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CDH17 nanobodies facilitate rapid imaging of gastric cancer and efficient delivery of immunotoxin
Jingbo Ma,Xiaolong Xu,Chunjin Fu,Peng Xia,Ming Tian,Liuhai Zheng,Kun Chen,Xiaolian Liu,Yilei Li,Le Yu,Qinchang Zhu,Yangyang Yu,Rongrong Fan,Haibo Jiang,Zhifen Li,Chuanbin Yang,Chengchao Xu,Ying Long,J 한국생체재료학회 2022 생체재료학회지 Vol.26 No.4
Background: It is highly desirable to develop new therapeutic strategies for gastric cancer given the low survival rate despite improvement in the past decades. Cadherin 17 (CDH17) is a membrane protein highly expressed in cancers of digestive system. Nanobody represents a novel antibody format for cancer targeted imaging and drug delivery. Nanobody targeting CHD17 as an imaging probe and a delivery vehicle of toxin remains to be explored for its theragnostic potential in gastric cancer. Methods: Naïve nanobody phage library was screened against CDH17 Domain 1-3 and identified nanobodies were extensively characterized with various assays. Nanobodies labeled with imaging probe were tested in vitro and in vivo for gastric cancer detection. A CDH17 Nanobody fused with toxin PE38 was evaluated for gastric cancer inhibition in vitro and in vivo. Results: Two nanobodies (A1 and E8) against human CDH17 with high affinity and high specificity were successfully obtained. These nanobodies could specifically bind to CDH17 protein and CDH17-positive gastric cancer cells. E8 nanobody as a lead was extensively determined for tumor imaging and drug delivery. It could efficiently co-localize with CDH17-positive gastric cancer cells in zebrafish embryos and rapidly visualize the tumor mass in mice within 3 h when conjugated with imaging dyes. E8 nanobody fused with toxin PE38 showed excellent anti-tumor effect and remarkably improved the mice survival in cell-derived (CDX) and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. The immunotoxin also enhanced the anti-tumor effect of clinical drug 5-Fluorouracil. Conclusions: The study presents a novel imaging and drug delivery strategy by targeting CDH17. CDH17 nanobodybased immunotoxin is potentially a promising therapeutic modality for clinical translation against gastric cancer.
Chemical Composition and Antimigraine Activity of Essential Oil of Angelicae dahuricae Radix
Jingbo Sun,He Li,Jinghui Sun,Huimin Liu,JianGuang Chen,Chunmei Wang 한국식품영양과학회 2017 Journal of medicinal food Vol.20 No.8
The aim of this study was to explore the chemical composition and the effect of essential oil of Angelicae dahuricae radix on a nitroglycerin (NTG)-induced rat model of migraine. The CO2 supercritical fluid extraction method was optimized for the extraction of essential oil of A. dahuricae radix (EOAD) and its chemical composition was determined. The migraine model was established by subcutaneous injection of NTG (10 mg/kg) 1 h after the last administration of EOAD. The therapeutic effect of EOAD and its underlying mechanism were assessed by monitoring behavioral changes, levels of nitric oxide (NO) in serum and brain tissues, plasma levels of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and endothelin (ET), and ET/NO ratio. The optimal conditions for CO2 supercritical fluid extraction of EOAD, as determined by orthogonal test [L9(34)], were as follows: 2 h extraction time, 20 MPa pressure, 40°C temperature, and 30 mesh. The yield of EOAD was 1.8%. On gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, 45 peaks were found in EOAD, and 22 compounds were identified and quantified. The main constituents of EOAD were 1-dodecanol (13.71%), elemene (7.54%), palmitic acid ethyl ester (7.32%), α-pinene (6.25%), and 1-pentadecanol (6.08%). Compared with rat migraine model controls, EOAD (35, 70, and 140 mg/kg) significantly reduced the number of head shaking, head scratching, and hind leg shooting events, decreased serum and brain NO levels, decreased plasma CGRP, and increased ET levels in rats. ET/NO ratio was elevated to 28.68 in the EOAD high-dose group. EOAD ameliorates NTG-induced migraine in rats likely by modulating the levels of vasoactive substances.
