The contested terrain of sport diplomacy in a globalizing world

Steven J. Jackson1 한국외국어대학교 국제지역연구센터 2013 International Area Studies Review Vol.16 No.3

Sport continues to occupy a rather ambiguous position within the context of politics, foreign policy and diplomatic relations. While one can identify a long list of cases where sport has been credited with diverting conflict, contributing to peace negotiations and helping develop better cultural understanding, there are also many cases where sport has not only fueled conflict but also served as its source. This paper seeks to: (1) highlight the unique features of sport as a cultural site and practice in relation to diplomacy; (2) briefly overview some key dimensions and limitations of sport as an instrument of diplomacy; and (3) offer a preliminary examination of contemporary sport organizations and events in order to understand the implications of the transformational shift occurring between state diplomacy and what might be termed “corporate diplomacy” within an increasingly global context.

Subcellular Localization of the Barley Stripe Mosaic Virus Triple Gene Block Proteins

Lim, Hyoun-Sub,Bragg, Jennifer N.,Ganesan, Uma,Ruzin, Steven,Schichnes, Denise,Lee, Mi Yeon,Vaira, Anna Maria,Ryu, Ki Hyun,Hammond, John,Jackson, Andrew O. American Society for Microbiology 2009 Journal of virology Vol.83 No.18

<B>ABSTRACT</B><P><I>Barley stripe mosaic virus</I> (BSMV) spreads from cell to cell through the coordinated actions of three triple gene block (TGB) proteins (TGB1, TGB2, and TGB3) arranged in overlapping open reading frames (ORFs). Our previous studies (D. M. Lawrence and A. O. Jackson, J. Virol. 75:8712-8723, 2001; D. M. Lawrence and A. O. Jackson, Mol. Plant Pathol. 2:65-75, 2001) have shown that each of these proteins is required for cell-to-cell movement in monocot and dicot hosts. We recently found (H.-S. Lim, J. N. Bragg, U. Ganesan, D. M. Lawrence, J. Yu, M. Isogai, J. Hammond, and A. O. Jackson, J. Virol. 82:4991-5006, 2008) that TGB1 engages in homologous interactions leading to the formation of a ribonucleoprotein complex containing viral genomic and messenger RNAs, and we have also demonstrated that TGB3 functions in heterologous interactions with TGB1 and TGB2. We have now used <I>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</I>-mediated protein expression in <I>Nicotiana benthamiana</I> leaf cells and site-specific mutagenesis to determine how TGB protein interactions influence their subcellular localization and virus spread. Confocal microscopy revealed that the TGB3 protein localizes at the cell wall (CW) in close association with plasmodesmata and that the deletion or mutagenesis of a single amino acid at the immediate C terminus can affect CW targeting. TGB3 also directed the localization of TGB2 from the endoplasmic reticulum to the CW, and this targeting was shown to be dependent on interactions between the TGB2 and TGB3 proteins. The optimal localization of the TGB1 protein at the CW also required TGB2 and TGB3 interactions, but in this context, site-specific TGB1 helicase motif mutants varied in their localization patterns. The results suggest that the ability of TGB1 to engage in homologous binding interactions is not essential for targeting to the CW. However, the relative expression levels of TGB2 and TGB3 influenced the cytosolic and CW distributions of TGB1 and TGB2. Moreover, in both cases, localization at the CW was optimal at the 10:1 TGB2-to-TGB3 ratios occurring in virus infections, and mutations reducing CW localization had corresponding effects on BSMV movement phenotypes. These data support a model whereby TGB protein interactions function in the subcellular targeting of movement protein complexes and the ability of BSMV to move from cell to cell.</P>

Compensatory Neural Reorganization in Tourette Syndrome

Jackson, Stephen ,R.,Parkinson, Amy,Jung, Jeyoung,Ryan, Suzanne ,E.,Morgan, Paul ,S.,Hollis, Chris,Jackson, Georgina ,M. Cell Press 2011 Current biology Vol.21 No.7

<P><B>Summary</B></P><P>Children with neurological disorders may follow unique developmental trajectories whereby they undergo compensatory neuroplastic changes in brain structure and function that help them gain control over their symptoms [1–6]. We used behavioral and brain imaging techniques to investigate this conjecture in children with Tourette syndrome (TS). Using a behavioral task that induces high levels of intermanual conflict, we show that individuals with TS exhibit enhanced control of motor output. Then, using structural (diffusion-weighted imaging) brain imaging techniques, we demonstrate widespread differences in the white matter (WM) microstructure of the TS brain that include alterations in the corpus callosum and forceps minor (FM) WM that significantly predict tic severity in TS. Most importantly, we show that task performance for the TS group (but not for controls) is strongly predicted by the WM microstructure of the FM pathways that lead to the prefrontal cortex and by the functional magnetic resonance imaging blood oxygen level-dependent response in prefrontal areas connected by these tracts. These results provide evidence for compensatory brain reorganization that may underlie the increased self-regulation mechanisms that have been hypothesized to bring about the control of tics during adolescence.</P>

