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Design of FIR Linear Phase Filters with Discrete Coefficients Using Hopfield Neural Networks
Zhang, Xi,Iwakura, Hiroshi 대한전자공학회 1994 ISPACS:Intelligent Signal Processing and Communica Vol.1 No.1
A novel method is presented for designing FIR linear phase filters with discrete coefficients using Hopfield neural networks. The proposed procedure is based on the minimization of the energy function of the Hopfield neural network, and can produce a good solution to the design of FIR linear phase filters with discrete coefficients. A design example is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
A Target Protein for Potassium Isolespedezate, A Bioactive Metabolite Controlling Nyctinasty
Manabe, Yoshiyuki,Iwakura, Izumi,Mukai, Makoto,Ueda, Minoru Korean Society for Bioinformatics and Systems Biol 2009 Interdisciplinary Bio Central (IBC) Vol.1 No.4
Introduction: Leguminous plants open their leaves during the day and close them at night as if sleeping, a type of movement that follows circadian rhythms, and is known as nyctinastic movement. This phenomenon is controlled by two endogenous bioactive substances that exhibit opposing activities: Leaf-Opening Factor (LOF), which opens the leaves, and Leaf-Closing Factor (LCF), which closes them. Potassium isolespedezate (1) is LOF for Cassia obtusifolia and other species of the genus Cassia. We report on the detection and identification of the target proteins of 1 using the stepwise FLAG-tagging strategy. Materials and Methods: First, we labeled the target protein with azide group by incubating the iodoacetamide-type probe (2), which is the target cell of 1, and then, succeeded in introduction of FLAG using click chemistry. Results and Discussion: By using this method, the 83 kDa cytoplasmic protein (CTPL; cytosolic target protein of lespedezate 1) was detected and purified as a target protein of 1. This protein was identified as MetE (5-methyltetrahydropteroyltriglutamate ?homocysteinemethyltransferase). Conclusion and Prospects: We developed stepwise FLAG-tagging strategy for purification of target protein of bioactive substances. Our results suggested that our strategies have a possibility to detect the target protein of a bioactive natural product in a highly complex living system.
Immune mechanisms in the different phases of acute tubular necrosis
( Fedor Kundert ),( Louise Platen ),( Takamasa Iwakura ),( Zhibo Zhao ),( Julian A. Marschner ),( Hans-joachim Anders ) 대한신장학회 2018 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.37 No.3
Acute kidney injury is a clinical syndrome that can be caused by numerous diseases including acute tubular necrosis (ATN). ATN evolves in several phases, all of which are accompanied by different immune mechanisms as an integral component of the disease process. In the early injury phase, regulated necrosis, damage-associated molecular patterns, danger sensing, and neutrophil-driven sterile inflammation enhance each other and contribute to the crescendo of necroinflammation and tissue injury. In the late injury phase, renal dysfunction becomes clinically apparent, and M1 macrophage-driven sterile inflammation contributes to ongoing necroinflammation and renal dysfunction. In the recovery phase, M2-macrophages and anti-inflammatory mediators counteract the inflammatory process, and compensatory remnant nephron and cell hypertrophy promote an early functional recovery of renal function, while some tubules are still badly injured and necrotic material is removed by phagocytes. The resolution of inflammation is required to promote the intrinsic regenerative capacity of tubules to replace at least some of the necrotic cells. Several immune mechanisms support this wound-healing-like re-epithelialization process. Similar to wound healing, this response is associated with mesenchymal healing, with a profound immune cell contribution in terms of collagen production and secretion of pro-fibrotic mediators. These and numerous other factors determine whether, in the chronic phase, persistent loss of nephrons and hyperfunction of remnant nephrons will result in stable renal function or progress to decline of renal function such as progressive chronic kidney disease.