잔해와 파편의 시어 -김종삼, 『북 치는 소년』의 경우

김종훈 ( Jong Hoon Kim ) 민족어문학회 2013 어문논집 Vol.- No.68

김종삼 시는 비극적 시대 현실을 배경으로 한다. 이 글은 김종삼의 절제된 언 어의 한 쪽에는 『민간인』과 같은 잔상과 여백의 시어가 있는 반면, 또 다른 한 쪽 에는 『북 치는 소년』과 같은 잔해와 파편의 시어가 있다고 상정하였다. 이와 같은 가설에 타당성을 주는 견해가 한국 현대시의 담론 영역으로 유입되기 시작한 ``현대시의 알레고리`` 담론이다. 현대시의 알레고리 시어는 역사의 폐허에서 종합 의지를 상실한 듯한 파편의 시어들로 요약할 수 있는데, 이는 김종삼 시에서 잔상과 여백뿐만 아니라 폐허에 대한 인식을 끌어들인다. 김종삼의 『북 치는 소년』은 현대시의 알레고리 미학을 반영한 전형적인 시이다. 시인의 냉철한 분석의식이 감지되고 있으며, 시어들은 현실의 잔해처럼 고립되어 있다. 시의 한 구절 "내용 없는 아름다움"의 ``내용 없는``은 부서진 원관념, 진보의 거짓환상을 벗겨낸 현실과, ``아름다움``은 흩어진 보조관념, 현실의 파편들과 역설적으로 대응한다. 현대시의 알레고리는 김종삼의 시적 개성을 뚜렷하게 하는 미학이라고 할 수 있다. 김종삼의 시에는『북 치는 소년』의 특성을 따르는 시가 여럿 보인다. 따라서 이러한 독법은 김종삼이 당대 폐허로 인식된 현실을 외면하지 않았다는 것을 증 명할 뿐만 아니라 알레고리 시학을 토대로 한 김종삼 시들의 계보를 형성하는 데 도움을 준다. Kim, Jong-sam`s poems are based on reality in the tragic age. This articles starts assuming Kim Jong Sam`s temperate language contains poetic words of afterimages and blanks in "Civilian" on one hand and there are those of remains and fragments in "Drummer Boy" on the other hand, This assumption is supported by the discourse of "Allegory of Modern Poetry" starting to flow into the discourse of Korean Modern poetry. Allegoric poetic words of modern poetry can be summarized with those of fragments which seem to lose general will in the remains of history. This feature shows recognition on remains as well as afterimages and blanks in Kim, Jong-sam`s poems. "Drummer Boy" by Kim, Jong-sam is a fine example reflecting aesthetics of allegory of the contemporary poetry. The poet`s cool-head sense of analysis is detected and poetic words are isolated like remains of reality. "Contentless" in one phrase from the poem "Contentless beauty" corresponds to broken original concept, reality stripping off false fantasy of progress while "beauty" to scattered subsidiary concept, remains of reality, paradoxically. Allegory of modern poetry is the aesthetics showing clearly Kim, Jong-sam`s poetic uniqueness. His other poems follow features of "Drummer Boy". This reading proves Kim, Jong-sam never ignored reality recognized as remains of the age and helps to form genealogy of his poetry based on the allegory poetics.