THE WTO 'CONSTITUTION' AND PROPOSED REFORMS SEVEN 'MANTRAS' REVISITED

John H. Jackson 연세법학회 2001 연세법학 Vol.8 No.1

Correction: A universal chemical potential for sulfur vapours

Jackson, A.,Tiana, D.,Walsh, A. THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CHEMISTRY 2016 Chemical Science Vol.7 No.10

Oxidative stress and endometriosis

Jackson, L.W.,Schisterman, E.F.,Dey-Rao, R.,Browne, R.,Armstrong, D. Oxford University Press 2005 Human reproduction Vol.20 No.7

<P>BACKGROUND: Little is known about the aetiology of endometriosis; however, in the presence of oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species might increase growth and adhesion of endometrial cells in the peritoneal cavity, leading to endometriosis and infertility. Within a study investigating persistent organic compounds and endometriosis, the authors evaluated the association between oxidative stress and endometriosis. METHODS: Women aged 18–40 years who were undergoing laparoscopy were contacted to participate in the study (<I>n</I>=100); 84 were eligible and agreed to be interviewed; 78 provided blood specimens. Four markers of oxidative stress and antioxidant status were measured in serum for 61 women. Multiple imputation of missing data was used to generate values for the missing oxidative stress data. RESULTS: Thirty-two women had visually confirmed endometriosis at laparoscopy while 52 did not, including 22 undergoing tubal ligation and 30 with idiopathic infertility. There was a weak association between thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (nmol/ml) and endometriosis, after adjusting for age, body mass index, current smoking, hormone use in the past 12 months, gravidity, serum vitamin E, serum estradiol, and total serum lipids (β=1.18; 95% CI–0.04, 2.39). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that oxidative stress might play a role in the development and progression of endometriosis, which should be evaluated in larger studies.</P>

A Qualitative Assessment of Korean and American Consumers Decision Making Styles

Jackson, Vanessa Prier,Kwon, Hyun-Ju The Korean Home Economics Association 2006 International Journal of Human Ecology Vol.7 No.1

The purpose of this study was to examine the differences in the decision making styles of Korean and American consumers. Focus group interviews were used as the median to collect information related to their methods of approach to a market to buy a universal need such as clothing for personal use. Findings suggest that within each construct, there may be different factors that should be used to measure the decision making styles of Korean and American consumers. It also implies that the previously established Consumer Decision making styles instrument may not be a reliable measure cross-culturally. Recommendations for future research are suggested.

Ginsenoside Content of North American Ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L. Araliaceae) in Relation to Plant Development and Growing Locations

Jackson, Chung Ja C.,Dini, Jean-Paul,Lavandier, Clara,Faulkner, Harold,Rupasinghe, H.P. vasantha,Proctor, John T.A. The Korean Society of Ginseng 2003 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.27 No.3

North American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) was analysed for total ginsenosides and ten major ginsenosides (R$_{0}$ , Rb$_1$, Rb$_2$, Rc, Rd, Re, Rf, Rg$_1$, pseudoginsenoside F$_{11}$ and gypenoside XVII), and variations in ginsenoside content with age of plant (over a four-year-period) and geographic location (Ontario versus British Columbia) were investigated. In the roots the total ginsenoside content increased with age up to 58-100 mgㆍg$^{-1}$ dry weights in the fourth year, but in leaves it remained constant over time. Roots and leaves, moreover, had different proportions of individual ginsenosides. The most abundant ginsenosides were Rb$_1$ (56mgㆍg$^{-1}$ for Ontario; 37mgㆍg$^{-1}$ for British Columbia) and Re (21mgㆍg$^{-1}$ for Ontario; 15 mgㆍg$^{-1}$ for British Columbia) in roots, and Rd (28-38 mgㆍg$^{-1}$ ), Re (20-25 mgㆍg$^{-1}$ ), and Rb$_2$ (13-19 mgㆍg$^{-1}$ ) in leaves. Measurable quantities of Rf were found in leaves (0.4-1.8 mgㆍg$^{-1}$ ) but not in roots or stems. Our results show that ginsenoside profiles in general, and Rf in particular, could be used for chemical fingerprinting to distinguish the different parts of the ginseng plant, and that ginseng leaves could be valuable sources of the ginsenosides Rd, Re, and Rb$_2$.

견계상충증의 임상 (상)

Jackson Ronald F. 대한수의사회 1985 대한수의사회지 Vol.21 No.4

원자력 규제에 대한 도전 - 아시아의 미래와 미국의 경험 -

Jackson Shirley Ann 한국원자력산업회의 1996 원자력산업 Vol.16 No.11