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Hysteresis and fast timescales in transport relations of toroidal plasmas
Itoh, K.,Itoh, S.-I.,Ida, K.,Inagaki, S.,Kamada, Y.,Kamiya, K.,Dong, J.Q.,Hidalgo, C.,Evans, T.,Ko, W.H.,Park, H.,Tokuzawa, T.,Kubo, S.,Kobayashi, T.,Kosuga, Y.,Sasaki, M.,Yun, G.S.,Song, S.D.,Kasuya, International Atomic Energy Agency 2017 Nuclear fusion Vol.57 No.10
<P>This article assesses current understanding of hysteresis in transport relations, and its impact on the field. The rapid changes of fluxes compared to slow changes of plasma parameters are overviewed for both core and edge plasmas. The modulation ECH experiment is explained, in which the heating power cycles on-and-off periodically, revealing hysteresis and fast changes in the gradient–flux relation. The key finding is that hystereses were observed simultaneously in both the the gradient–flux and gradient–fluctuation relations. Hysteresis with rapid timescale exists in the channels of energy, electron and impurity densities, and plausibly in momentum. Advanced methods of data analysis are explained. Transport hysteresis can be studied by observing the higher harmonics of temperature perturbation <img ALIGN='MIDDLE' ALT='$\delta T_{\rm m}$ ' SRC='http://ej.iop.org/images/0029-5515/57/10/102021/nfaa796aieqn001.gif'/> in heating modulation experiments. The hysteresis introduces the term <img ALIGN='MIDDLE' ALT='$\delta T_{\rm m}$ ' SRC='http://ej.iop.org/images/0029-5515/57/10/102021/nfaa796aieqn002.gif'/>, which depends on the harmonic number <I>m</I> in an algebraic manner (not exponential decay). Next, the causes of hysteresis and its fast timescale are discussed. The nonlocal-in-space coupling works here, but does not suffice. One mechanism for ‘the heating heats turbulence’ is that the external source <I>S</I> in phase space for heating has its fluctuation in turbulent plasma. This coupling can induce the direct input of heating power into fluctuations. The height of the jump in transport hysteresis is smaller for heavier hydrogen isotopes, and could be one of the origins of isotope effects on confinement. Finally, the impacts of transport hysteresis on the control system are assessed. Control systems must be designed so as to protect the system from sudden plasma loss.</P>
Itoh, Shigeru,Fukushima, Yoshimasa,Itoh, Kunihiro,Maeda, Masanori,Mino, Hiroyuki,Kumazaki, Shigeichi Korean Society of Photoscience 2002 Journal of Photosciences Vol.9 No.2
A cyanobacteria-like organism Aaryochloris marina performs oxygenic photosynthesis with near far-red light by the use of chlorophyll d. Reaction center chlorophyll (Chl) of Photosystem (PS) II of A. marina was studied by analysis of millisecond-delayed fluorescence. Delayed fluorescence is emitted by Chi d indicating efficient energy transfer between antenna Chi d molecules and the unknown primary electron donor of PS II. P740 a reaction center Chl of PS I of A. marina is shown to give a dimer type cation, and triplet state with a D value of 245xlO$\^$-4/ cm$\^$-l/ in contrast to the 280-290 xlO$\^$-4/cm$\^$-l/ values of P700 suggesting triplet spins interacting at a 5% larger distance in P740 than in P700.
Noriaki Itoh,Chihiro Itoh,Junichi Kanasaki 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2016 NANO Vol.11 No.6
Modification by electronic excitation of semiconductor surfaces and carbon-related quasi-twodimensional (2D) nanostructured materials, namely graphene, carbon nanotubes is reviewed. Defect creation in these materials takes place not by low-intensity photoirradiation, but by laser or electron irradiation. The defect creation processes are different from ordinary photochemical processes in molecules or in some solids like alkali halides, which can be modified by a localized exciton. It is pointed out that there are common features in defect creation by electronic excitation in semiconductor surfaces and carbon-related quasi-2D nanomaterials: the yield-intensity relation shows strong superlinearity for laser irradiation near the bandgap energies and linearity or weak superlinearity for higher energy electron or photon irradiation. These results are explained in terms of multi-hole localization, in which bonds are weakened more strongly and more energy is available upon recombination with trapped electrons in comparison with excitons. The multi-hole localized state is considered to be realized by the creation of dense excitons or by cascade excitation for laser irradiation and by multiple excitations or multiple exciton generation by single impacts for electron irradiation. The review includes also polymerization of C60 films by electronic excitation, which is induced by low-intensity photoirradiation as well as by laser or electron irradiation. The experimental observation that laser or electron irradiation polymerize C60 films differently from low-intensity photoirradiation is explained in terms of multi-hole localization similar to the defect formation mechanism. Although fragmentation of C60 is due to electronic excitation of the molecule, it is included in the review because its yield is strongly superlinear for laser irradiation near bandgap energies and weakly superlinear for high-energy electron or photon irradiation as for other cases.