해방기 시어의 일면

김종훈(Kim, Jong-Hoon) 한국시학회 2015 한국시학연구 Vol.- No.42

이 논문은 정지용과 조지훈의 시를 대상으로 해방기 시어의 일면을 살핀 시도이다. 1935년 개척된 시어의 영역은 반봉건?반외세?민족국가 설립이라는 시대정신의 자장 안에서 축소되었다. 고어나 한자어는 새로움에 위배되는 것으로, 방언은 규정에 어긋나는 것으로 ‘표준어’와 대치되고 있었다. 정지용이 개척했던 여러 개성적인 시어, 고어와 한자어에 관심이 컸던 조지훈의 시어, 두 시인의 시어가 시대정신의 압력에 어떠한 반응을 했는지 파악하는 것이 이 글의 목적이다. 한자어와 고유어의 대결에서 한자어가 밀려나는 모습이 해방 이후 정지용의 시에는 담겨 있다. 보편성을 기반으로 한 고어나 방언이나 조어가 주류 시에 포함될 기회가 지연되었던 것이다. 조지훈은 해방 전 창작한 시에서 유서 깊은 대상의 고유명사를 한자어에 담았다. 그의 한자어는 고어와 밀착했다. 해방 이후 조지훈 시에는 특정 대상을 지칭하는데 쓰이는 한자어가 아니라 일상생활에서 쓰이는 한자어가 등장했다. 조지훈의 시는 스승인 정지용과 걸었던 길과 교차하며 갈라졌다. 정지용은 시대 현실과 유리된 동시에서 고유어를 적극적으로 활용하며 시적 이력을 마감했고 조지훈은 시대현실이 투영된 관념적 추상어들을 보여주며 남한 시단의 일반적인 흐름에 동참하였다. This article is an attempt to review the trends of the poetic words in the time of Koream Liberation focusing on poems by Jeong Ji Yong and Cho Ji Hoon. In 1935, the scope of pioneered poetic words was reduced into the field of to build an anti-feudal, against-foreign, and national country. Old or words in Chinese letters were considered as new ones while dialects were regarded as violation of the regulation to the standard language. This article aims at figuring out how poetic words by Jeong Ji Yong who pioneered diverse original words for poetry and by Cho Ji Hoon, who had great interest in old words and one in Chinese letters, have reacted by suppress of the ethos of the time. Jeong Ji Yong’s poems after the liberation contains defeat of words in Chinese letters in the competition between original Korean words and it. After Jeong Ji Yong, the possibilities of universal old words, dialects, and coined words were gone. Cho Ji Hoon included the proper nouns of the old objects consisting of Chinese-derived words in his poems before the Liberation. His use of words in Chinese letters were closely tied to old words. Since the Liberation, Cho Ji Hoon"s poems showed daily-used words in Chinese letters not one designating a specific object. Cho Ji Hoon"s poems separated from those of Jeong Ji Yong, intersecting with them. Jeong Ji Yong used original Korean words actively in the situation isolated from the reality at that time and finished his career as a poet while Cho Ji Hoon showed idealistic abstract words reflecting the reality of the time, participating in general flow of poetry in South Korea.

Ropivacaine 을 이용한 경막의 마취시 Clonidine 병용의 효과

김종일,조영훈,이상곤,민병우,이지향,반종석 대한마취과학회 2001 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.41 No.4

Effects of Clonidine Added to Ropivacaine in Epidural Anesthesia Young-Hoon Cho, M.D., Ji-Hyang Lee, M.D., Sang-Gon Lee, M.D., Jong-Il Kim, M.D.^*, Jong-Suk Ban, M.D., and Byung-Woo Min, M.D. Department of Anesthesiology, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu, Korea ^*Kim Jong Il Pain clinic, Daegu, Korea Background: Clonidine has been regarded as an adequate supplementary anesthetic during epidural anesthesia and has been used with local anesthetics such as bupivacaine or lidocaine to support the effects of these anesthetics. The authors would examine whether clonidine is an adequate supplementary anesthetic when it is used with ropivacaine during epidural ane-sthesia. Methods: Thirty-two healthy patients undergoing a hip or lower limb surgery were diveded into two groups. In group 1, 0.5% ropivacaine 15 ml was administered. In group 2, 0.5% ropivacaine 15 ml combined with clonidine 150 ㎍ was administered. Onset, duration and maximal height of sensory block were assessed. Sedation score, blood pressure and heart rate were measured. Results: Duration of sensory block of group 2 was significantly longer than that of group 1. Sedation score of group 2 was significantly higher than that of group 1. Blood pressure of group 2 was sig-nificantly lower thatn that of group 1 at 50 min, 70 min and 90 min after epidural injection. No significant differences were observed in onset of sensory block and heart rate between the two groups. Conclusions: The addition of clonidine to ropivacaine during epidural anesthesia prolonged duration of sensory block and produced useful sedation. It caused relatively stable hemodynamic changes. These results suggest that clonidine is an adequate supplementary anesthetic when it is used with ropivacaine during epidural anesthesia. (Korean J Anesthesiol 2001; 41: 428~433)

