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李星熙,李賢子 안성산업대학교 1983 論文集 Vol.15 No.-
an ecological survey of early childhood nutrition was conducted from June 1 to July 16, 1983, to study the feeding method and weaning practice in An Seong-Gun, Kyonggi-do. This study covered a total of 197 children. The followings are the results of this survey. 1) Breast feeding was 70.6% of infants, bottle feeding, 12,9% and mixed feeding, 16.5%. 2) Only 29.4% of the subjects included began to be fed supplementary food before the age of 6 months. 3) The supplementary food used most frequently by the majority of children at the beginning of weaning was plain cooked rice; rarely preparation not so different from the food eaten by the family. 4) The infants of high educate mother's were greatly faster in the period of weaning and stopping of breast feeding than those of low educated mother's. 5) 55.3% of the subjects were before 12 months, 24.7% were between 13 and 18 months of age, 8.2% were between 19 and 24 months of age, 5.9% of the subjects were before 6months and after 25 months. 6) As for methods of stopping breast feeding 51.8% of the subjects were naturally terminated while 32.9% were forced to terminate by the application of sticking plaster or medicins to the mother's nipples. 7) The remarkable recognition is that the mother's of this rural area shows more high interest in the proper period and the reason for supplementary foods tan those of any other ares. As the result of the above survey, the mother's of this rural area require the nutrition education to improve the weaning practice.
GC-ECD를 이용한 유기염소계 및 Pyrethroid계 농약 동시 분석법
김우성,이선화,김재이,정지윤,이명자,박영채,이영자,정성욱,이봉헌,박흥재 한국환경과학회 2003 한국환경과학회지 Vol.12 No.4
Pesticides were extracted from samples with 70% acetone and methylene chloride in order, and then cleaned up via open-column chromatography apparatus packed with florisil, and finally analyzed simultaneously the organochlorine and pyrethroid pesticides using GC(ECD). An ultra-2 fused silica capillary column was used to separate and identify the products. The resolution between the last isomeric peak of cypermethrin(59.987min) and the first isomeric peak of flucythrinate(60.043min) was not satisfactory. The last isomeric peak of fenvalerate(62.344min) and the first isomeric peak of fluvalinate(62.397min) were overlapped. Recoveries of soybean sample for the most pesticides were 73.3% to 102.4%. Detection limits were between 0.004 and 0.063 ㎍/㎎ when this method was used.
자연농업에 의해 생산된 배추의 품질 및 조리, 가공적성에 관한 연구
이현자,강근옥,황성연 안성산업대학교 1999 論文集 Vol.31 No.-
자연농업으로 재배된 배추와 일반 배추를 이용하여 김치를 담었을 때 숙성중 화학적, 미생물학적 및 관능적인 품질 변화를 알아 본 결과는 다음과 같았다. 자연배추가 일반배추보다 당질이 0.41%, 질산염은 약31배 정도 많았으며 기타 성분은 비슷하였다. 배추통김치의 담금실험에서 초기에 있어서 자연배추통김치의 호기성 전세균수는 일반배추보다 약 70% 이상 세균수가 적었으며 전 젖산균수가 담금 초기부터 급격히 증가하다가 적숙기를 지나서 감소하는 경향은 비슷하였다. 자연 및 일반배추통김치의 숙성기간 중 산도의 변화는 현저한 차이가 있어서 자연배추의 경우는 4주 후에도 식용할 수 있는 정도로 산도가 낮았으나 일반배추의 경우는 2주후부터 산도가 증가하여 식용할 수 없을 정도로 산패되었다. 배추통김치의 관능적 시험결과 자연배추통김치는 담근 2주후부터 일반배추통김치에 비하여 유의성 있게 현저히 우수하였으며 4주 수에도 기호도가 좋아서 일반배추통김치보다 가식기간을 두배 정도 연장할 수 있었다. Studies on chemical microbiological and sensory characteristics of cabbage and kimchi prepared by natural farming and usual farming. In the result, crude total sugar of natural Korean cabbage was 0.41% higher than usual Korean cabbage and other components were almost same. Total aerobic bacteria of natural farming Korean cabbage kimchi was about 70% compared with that of control at early stage of fermentation and total Lactobacilli was occurred vigorously after early stage and decreased gradually after optimum fermented stage at both sample. Changes of acidity of Korean cabbage kimchi during fermentation was remarkably different between natural and usual Korean cabbage kimchi. The acidity of natural Korean cabbage was as low as edible level after four weeks storage at ambient temperature but that of control was so high that usual kimchi could not eat them after two weeks storage. Sensory quality of natural cabbage kimchi was superior after two weeks fermentation compared with that of control and edible period of its could be prolonged twice.
