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( Jørgen Drud Hansen ),( Jørgen Ulff Møller Nielsen ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 (구 세종대학교 국제경제연구소) 2006 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.21 No.4
This paper examines the effect of trade barriers on quality levels in a duopoly model for two countries where products are both vertically and horizontally differentiated. In the absence of quality regulation the producer in the large country produces a higher quality than the producer in the small country. Moreover, the quality levels between the two producers converge in case of market integration i.e. when the trade barrier is reduced. If a common minimum quality standard is introduced, which forces the low quality producer to increase the quality of his product, the high quality producer reacts strategically by lowering the quality of his product. On unregulated markets, market integration increases welfare in both countries if they are almost of similar size. However, if the countries are very asymmetrical with respect to size, market integration may harm welfare in the large country. Introducing a minimum quality standard also has ambiguous effects on welfare.
Price as an Indicator for Quality in International Trade?
Jørgen Drud Hansen,Jørgen Ulff-Møller Nielsen 한국국제경제학회 2011 International Economic Journal Vol.25 No.3
This paper examines the relation between price differences and quality differences in an oligopoly model with intra-industry trade, where goods are horizontally as well as vertically differentiated. The analysis demonstrates that the ratio of prices is not linked to the ratio of qualities in any simple way. The paper therefore questions empirical trade studies using unit values as an indicator for the quality of the traded goods. However, we also show that the ratio of prices is a reasonable proxy for the ratio of qualities if sunk cost is dominating in the cost structure.
HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL INTRA-INDUSTRY TRADE: IS THE EMPIRICAL CLASSIFICATION USABLE?
Jørgen Ulff Møller Nielsen,Teit Lü,thje People&Global Business Association 2002 Global Business and Finance Review Vol.7 No.1
On the basis of OECD trade statistics at SITC 5 digit level for the period 1961-1999 this paper shows the classification of international trade in (1) inter-industry trade; (2) horizontal intra-industry; and (3) vertical intra-industry trade used in the empirical trade literature to be unstable at the individual product level. This indicates that this type of statistical classification based on unit-values is probably not very useful. On the other hand, the paper also shows in accordance with the literature, that the aggregate distribution of trade into the three categories apparently is rather stable with vertical intra-industry trade (between Germany and France) making up 50-60%. The high level of vertical intra-industry trade probably cover-up many products shifting between e.g. vertical and horizontal intra-industry. The statement from the literature that the European integration process involves heavy adjustment costs because of the size of vertical intra-industry trade is therefore rather dubious.
Stochastic procedures for extreme wave induced responses in flexible ships
Jørgen Juncher Jensen,Ingrid Marie Vincent Andersen,Sopheak Seng 대한조선학회 2014 International Journal of Naval Architecture and Oc Vol.6 No.4
Different procedures for estimation of the extreme global wave hydroelastic responses in ships arediscussed. Firstly, stochastic procedures for application in detailed numerical studies (CFD) are outlined. The use ofthe First Order Reliability Method (FORM) to generate critical wave episodes of short duration, less than 1 minute,with prescribed probability content is discussed for use in extreme response predictions including hydroelastic behaviourand slamming load events. The possibility of combining FORM results with Monte Carlo simulations is discussedfor faster but still very accurate estimation of extreme responses. Secondly, stochastic procedures using measured timeseries of responses as input are considered. The Peak-over-Threshold procedure and the Weibull fitting are applied anddiscussed for the extreme value predictions including possible corrections for clustering effects.
OWNERSHIP, INTRA-INDUSTRY TRADE AND FACTOR INTENSITIES: THE CASE OF POLAND 1993-2002
Jørgen Ulff Møller Nielsen,Konrad Pawlik 사람과세계경영학회 2004 Global Business and Finance Review Vol.9 No.2
This paper investigates the association between intra-industry trade (IIT) for foreign, private domestic and public domestic companies in Poland and the size of multinational activity measured by the stock of FDI. Using a unique database on imports and exports from companies in Poland 1993-2002 divided along three ownership types, the paper finds in a pooled regression model a positive association between the size of foreign presence and the level of IIT for foreign-owned companies, but no significant spill-over effects from foreign presence to the level and development of IIT for private and public domestic companies. A negative IIT growth for private and public companies and a small positive growth for foreign-owned companies in science-based industries indicate that advanced technological spill-over effects to the Polish economy are still in their infancy.
Market Integration and Industrial Specialization on a Monopolistic Competitive Market
( Jørgen Drud Hansen ),( Jan Guldager Jørgensen ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 2001 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.16 No.3
This paper examines the relationship between market integration and product diversification in a Chamberlinian model of monopolistic competition. In the first version of the model, production of the firm is organised in activities producing either one or two horizontally differentiated product-variants. The cost functions show both scale and scope economies. Market integration is illustrated by an increase in the market size. For increasing market size, each firm shifts from producing two variants to producing one variant only at a certain threshold value of market size. Passing this threshold value the firm size measured by total output changes discontinuously leaving the effect on firm size ambiguous. For specific specification of the perceived demand of the individual firm hysteresis of the industrial structure may appear in the sense that the threshold value of the market size for shifting from two to one variant production exceeds that of the threshold value of market size of shifting from one to two variants. In the last part of the paper, the model is generalised to a continuum of variants and it is shown that an increase of the market size reduces the number of variants produced by each firm, whereas the hysteresis phenomenon disappears.