근대 시론의 극복과 불교적 사유

김종훈(Kim, Jong-Hoon) 한국시학회 2016 한국시학연구 Vol.- No.45

정효구의『붓다와 함께 쓰는 시론』(푸른사상, 2015)은 근대시론과 서양시론을 극복하기 위해 시론과 불교적 사유를 접목한 시도이다. 저자는 시와 대승불교의 유사성을 살핀 뒤, 이를 통해 확장되는 시학의 영역에 주목한다. 그 내용을 요약하면 다음과 같다. 시의 마음은 곧 불교의 마음이고 시의 언어는 공(空)의 언어를 사용한다. 소아(小我)에서 벗어나 대아(大我)와 무아(無我)의 세계로 접어들 때 견자(見者)의 시선을 지닌 시인이 탄생한다. 만물은 불심(佛心)을 내재하고 있기 때문에 깨우치면 모두 구원의 뜻을 품을 수 있다. 그렇기 때문에 ‘함께’ 깨달음을 얻는 공동체적 사유가 시인과 시에 필요하다. 저자가 주목한 연기론의 시각은 개성적인 여러 시인과 상충하는 미학을 하나로 묶어 이해하는 데 기여했다. 언어뿐만 아니라 침묵 또는 여백을 중요하게 다룬 부분도 주목할 만하다. 조화와 균형을 이룬 공동체를 지향하고 마음 안에 이상향을 설정한 것 또한 특별해 보인다. 분리된 세계가 아니라 귀환하는 세계로 설정된 이상향은 순환론적 세계를 표상하면서 동시에 누구나 도달할 수 있는 불심(佛心)을 환기한다. 시적 사유의 영역이 확장한 부분이 바로 이곳이다. Jeong, Hyo-Goo"s Poetics and Buddhism(Prunsasang, 2015) is an attempt to link poetics and buddhist thinking in order to overcome modern and western poetics. The authors review similarities between poetry and Mahayana Buddhism and pays attention on the scope of poetics is expanded by them. The contents are summarized as follows: Poetic mind is buddhist mind and language of poem uses that of emptiness. Escaping from smallerself and entering into large-self and non-self(Anatman), a poet with view of voyant is born. Buddhist mind is inherent in all things and if realizing it, everyone can have mind of salvation. Therefore, communal thinking for realization of "together-ness" is required for a poet and his poems. The view of Karma attracting the author"s attention has contributed to understanding several poets with their own uniqueness and conflicting aesthetics as one. And it is noticeable to treat seriously silence or empty space as well as language. It also seems that it looks forward to community with harmony and balance and to set a utopia in mind. A utopia set as returning world not separate one represents cyclical worldview and rouses buddhist mind which everyone can arrive at. The expanded scope of poetic thinking is here.