이성희,이현자 안성산업대학교 1992 論文集 Vol.24 No.-
Dried fishes such as dried pollack, dried sliced squid, dried white bait, dried anchovy and dried cod used to the cooking of Korean traditional foods were airpacked with polythylene tube and irradiated with 7 KGY of gamma-ray source. Physiochemical properties was investigated for there changes during storage at ambient temperature for 12 month. 1. The proximate components which are closely related to storeability and quality of dried fishes, moisture content of samples in order of dried anchovy, dried sliced squid, dried cod, dried white bait and dried poolack were 36.3, 29.8, 19.8, 18.9 and 15.5%, respectively and crude fat content in order of dried white bait, dried slices squid, dried anchovy, dried cod and dried poolack were 8.6, 3.9, 3.8, 2.8 and 2.6%, respectively. 2. The physycochemical properites related to the quality evaluation of dried fished during storage, TBA value of samples were not remarkably changed by irradiation and TMA-A content was 5.17-10.32mg% and increased in all groups during storage. 3. Mineral content such as Na, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu and 17 kinds of amino acid content for dried fishes were not changed by irradiation except sulfur containing amino acids which are sensitive to radiation. 4. The color measurement of dried fishes, for lightness, redness and yellowness was showed highter value for irradiated samples than those of control throughout during the storage period
無等山 標高에 따른 季節別 昆蟲相에 關한 硏究(Ⅰ) : -春季分布相-
丁聖淑,金美蓮,金奎眞,吳貞子 全南大學校 農漁村開發硏究所 1992 農業科學技術硏究 Vol.27 No.-
無等山 標高에 따른 季節別 昆蟲相을 調査하기 위해 1991-1992年 2個年에 걸쳐 調査한 結果를 要約하면 다음과 같다. 1. 無等山의 봄에 分布하는 昆蟲種類는 總 10目 39科 120種이 調査되었다. 2. 標高別 調査에서는 100-500M에서 10目 37科 110種이, 500-900m에서는 9目 35科 101種이, 900-1200m에서는 5目 12科 18種이 調査되었다. 3. 표고에 따른 출현빈도가 높고 발생량이 많은 種은 100-500m 에서는 흰나비科의 줄흰나비(Artogeia napi), 배추흰나비 (Artogeia rapae), 배추흰나비 (Artogeia rapae), 네발나비科의 청띠신선나비 (kanisha canace), 애기세줄나비 (Neptis dsppho), 풍뎅이科의 검정풍뎅이 (Holotrichia kiotensis), 꿀벌科의 꿀벌(Apis melica), 뒤영벌科의 어리호박벌(Xylocopa appendiculata)로 밝혀졌고, 500-900m 사이에서는 네발나비科의 애기세줄나비(Neptis dssppho), 허리노린재科의 큰허리노린재(Molipteryz fulignosa), 집게벌레科의 노란다리민집게벌리(Euborellia pallopes), 꿀벌科의 꿀벌(Apis melifica)이었고 900-1200m에서는 부전나비科의 부전나비(Pelbejus angus), 꿀벌科의 꿀벌 Apis melifica), 길앞잡이科의 아이누길앞잡이(Cicindela gemmata)等이었다. 4. 무등산 정상인 1,000-1,200m 지대에서 봄에만 볼수있는 종으로서 호랑나비科의 이른봄애호랑나비(Luehdorfia puzilor), 흰나비과의 갈고리나비(Anthocharis scolymus) 2種이 관찰되었다. This study was carried out to investigate the insects fauna of Mt. Mudeung in spring season from 1991 to 1992. The results obtain summaries as follows. 1. The total of 120 species belongs to 39 families of 10 orders were investigated. 2. In different sea levels,10 orders 37 families 110 species at 100-500m. 9 orders 35 families 101 species at 500-900m and 5 orders 12 families 18 species at 900-1200m in sea level investigated respectively. 3. High grequency and population density of Insects by sea level were investigated : Artogeia rapae, Kanisha canace, Neotis dspho, Holotrichia kiotensis, Apis melifica and Xylocopa appendiculata in 100-500m. Plebejus angus, Apis melifica and Cicinedela gemmata in 900-1200m above sea level. 4. Both species of Luehdorfia puzilor and Anthocharis solymus were observed at 1000-1200m of Mt.Mudeung as species appeared only spring season.