Study on the Evolution Principles of Aircraft Engine Exhaust
Jingbo Zhao,Da Chen 한국대기환경학회 2021 한국대기환경학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2021 No.10
Airport activities emit both particulate and gaseous emissions (Unal et al., 2005) and are a significant source of local gas- and particle-phase pollutants (Westerdahl et al., 2008). These emissions affect public health (Lin et al., 2008) and local air quality by increasing pollutant concentrations, e.g., ultrafine particulate matter (PM) number concentrations, at the surrounding residential areas (Hudda et al., 2016). Due to the influence of meteorological conditions, the atmospheric environment and background pollutants together with the physicochemical characteristics of aircraft exhaust varied significantly after emitted into the atmosphere. In this regard, we designed the exhaust monitoring system to monitor aircraft exhaust emissions. Based on the integrated exhaust monitoring system of the aircraft, sampling points are set at different distances (1 m, 10 m, 30 m) behind the engine. Meteorological parameters (including temperature and humidity), the concentration of various gaseous pollutants (including nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, carbon oxides, hydrocarbons, etc.) and physicochemical properties (such as particle size distribution, chemical composition, optical properties, etc.) of particulate matter are measured online, in order to analyze the characteristic changes of gaseous and particulate matters at different distances behind aircraft engines. The morphology evolution of particulate matter was investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The evolution trend of engine exhaust near the engine area was summarized under different working conditions, and the main factors that affect these changes were identified, such as temperature gradient, pollutant concentration level, engine working conditions, etc. Based on the theory of gas-solid allocation of semi-volatile substances, the evolution of gas-solid allocation of semi-volatile pollutants emitted by aircraft was studied by using VBS and other volatile models. With the comprehensive three-dimensional detection of airport atmospheric environment, multi-point enhanced observations in downwind areas of aircraft emissions is designed to obtain the spatial distribution characteristics of air pollutants in airports with high time resolution. The evolution of aircraft exhaust pollutants in airports was determined by the temporal and spatial variations of the ratios of pollutant concentrations to CO₂ (e.g., particle concentration/DCO₂). The influence of meteorological factors, such as temperature, humidity, illumination, etc. on the evolution of aircraft exhaust characteristics was identified based on the airport micrometeorological field data. Above all, the on-line monitoring of aircraft exhausts could optimize the accuracy of airport quality model, thus providing a promising tool for future air governance.
The 14-3-3 Gene Function of Cryptococcus neoformans Is Required for its Growth and Virulence
( Jingbo Li ),( Yun C. Chang ),( Chun Hua Wu ),( Jennifer Liu ),( Kyung J. Kwon Chung ),( Sheng He Huang ),( Hiro Shimada ),( Rob Fante ),( Xiaowei Fu ),( Ambrose Jong ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2016 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.26 No.5
Cryptococcus neoformans is a life-threatening pathogenic yeast that causes devastating meningoencephalitis. The mechanism of cryptococcal brain invasion is largely unknown, and recent studies suggest that its extracellular microvesicles may be involved in the invasion process. The 14-3-3 protein is abundant in the extracellular microvesicles of C. neoformans, and the 14-3-3-GFP fusion has been used as the microvesicle’s marker. However, the physiological role of 14-3-3 has not been explored. In this report, we have found that C. neoformans contains a single 14-3-3 gene that apparently is an essential gene. To explore the functions of 14-3-3, we substituted the promoter region of the 14-3-3 with the copper-controllable promoter CTR4. The CTR4 regulatory strain showed an enlarged cell size, drastic changes in morphology, and a decrease in the thickness of the capsule under copper-enriched conditions. Furthermore, the mutant cells produced a lower amount of total proteins in their extracellular microvesicles and reduced adhesion to human brain microvascular endothelial cells in vitro. Proteomic analyses of the protein components under 14-3-3-overexpressed and -suppressed conditions revealed that the 14-3-3 function(s) might be associated with the microvesicle biogenesis. Our results support that 14-3-3 has diverse pertinent roles in both physiology and pathogenesis in C. neoformans. Its gene functions are closely relevant to the pathogenesis of this fungus.
A New Connected Coherence Tree Algorithm For Image Segmentation
( Jingbo Zhou ),( Shangbing Gao ),( Zhong Jin ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2012 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.6 No.4
In this paper, we propose a new multi-scale connected coherence tree algorithm (MCCTA) by improving the connected coherence tree algorithm (CCTA). In contrast to many multi-scale image processing algorithms, MCCTA works on multiple scales space of an image and can adaptively change the parameters to capture the coarse and fine level details. Furthermore, we design a Multi-scale Connected Coherence Tree algorithm plus Spectral graph partitioning (MCCTSGP) by combining MCCTA and Spectral graph partitioning in to a new framework. Specifically, the graph nodes are the regions produced by CCTA and the image pixels, and the weights are the affinities between nodes. Then we run a spectral graph partitioning algorithm to partition on the graph which can consider the information both from pixels and regions to improve the quality of segments for providing image segmentation. The experimental results on Berkeley image database demonstrate the accuracy of our algorithm as compared to existing popular methods.