아미노글리코사이드 사용제한에 따른 병원성 균혈증 유발 그람음성간균의 내성변화 및 임상적 의의

오종택,김신우,손종원,도병훈,한승우,신병철,박지현,이종명,김능수 대한감염학회 2003 감염과 화학요법 Vol.35 No.4

목적 : 항균제 오남용으로 인한 내성균의 출현, 약물부작용의 발생 및 약제 비용의 증가는 환자 개인뿐만 아니라 사회적으로 문제가 되고 있다. 본 연구는 항생제의 오남용을 막기 위한 제도의 일환으로 시행한 아미노글리코사이드 사용 제한정책의 비용 효과적인 측면을 조사하고 그람음성간균에 의해 병원성 균혈증이 발생한 환자들을 대상으로 이 정책이 항생제 내성률과 환자 사망률에 미치는 영향을 연구하였다. 방법 : 930병상 규모의 3차 병원인 일개 대학병원에서 아미노글리코사이드 사용제한정책이 시행된 직후인 2002년 3월에서 9월 사이에 그람음성간균(Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter aerogenes, Serratia marcescens, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Burkholderia cepacia)에 의해 발생한 병원성 균혈증 환자 60명(실험군)과, 이 정책이 시행되기 전에 입원한 환자들 중 균주별로 같은 수만큼 선별한 병원성 균혈증 환자 60명(대조군)의 의무기록을 후향적으로 조사하였다. 결과 : 아미노글리코사이드 사용제한정책이 시행된 시기인 2002년 3월에서 9월 사이에 처방된 아미노글리코사이드 사용량 및 비용을 이 정책이 시행되기 전인 2001년 3월에서 9월 사이와 비교한 결과, 아미노글리코사이드의 사용량(antimicrobial utilization density)은 사용제한 후 225.2에서 130.3으로 42% 감소하였고 약제 비용은 44% 감소하였다. 아미노글리코사이드 사용제한 후 병원성 균혈증을 유발한 그람 음성간균의 이 항생제에 대한 내성률은 유의한 변화를 보이지 않았으며 균혈증과 직접 연관된 사망률도 환자의 나이, 성별, 기저질환 및 원발병소 등을 보정할 경우 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다(40.4% vs. 24.1%, P=0.11). 결론 : 아미노글리코사이드를 5일을 초과한 사용 시 감염전문가의 사전 승인을 필요로 하는 사용제한정책은 아미노글리코사이드의 사용량과 비용을 유의하게 감소시켰다. 또한 이 정책 시행 후 그람음성간균에 의한 균혈증 환자에서 균혈증으로 인한 사망률과 아미노글리코사이드에 대한 내성률은 유의한 차이가 없었다. Objective : To evaluate the effects of an aminoglycoside restriction policy on expenditures for aminoglycosides, antimicrobial resistance rates and clinical outcome of nosocomial bacteremia caused by Gram-negative bacilli (GNB). Methods : Starting in February, 2002, a prior consultation with an infectious disease specialist for using aminoglycoside antibiotics over 5 days was required in a 930-bed university hospital. In retrospective analysis of medical records 7 months after initiation of the aminoglycoside restriction policy, sixty cases of clinically relevant nosocomial bacteremia caused by GNB were found. These bacteremic patients were compared with sixty, species-matched, control patients with nosocomial Gramnegative bacteremia before the policy for total expenditures for aminoglycosides, susceptibility to antibiotics and clinical outcomes of bacteremia. Results : During the same period of 7 months before and after the restriction policy, total expenditures for aminoglycosides decreased by 44% in cost (from 465,030,841 Won to 259,618,337 Won) and the antimicrobial utilization density of aminoglycosides decreased by 42% (from 225,2 to 130.3). On the other hand, the patterns of antibiotic susceptibility and bacteremia-related in-hospital mortality rates after the policy did not show a significant change, compared with those before the policy. Conclusion : Antibiotic restrictions are among the most popular methods to diminish the practice of antibiotic overuse in hospitals. In this study, requirement for prior approval of aminoglycoside use over 5 days led to a significant decrease in the amount and cost of total aminoglycosides without a significant change in susceptibility patterns and bacteremia-related mortality rates.

김종길의 「산유화」론과 현대시의 "낙화(落花)" 모티프 연구

김종훈 ( Jong Hoon Kim ) 국제비교한국학회 2006 비교한국학 Comparative Korean Studies Vol.14 No.1

스포츠전문채널 방송3사 프로야구 해설자의 공신력이 채널만족 및 채널충성도에 미치는 영향

김종훈 ( Jong Hoon Kim ),이정학 ( Jeoung Hak Lee ) 한국스포츠산업경영학회 2011 한국스포츠산업경영학회지 Vol.16 No.5

This study aims to furnish the basic empirical data to differentiate image of professional sports channels of broadcasting stations through more efficient operation strategies image managing plan, and the operation of the communication media of the broadcasting stations by looking through the relationship between the credibility of professional sports channels of three broadcasting stations, channel satisfaction and loyalty. The study conducted a research survey through convenience sampling method aimed at college students n Seoul and Gyeonggi area, who currently are the media receivers. Total of 424 copies were selected as the final validity sample. For the measuring instrument, precedent studies of Kim Hyun-Joo(1998), Kim Eun-Sung(2003), Kim Soo-Kyung(2005), Lee Jeoung-Hak, Kim Jong-Hoon & Noh Jae-Hun(2007), Park Ran Hee(2008), Jo Gun Jin(1998) were used and reconstructed according to this research. The research target scope was limited to professional sports channel casters, MBC SPORTS+(Hu Goo-Youn), KBSN Sports(Ha Il-Sung), SBS ESPN(Park No-Jun) who are the commentators of the professional sports channels of three broadcasting stations. The result of the study showed there were significant differences between the sub-factors of commentators`` credibility, ``expertise``, ``trustworthiness``, ``popularity``, ``dynamic`` and professional sports channels of three broadcasting stations. And ``expertise``, ``trustworthiness`` sub factors influenced significantly on it. On the basis of the results, professional baseball casters with more professionalism and trustworthiness are needed in able to gain more credibility from the public.