김자성 한국헤세학회 2003 헤세연구 Vol.10 No.-
Das Hauptthema in den spaten Werken Rilkes ist die Uberwindung des verganglichen Menschendaseins. Die Beziehung zwischen Raum, Zeit und Tod wirkt freilich nirgendwo enger als in seinen spaten Dichtungen. Der Mensch hat die falsche Todesanschaung. Im allgemeinen hat man den Tod als den Hohenpunkt der Verga nglichkeit angesehen. Das menschliche Bewußtsein enthalt zugleich bluhen und verdorren, Gegenwart und Zukunft. Diese bisherige Todesanschaung hat Rilke kritisiert und ausgedruckt, daß wir das großte Bewußtsein unseres Daseins zu entwickeln haben. Aber der Tod ist die unbeschienene Seite des Lebens. Weil die wahre Lebensgestalt durch beide Gebiete reicht, mussen wir versuchen, das großte Bewußtsein unseres Daseins zu leisten, das in beiden unabgegrenzten Bereichen zu hause ist. Liebe als personales Gefuhl schlechthin schien die Isolation des Einzelnen uberwinden und im erfullten Augenblick sogar die Verganglichkeit in reine Dauer verwandeln zu konnen. Liebe bedeutet in diesem Zusammenhang also nicht mehr die Zuneigung zu einem bestimmten Menschen. Lieben heißt, sich auch an das Entsetzliche hinzugeben und es in dieser Hingabe als Bestandteil der eigenen Existenz anzuerkennen. Damit werden traditionelle Vorstellungen von Personalitat und Liebe aufgegeben zugunsten einer Auffassung, die in dem physischen Ursprung des Gefuhls den eigentlichen Grund des Subjekts sieht und damit zugleich das Verschwinden des Subjekts als einer metaphysischen Entitat konstatiert. Vorbildlich erscheint bei den Helden wie bei den fruh Sterbenden, daß ihre Na he zum Tod der Ruhmlichkeit ihres Lebens keinen Abbruch tut, anders als es die Elegien sonst fur die menschliche Existenz beklagen. Der Held wird mit der Sonne vergleichen, die aufgeht, ihre Bahn uber den Himmel zieht und dabei im Laufe eines Jahres ins veranderte Sternbild tritt. Die Bahn des Helden scheint ebenso naturlichen Gesetzen zu folgen. Es ist eine Bewegung ohne Ruhe und doch ist Dasein in ihr, welches den Elegien fur die menschliche Existenz fragwurdig geworden ist. Das Leben des Helden ist eine einzige Bewegung von Aufgang und Untergang, die keinen Moment zum Stilstand kommt. Wenn bereits der Aufgang des Helden ist und sein Untergang nur Vorwand zu sein, so wird der Held eine positive Gegenfigur zur sonstigen menschlichen Existenzweise des fortwahrenden Schwindens, die ahnlich wie die jungen Toten, die großen Liebenden, das Kind, das Tier und nicht zuletzt der Engel Vorbildcharakter dadurch erhalt, daß sie nicht vom Bewußtsein ihrer Sterblichkeit eschuttert wird. Wir werden diese Existenzform des Helden mit dem Wort ‘Behandlungsweise mit unendlichem Aufgang’ bezeichnen. In Rilkes Duineser Elegien und Die Sonette an Orpheus geht es um die Wirklichkeit des Menschen. Entscheidend wie sonst nirgends hat der Dichter in den Duineser Elegien von Mensch und Leben gesprochen. Die vorliegende Arbeit zielt auf die Untersuchung zum Wesen von Menschenddasein in letzten Dichtungen Rilkes.