Enriched finite element method for 2-D and 3-D blunt crack problems in a viscoelastic medium
Jingbo Duan,Yongjun Lei,Daokui Li 대한기계학회 2012 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.26 No.3
The analysis of two-dimensional and three-dimensional blunt crack problems in a linear viscoelastic medium is numerically investigated using the enriched finite element method. The enriched crack-tip elements are established by enriching the asymptotic displacement fields at the blunt crack front to the regular elements. The corresponding transition elements are formulated to eliminate displacement field incompatibility. The viscoelastic incremental formulations for the enriched finite element method in time domain are derived according to the Boltzmann superposition principle. The time-dependent deformations of crack are presented and the stress intensity factors are directly obtained from the enriched degree of freedoms. The numerical examples indicate that the enriched finite element method is extremely suitable for dealing with complicated blunt crack problems.
Jingbo Fu,Ming Liu,Huayi Li,Xibin Cao 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2019 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.17 No.7
This paper studies the coordinated attitude control problem of synthetic aperture radar satellites andproposes two types of terminal sliding mode control schemes. The first control law is investigated based on theconventional non-singular terminal sliding mode approach and modified Rodrigues parameters with the consideration of signal quantization and communication delay. Based on the first control scheme, we develop the secondcontrol method with an integral-based event triggering condition to reduce the updating frequency of the controlcommand from controllers to actuators. Finally, numerical simulation examples based on a cluster of three satellitesare presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed two designed control methods.
Background Prior-based Salient Object Detection via Adaptive Figure-Ground Classification
( Jingbo Zhou ),( Jiyou Zhai ),( Yongfeng Ren ),( Ali Lu ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2018 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.12 No.3
In this paper, a novel background prior-based salient object detection framework is proposed to deal with images those are more complicated. We take the superpixels located in four borders into consideration and exploit a mechanism based on image boundary information to remove the foreground noises, which are used to form the background prior. Afterward, an initial foreground prior is obtained by selecting superpixels that are the most dissimilar to the background prior. To determine the regions of foreground and background based on the prior of them, a threshold is needed in this process. According to a fixed threshold, the remaining superpixels are iteratively assigned based on their proximity to the foreground or background prior. As the threshold changes, different foreground priors generate multiple different partitions that are assigned a likelihood of being foreground. Last, all segments are combined into a saliency map based on the idea of similarity voting. Experiments on five benchmark databases demonstrate the proposed method performs well when it compares with the state-of-the-art methods in terms of accuracy and robustness.
Jingbo Yang,Wei Liu,Weichun Li 한국응용곤충학회 2020 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.23 No.3
The geographical distribution patterns of Asian Metaeuchromius are analysed with MaxEnt and ArcGIS based on known localities and nineteen environmental variables. The results suggest that the most highly suitable area of the genus located in southeastern China. Precipitation of the warmest quarter (Bio18) and temperature seasonality (Bio4) are the most significant variables affecting geographical distribution Metaeuchromius. Furthermore, a new species from Jiangxi Province, southeast China is added to the genus, Metaeuchromius grandispinata Li, sp. nov. Its habitus, tympanic organs and genitalia are illustrated, and two maps showing geographical distribution patterns of Metaeuchromius in Asia are provided.
Soil characteristics and new formation model of loess on the Chinese Loess Plateau
Jingbo Zhao,Xiaoqing Luo,Yandong Ma,Tianjie Shao,Yingli Yue 한국지질과학협의회 2017 Geosciences Journal Vol.21 No.4
In this paper characteristics of loess are discussed from a pedological perspective. A new model of loess formation is presented, developed in different soil formation processes according to its pedogenic characteristics, including soil structure, organic matter content and CaCO3 content. Loess has all the characteristics of typical soils and all five soil-forming factors have important roles in loess formation. In this regard, loess is a type soil and the previous concept of loess actually comprises various kinds of palaeosols developed in cold and arid climatic conditions. The loess-forming process is, in fact, equivalent to a pedogenic process and loess layers with different characteristics represent different pedogenic processes indicative of different environments, such as desert-steppe, steppe or forest-steppe climatic conditions. In contrast to red-brown palaeosol layers, which develop in warm and wet climates, loesses – more accurately called ‘loessial palaeosols’ – are grey-yellow palaeosols and can be regarded as a reliable indicator of cold and arid climate. The model of loess formation suggests that aeolian dust transfers to grey-yellow palaeosols via pedogenesis and the characteristics of loess are mainly a result of climatic conditions and diagenesis processes after its sedimentation. This new model of loess formation also suggests that traditional pedological theory has its limitations when explaining soil formation processes.