고령자의 스포츠참가와 생활만족도에 관한 연구

정종훈,김종표,김유수,안종학 東亞大學校附設스포츠科學硏究所 1999 스포츠科學硏究論文集 Vol.17 No.-

The issues for the aged have been appearing on the stage as the deep social problems since the end of 1970's when our communities began to enter into high level industry, which were concerned by people in modern times. The starting time to study on the aged in Korea was from the 1960's. Moreover, it was lively proceeded during the end of the 1970's and the 1980's. At first, it mainly dealt medical issues for them, then, spread up to their social concerns later. This study was to research about the participating type of the aged' leisure, sports activities, as well as its changable relationships with life satisfaction on the premise regarding the necessity of positive practice toward leisure and its participation as the positive solution scheme from the aged' issues, which was based on the social concerns related with the aged. According to the questionary method, to select the main group who were over 60-years-old, men and women in Pusan, it was studied and analyzed regarding the realities of the aged's leisure activities, the participating attitude in sports, the relationships between the degree of satisfaction life when participating in sports activities and the life satisfaction. The results were as follows ; 1. Among the low ranking scopes of the participating attitude in sports, in case of participating in sports for the self-training of character-building themselves, it significantly had and effect on the satisfaction of life. 2. In case of building their own character through sports activities, it had the highest effect on the satisfaction of life. 3. The satisfaction of sporting activities in their childhood had and effect on the life satisfaction.

Southern Blot Hybridization법을 이용한 악성 림프종의 면역유전형에 관한 연구

전호종,기근홍,김윤신,이미숙,이미자,장원재,장숙진,박영진,정춘해,정종훈,양성훈,이광민 조선대학교 1994 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.19 No.2

Immunogenotyping using gene rearrangement analysis has emerged as a precise laboratory aid in the diagnosis and classification of malignant Iymphoid neoplasms. The lineage and clonality of the malignant Iymphoid neoplasms can be identified by the demonstration of rearrangements of antigen receptor genes of the immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor genes. The analysis of the gene rearrangements on the malignant Iymphoid neoplasms are also useful as a sensitive unique clonal markers to detect early recurrence in patients with malignant Iymphoid neoplasms after treatment. To analyze the sensitivity and specificity of gene rearrangements in the diagnosis of malignant Iymphoid neoplasms. 24 cases of malignat Iymphoma were examined by Southern blot hybridization using CTβ-T cell receptor β chain gene-DNA probe and JH-immunoglobulin heavy chain gene-DNA probe. The results of the immunogenotypings using Southern blot hybridization disclosed high correlation between the immunophenotyping using immunohistochemical stain with monoclonal antibodies (B-cell Iymphoma 84.2%. T-cell Iymphoma 75% ). The analysis of the gene rearrangement of the angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy(AILD) and unclassifiable Iymphoma using immunohistochemical stain could resolve the monoclonality and lineage . Rearranged bands to the CTβDNA probe were observed in one case out of 2 cases of AILD. One case of unclassifiable Iymphoma showed rearranged bands to the CTβ DNA probe. There were no rearrangements in reactive follicular Iymphoid hyperplasia and paracortical Iymphoid hyperplasia. In conclusion, DNA gene rearrangement study should be applied to differentiate the clonality and cell lineage in the malignant Iymphoma with indistinctive immunophenotype.

RAW264.7 세포에서 interferon-r 및 LPS에 의해 유도되는 NO생성에 미치는 TALT-35의 영향

박종일,박경석,김종석,박지훈,윤은진,송경섭,서강식,김훈,윤완희,박승길,임규,황병두 충남대학교 생물공학연구소 2006 생물공학연구지 Vol.12 No.-

TALP-35 purified from human term placenta is known to increase microtubule polymerization and stabilize the polymerized microtubule. To examine the effect of TALP-35 on immune system this study was performed. MTT assay was performed to investigate the effect of TALP-35 on the proliferation of RAW264.7 cells. TALP-35 dose dependently suppress the proliferation of RAW264.7 cells at high concentration (above 1 μM) in unstimulated cells, in case of 10 μM TALP-35 treated cells the suppression was 25% but in stimulated cells it was only 15%. Cosedimentation assay was carried out to investigate whether TALP-35 can bind to tubulin of RAW264.7, monocyte/macrophage lineage of mouse, and polymerize it. TALP-35 polymerize the tubulin of RAW264.7 cells and sedimented in dose-dependent manner. To investigate the effect of TALP-35 on the expression of iNOS protein western blotting was performed. The expression level of iNOS was decreased dose dependently in high concentration of TALP-35 treatment. To examine the activity of iNOS, secreted NO was determined by method based on Griess reaction. Interferon-γ and LPS-stimulated production of NO from RAW264.7 cells was decreased dose dependently above 0.1 μM concentration of TALP-35 and 50% is decreased at 10μM of it. This study shows TALP-35 can control cytokine induced-iNOS expression therefore it might control inflammatory diseases.