금강 수서생태계의 구조와 기능에 관한 연구 : 담수어류
방성자,최신석,홍영표 忠南大學校 環境問題硏究所 1995 環境硏究 Vol.13 No.-
The freshwater fish fauna in mid-lower area was investigated from March 1995 to October and its community structure was analyzed. 1. The collected fishes were classified 39 species belonging to 5 subfamilies 12 families, of which 24 species were Cyprinus family. 2. Dominant species was Hemibargus longirostris in March, Mugil cephalus in May, Culter eingenmanni in August, Microphysogobio tuntingensis in October. 3. 9 species of total collected fish were Korea endemic species and subspecies that they were Acheilognathus yamatsutae, Acanthorhodeus gracilis, Gnathopogon strigatus, Squalidus japonicas, Microphysogobio yaluensis, Culter eigenmanni, Cobitis choii, Odontobutis odontobutis interrupta. 4. In investigated stations dominant species was Sarcocheilichthys wakiyae in the site 1, Sualidus japonicas in the site 2, Erythroculter erythropterus in the sit 3, Opsariichthys bidens in the site 4, Culter eingenmani in the site 5, Mugil cephalus in the site 6. 5. In investigated stations protective species was Sarcochilichthys wakiyae, S. curriculus, Acheilognathus rhombea. 6. As a result community analysis, species diversity and species richness were in the highest value in the site 1, community structure was stable. Dominance index was in the highest value in the site 6 because Mugil cephalus was 41% of the total collected species in the same site, and species diversity was in the lowest value.
텔레비전 브라운관 생산업체 남자 근거리 검사작업자에서 시력, 눈물분비기능의 변화
김성아,천병렬,김상우,정상재,이광자 大韓産業醫學會 2001 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.13 No.4
목적 : 장기간의 근거리검사작업이 굴절력 및 눈물분비량의 감소를 초래하는지를 관찰하고자 3년간추적 연구를 시행하였다. 방법 : 구미소재 일개 TV브라운관 제조공작의 미세한 이상여부를 확인하는 검사작업에 종사하는 남자 근로자 396명 중 정시안, 눈물분비기능이 정상, 40세 미만이며 3년간 추적가능했던 65명을 대상으로 하였다. 시력, 색신 검사 외에 자동굴절력검사, 누액분비검사, 안증상, 근무기간, 실제 검사작업을 수행하는 시간, 일상생활중 TV시청 및 VDT사용시간,작업환경에 대한 불편감, 안경착용여부 등에 대한 설문조사를 시행하였다. 이중 누액분비검사는 쉬르머 I검사로써 1996년과 1998년에만 실시되었으며, 시력및 누액분비기능의 변화가 안증상과 관련이 있는지를 보기 위한 설문조사는 1999년에 시행되었다. 결과 : 32개월간의 구면굴절력의 변화량은 좌우안모두 0.18D(diopter)였으며, 년간 변화량은 0.068D/yr로서 근시화되는 방향으로 진행하였다 20개월간의 눈물의 변화량은 좌안이 6.57 mm/s min, 우안이 6.40 mm/5 min만큼 감소하였다. 30세 이하 연령군과 2년 미만 근무군에서 0.5 D 이상 감소한 빈도가 높았으나 유의한 차이는 없었으며, 조명, 소음,공기에 대한 주관적인 상태와 작업시간외 영상화면사용시간에 따른 차이도 없었다 안불편감의 호소율은 52.3 %이었고 굴절력의 변화, 나안시력의 변화, 눈물분비변화량에 따른 차이는 없었다. 연령, 근무기간과도 관계가 없었고, 조명, 공기, 소음에 대한주관적인 상태에 따른 차이도 없었으나 작업시간외영상화면사용시간이 4시간 이상에서 4시간 미만에 비해 유의하게 높았다. 