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Comparison of the main compounds in Fuding white tea infusions from various tea types
Junxian Pan,Yulan Jiang,Yangjun Lv,Man Li,Shikang Zhang,Jun Liu,Yuejin Zhu,Haihua Zhang 한국식품과학회 2018 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.27 No.5
The purpose of this study was to compare the main components, and particularly catechins, caffeine, theanine, free amino acids, and water extracts, in Bai Hao Yin Zhen, Bai Mu Dan, and Shou Mei Fuding white tea infusions brewed at different temperatures, and their contributions to taste were estimated by dose-over-threshold value. Infusion temperature had a distinct effect on the main components extracted, and 100 C was found to be optimal for extracting catechins and caffeine. However, the effect of temperature on theanine, free amino acids, and water extracts varied with tea type. Bai Mu Dan and Shou Mei yielded a higher content of the major compounds than did Bai Hao Yin Zhen. Thus, infusion temperature had a large effect on extracting the main compounds, and the differences in content between the three white teas presumably reflected differences in the harvest time, processing method or leaf shape.
Spine Surgical Robotics: Current Status and Recent Clinical Applications
Jiangtao Wang,Junxian Miao,Yi Zhan,Yongchao Duan,Yuanshun Wang,Dingjun Hao,Biao Wang 대한척추신경외과학회 2023 Neurospine Vol.20 No.4
With the development of artificial intelligence and the further deepening of medical-engineering integration, spine surgical robot-assisted (RA) technique has made significant progress and its applicability in clinical practice is constantly expanding in recent years. In this review, we have systematically summarized the majority of literature related to spine surgical robots in the past decade, and not only classified robots accordingly, but also summarized the latest research progress in RA technique for screw placement such as cervical, thoracic, and lumbar pedicle screws, cortical bone trajectory screws, cervical lateral mass screws, and S2 sacroiliac screws; guiding targeted puncture and placement of endoscope via the intervertebral foramen; complete resection of spinal tumor tissue; and decompressive laminectomy. In addition, this report also provides a detailed evaluation of RA technique’s advantages and disadvantages, and clarifies the accuracy, safety, and practicality of RA technique. We consider that this review can help clinical physicians further understand and familiarize the current clinical application status of spine surgical robots, thereby promoting the continuous improvement and popularization of RA technique, and ultimately benefiting numerous patients.
김찬경,Chang Kon Kim,Kyung A Lee,Junxian Chen,이해황,이본수 대한화학회 2008 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.29 No.7
Theoretical studies on the un-catalyzed and catalyzed aminations of ketene with NH3 and (NH3)2, respectively, were studied using MP2 and hybrid density functional theory of B3LYP at the 6-31+G(d,p) and 6- 311+G(3df,2p) basis sets in the gas phase and in benzene and acetonitrile solvents. In the gas phase reaction, the un-catalyzed mechanism was the same as those previously reported by others. The catalyzed mechanism, however, was more complicated than expected requiring three transition states for the complete description of the C=O addition pathways. In the un-catalyzed amination, rate determining step was the breakdown of enol amide but in the catalyzed reaction, it was changed to the formation of enol amide, which was contradictory to the previous findings. Starting from the gas-phase structures, all structures were re-optimized using the CPCM method in solvent medium. In a high dielectric medium, acetonitrile, a zwitterions formed from the reaction of CH2=C=O with (NH3)2, I(d), exists as a genuine minimum but other zwitterions, I(m) in acetonitrile and I(d) in benzene become unstable when ZPE corrected energies are used. Structural and energetic changes induced by solvation were considered in detail. Lowering of the activation energy by introducing additional NH3 molecule amounted to ca. −20 ~ −25 kcal/mol, which made catalyzed reaction more facile than un-catalyzed one.
Kim, Hyea Hyun,Chung, Eric,Wang, Junxian Elsevier 2017 Journal of computational physics Vol.349 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>BDDC and FETI-DP algorithms are developed for three-dimensional elliptic problems with adaptively enriched coarse components. It is known that these enriched components are necessary in the development of robust preconditioners. To form the adaptive coarse components, carefully designed generalized eigenvalue problems are introduced for each faces and edges, and the coarse components are formed by using eigenvectors with their corresponding eigenvalues larger than a given tolerance <SUB> λ T O L </SUB> . Upper bounds for condition numbers of the preconditioned systems are shown to be C <SUB> λ T O L </SUB> , with the constant <I>C</I> depending only on the maximum number of edges and faces per subdomain, and the maximum number of subdomains sharing an edge. Numerical results are presented to test the robustness of the proposed approach.</P>