells express the α,γ,ε,ζ,λ, and ι isozymes of PKC as determined by Western blotting with specific antibodies. Only PKCε redistributed from the cytosol to the membrane during cell adhesion. Most of the PKCε in cells that were in suspension was in the cytosolic fraction. During cell attachment to a gelatin matrix, all of the PKCε moved out of the cytosol, with most going to the membrane fraction. After the cells became fully spread, PKCε began to reappear in the cytosol. Translocation of PKCε was not observed during the adhesion of cells to culture dishes where cells nonspecifically attach but do not spread. The conventional PKCα and -γ isozymes were translocated from the cytosol to the membrane only when phorbol ester was present at a concentration that increases the rate and extent of cell spreading. Under normal conditions, i.e. in the absence of phorbol ester, PKCε appears to be the PKC isozyme responsible for the regulation of HeLa cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix.
( Ira Jacobson ),( Andrew J. Muir ),( Eric Lawitz ),( Edward Gane ),( Brian Conway ),( Peter J. Ruane ),( Ziad Younes ),( Frances Chen ),( Marianne Camargo ),( Anand P. Chokkalingam ),( C. Stephen Dje 대한간학회 2020 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2020 No.1
Aims: In patients with HCV cirrhosis, a sustained virologic response (SVR) is associated with improved clinical outcomes; however, the temporal course of changes in fibrosis is poorly understood. Our aim was to evaluate changes in noninvasive tests of fibrosis (NITs) in this setting to gain insights into the natural history of cirrhosis regression following removal of the causative exposure. Methods: We studied patients with HCV cirrhosis who achieved SVR with sofosbuvir (SOF)-based regimens (in a trial or clinical practice) in an ongoing, prospective cirrhosis registry (NCT02292706). Patients underwent routine clinical and laboratory assessments, including semi-annual Child-Pugh-Turcotte (CPT) scoring and measurement of the Enhanced Liver Fibrosis (ELF) test, as well as annual liver stiffness measurement by transient elastography (LS by TE). Changes in fibrosis were estimated based on ELF response (defined as ≥0.5 unit reduction), and shifts in estimated fibrosis categories based on ELF (F3, ELF 9.8-11.3; F4, ELF >11.3) and LS by TE (F3, 9.6-12.5 kPa; F4, >12.5 kPa). Logistic regression was used to identify predictors of fibrosis improvement as defined by NITs. Results: 1,574 subjects with HCV cirrhosis (32% female, 39% BMI ≥30 kg/㎡, 7% CPT class B/C) were included in this study; median interval between SVR and registry enrollment was 38 weeks (IQR 27-60). At enrollment, median (IQR) ELF was 14.3 (9.5, 22.1); 586 (37%) and 247 (16%) patients had ELF scores consistent with F3 and F4 fibrosis, respectively. Median LS by TE was 9.9 kPa (9.2, 10.8); 761 (57%) and 227 (17%) patients had LS consistent with F3 and F4 fibrosis, respectively. As of May 2019, median duration of follow-up after registry enrollment was 123 weeks (IQR 96, 168). At week 144, 49% of those with baseline CPT class B/C had improved CPT class, while 98% of those with baseline CPT class A remained in CPT class A. During follow-up, changes in ELF and LS by TE suggested fibrosis improvement in an increasing proportion of patients with both F3 and F4 fibrosis at enrollment (Figure 1). ELF score improved by >0.5 units at week 144 in 27% and 47% of patients with baseline F3 and F4 fibrosis, respectively. Predictors of ELF improvement included higher ELF (P<0.001) and AST (P=0.049), and lower platelets (P=0.02) and BMI (P=0.10) at registry baseline. Conclusions: In patients with cirrhosis in whom HCV has been eradicated by SOF-based therapy, NITs suggest significant fibrosis improvement in 25-50% of patients within 3 years. Associations between reductions in these NITs and improvements in clinical outcomes require evaluation during longer-term follow-up.
Friction of component coatings in lubricated contact
Staffan Jacobson,Sture Hogmark 한국트라이볼로지학회 2002 한국트라이볼로지학회 학술대회 Vol.2002 No.10
The use of low friction wear resistant coatings for machine components is rapidly increasing. These components may operate in any lubrication regime, and less frequently even un lubricated. When run unlubricated it is easy to see the beneficial effect of a low friction coating. However, it has frequently been shown that the coating may also be very beneficial under boundary and mixed lubrication conditions. The present digest briefly presents a few interesting aspects of the use of low friction coatings in lubricated contact illustrated by selected experimental results.
Integrating Labor Relations and Human Resource Management: Impacts on State Workforces
WILLOW S. JACOBSON,AMY K. DONAHUE,ELLEN V. RUBIN 한국행정학회 2008 International Review of Public Administration Vol.13 No.2
What is the combined effect of labor relations and human resources management on results that are important to managers? This article provides a preliminary answer to this question using data from the 50 state governments. Research considering the influence of public sector unions on public sector outcomes typically operationalizes unionization as bivariate, which greatly understates the complexity of the relationships. Furthermore, labor relations research often fails to consider the human resources management systems in which labor relations operates. Considering the effects of labor relations and human resource management policies together on intermediate outcomes such as quality of hires, turnover, and tenure begins to provide a more complete picture of the workforce management system, and provides a roadmap for future research which can be informative for both the public and private sectors.