구면굴절력, 나안시력 및 눈물분비 변화량, 20개월 후의 눈물분비상태, 나이,근무기간, 불량한 조명, 일상생활중 VDT 혹은 TV시청을 독립변수로 하고 안불편감여부를 종속변수로하여 로지스틱 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 유의한 변수는 작업시간외 영상화면의 사용시간으로 4시간 이상인 군이 4시간 미만인 군이 비해 비차비가 10.5(95% 신뢰구간 1. S~73.9)이었다. 결론 : 근거리 검사작업자에서 굴절력 및 눈물분비의 저하가 관찰되었으며, 그 방향은 근시화 및 건성안의 진행방향이었으나, 눈물분비의 저하는 유의한 정도는 아니었고, 근거리검사작업으로 인한 부가적인 근시화의 영향은 관찰되지 않았다. 근거리작업자의 안건강관리측면에서 시력뿐만 아니라, 눈물분비기능, 눈물층의 상태 등을 포함한 안건강프로그램이 필요하다. Objectives : The aim of this field-based longitudinal study was to investigate the effects of near-work on lacrimation and visual function, particularly refractive power. Methods : Our study tracked sixty five male workers for about three years by means of ophthalmologic examinations and questionnaires, to collect data including eye symptoms and subjective work environmental factors. Ophthalmic examinations included visual acuity, Shirmer I test, and autorefractometry. In the first year, the inclusion criteria were ages less than 40 years, no history of ophthalmic diseases, emmetropia (-1.0 ≤spherical refractive power〈 1.0) and normal lacrimation. Results : Over a period of 32 months, spherical equivalents were decreased as much as 0.18D (diopter) for LE(left eye) and 0.18D for RE (right eye). Lacrimation by Shirmer's I test during 20 months were decreased as much as 6.57 mm/5min for LE, and 6.40 mm/5min for RE. Although more myopic-changed workers demonstrated young age (〈30 years) and short work duration (〈2 years), there was no significance to this correlation. Additionally, subjective work environmental factors such as poor illumination, noise, uncomfortable air and daily use of VDT and/or TV were shown to have no significant effect. However, as for eye discomfort, which was reconstructed from several dry eye symptoms, the daily use of VBT and/or TV was a significant variable. According to a logistic regression analysis concerning the effects of refractive power, lacrimation, work duration, poor illumination, and daily use of VDT and/or TV on eye discomfort, only daily use of VDT and/or TV greater than 4 hours displayed OR of 10.5. Conclusions : Myopic changes due to near work were not observed, however lacrimal function was changed in workers. These results suggest that we should consider various factors such as lacrimation, tear film and refraction as well as visual acuity in order to establish an eye care program among near-work performing employees.