Yoshiki Itoh,Yasuharu Izumisawa,Seiya Maehara,Kazuto Yamashita,Norihiko Itoh 대한수의학회 2013 JOURNAL OF VETERINARY SCIENCE Vol.14 No.1
Electroretinography (ERG) is a well-established diagnostic procedure for objectively evaluating retinal function. In this study, ERG in beagle dogs, which are a popular experimental animal, was performed to determine the normal range of ERG variables and assess differences between the left and right eyes. ERG findings including rod, combined rod-cone,single-flash cone, and 30-Hz flicker responses were recorded with an LED-electrode in 43 sedated beagle dogs. The subjects were divided into young (< 1 year old), adult (1∼5years old), and senile animals (≥ 6 years old). Normal ERG ranges were obtained. Significant differences in b-wave amplitude along with b/a ratio of the combined rod-cone response were found between the young and adult animals as well as young and senile dogs. No significant differences were observed between the left and right eyes. ERG variables in beagle dogs differed by age due to age-related retinal changes. Thus, we propose that normal ERG ranges should be determined according to age in each clinic and laboratory using its own equipment because each institution usually has different systems or protocols for ERG testing.
Automatic Conversion of Triangular Meshes Into Quadrilateral Meshes with Directionality
Itoh, Takayuki,Shimada, Kenji Society for Computational Design and Engineering 2002 International Journal of CAD/CAM Vol.1 No.1
This paper presents a triangular-to-quadrilateral mesh conversion method that can control the directionality of the output quadrilateral mesh according to a user-specified vector field. Given a triangular mesh and a vector field, the method first scores all possible quadrilaterals that can be formed by pairs of adjacent triangles, according to their shape and directionality. It then converts the pairs into quadrilateral elements in order of the scores to form a quadrilateral mesh. Engineering analyses with finite element methods occasionally require a quadrilateral mesh well aligned along the boundary geometry or the directionality of some physical phenomena, such as in the directions of a streamline, shock boundary, or force propagation vectors. The mesh conversion method can control the mesh directionality according to any desired vector fields, and the method can be used with any existing triangular mesh generators.
NEAR-INFRARED WIDE-FIELD IMAGING CAMERA WITH PtSi 1040 $\times$ 1040 CSD
ITOH NOBUNARI,YANAGISAWA KENSHI,ICHIKAWA TAKASHI The Korean Astronomical Society 1996 Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society Vol.29 No.suppl1
We have constructed a near-infrared imaging camera which is attached to the prime focus of 105cm Schmidt telescope at Kiso Observatory. The camera is equipped with a 1040$\times$1040 PtSi CSD array developed by Mitsubishi Electric Co. The combination of Kiso Schmidt and the array gives a wide field of view of 18.4'$\times$18.4' with a reasonable spatial resolution of 1.06' /pixel. The system performances of the camera have been evaluated through laboratory and observational tests. Low noise, good cosmetics(no defect pixels), and good stability of the camera system show an excellent performance for astronomical use.
Novel Frame Interpolation Method for High Image Quality LCDs
Itoh, Goh,Mishima, Nao The Korean Infomation Display Society 2004 Journal of information display Vol.5 No.3
We developed a novel frame interpolation method to interpolate a frame between two successive original frames. Using this method, we are able to apply a double-rate driving method instead of an impulse driving method where a black frame is inserted between two successive original frames. The double-rate driving method enables amelioration of the motion blur of LCDs caused by the characteristics of human vision without reducing the luminosity of the whole screen. The image quality of the double-rate driving method was also found to be better than that of an impulse driving method using our motion picture simulator and an actual panel. Our initial model of our frame interpolation method consists of motion estimation with a maximum matching pixel count estimation function, an area segmentation technique, and motion compensation with variable segmentation threshold. Although salt and pepper noise remained in a portion of an object mainly due to inaccuracy of motion estimation, we verified the validity of our method and the possibility of improvement in hold-type motion blurring.
ON THE EXTENDED HAAGERUP TENSOR PRODUCT IN OPERATOR SPACES
Itoh, Takashi,Nagisa, Masaru Korean Mathematical Society 2014 대한수학회지 Vol.51 No.2
We describe the Haagerup tensor product ${\ell}^{\infty}{\otimes}_h{\ell}^{\infty}$ and the extended Haagerup tensor product ${\ell}^{\infty}{\otimes}_{eh}{\ell}^{\infty}$ in terms of Schur product maps, and show that ${\ell}^{\infty}{\otimes}_h{\ell}^{\infty}{\cap}\mathbb{B}({\ell}^2)$(resp. ${\ell}^{\infty}{\otimes}_{eh}{\ell}^{\infty}{\cap}\mathbb{B}({\ell}^2)$) coincides with $c_0{\otimes}_hc_0{\cap}\mathbb{B}({\ell}^2)$(resp. $c_0{\otimes}_{eh}c_0{\cap}\mathbb{B}({\ell}^2)$). For $C^*2$-algebras A, B, it is shown that $A{\otimes}_hB=A{\otimes}_{eh}B$ if and only if A or B is finite-dimensional.