김자현,유성진,김병권,전형준,박종태,김해준 大韓産業醫學會 2008 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.20 No.1
배경: 트리클로로에틸렌은 중추신경계에 주로 작용하는 유해 발암물질로서 사용 및 관리 에 주의가 필요하다. 최근까지도 영세사업장을 중심으로 트리클로로에틸렌을 사용함으로 인해 지속적으로 트리클로로에틸렌 중독에 의한 산업재해가 발생하고 있음에도 불구하고 트리클로로에틸렌 중독에 관한 연구 및 보고가 많지 않다. 사례: 환자는 장기간 금속부품 세척 공장에서 트리클로로에틸렌에 노출되었으며,건망증 및 말더듬 증상과 함께 식욕감소와 성욕감소를 동반한 전반적 의욕부진과 우울감정이 양손의 이상감각 및 저림, 통증과 함께 나타났다. 신경전도검사에서 자율신경계의 이상소견을 보였으나,자기공명영상 검사 결과 소뇌의 위축 등의 기질적 이상 소견 및 중추신경계의 감염이나 종양 등은 없었으며 대사 장애나 전해질 이상도 보이지 않았다. 저자들은 환자가 전자부품 세척 공정에서 트리클로로에틸렌을 사용하였다는 점을 중시하여 요중 총삼염화물의 농도를 검사한 결과 과량의 요중 총삼염화물이 검출되어 임상적으로 트리클로로에틸렌 중독을 진단할 수 있었다. 노출은 입원과 동시에 중단되었다. 요중 총삼염화물의 농도는 입원직후 3,331.1 mg/g creatinine, 입원 후 3일째 347.9 mg/g creatinine,입원 후 5일째 64.6 mg/g creatinne으로 감소하였다. 주요 증상이었던 손발 저림과 통증의 급격한 호전을 보였고,우울감 등의 기분장애와 술 취한 느낌,발기부전,말더듬 등의 증상이 입원 후 시행 한 요중 총삼염화물의 농도 감소에 따라 단계적인 회복을 보였다. 결과: 트리클로로에틸렌의 저농도 만성 노출에서 신경 정신증상을 동반한 중독 증상이 나타날 수 있으며,이로 인해 발생한 신경정신증상이 정신과적 절환으로 판단되어 적절한 진단,치료 및 노출 평가가 어려울 수 있다. 트리클로로에틸렌 취급 근로자에서 신경정신증상이 나타나는지를 검토하여 이것이 트리클로로에틸렌 노출로 인한 것인지를 조기에 파악하려는 노력이 필요하다. Background: Trichloroethylene (TCE) has been widely used as a typewriter correction fluid, Paint remover, adhesive, spot removers and, particularly, as a degreasing agent in metal-fabricating operation. However, few studies have reported on the effects of TCE intoxication, in spite of numerous occupation al accidents arising from TCE intoxication, even until quite recently used in small companies. TCE affects mainly the central nervous system (CNS) and is carcinogenic, even when carefully used and managed. Case report: A 48-year-o1d male worker visited our hospital complaining of decreased motivation and general weakness, In history taking, the patient had suffered insomnia, memory disturbance, stuttering, loss of interest and sexual desire, depressive mood for 4 years, dysesthesia with tingling sensation and pain in both extremities, and a nauseas feeling similar to a hangover which had been aggravated for 4 months before admission. The patient had been engaged in metal degreasing with TCE for 8 years. Electromyography indicated disturbance of autonomic function, but there was neither peripheral neuropa-thy nor cervical radiculopathy. Organic abnormalities including cerebellar atrophy and CNS infection were ruled out, while there was no indication of malignancy in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and metabolic disorders and electrolyte imbalances in laboratory test. The authors performed biological monitoring for the possible exposed chemicals. Urinary 2,5-hexanedione, a metabolite of n-hexane, was undetected but 3,331.1 mg/g creatinine of urinary trichloro-compounds, a metabolite of TCE, was detected. The patient was diagnosed as TCE intoxication due to a level of urinary trichloro-compounds in excess of the normal range (300 mg/g creatinine), in addition to an occupational history and clinical symptoms. TCE exposure was stopped in admission and the neuropsychiathc symptoms of the patient were improved as the urinary thchloro-compounds were decreased from 3,331.1 mg/g creatinine to 64.6 mg/g creatinine in 5 days. Conclusion: Low-dose, chronic TCE intoxication shows neuropsychiatric symptoms, which are often misrecognized merely as a psychiatric disorder; its appropriate diagnosis, early treatment and exposure assessment are therefore difficult. The neuropsychiatric symptoms in workers who have been exposed to TCE should be monitored, detailed job history should be taken and biological monitoring should be conducted to gain early insight of chronic TCE exposure.