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Feasibility of IDDQ Tests for Shorts in Deep Submicron ICs
Isao Tsukimoto,Hiroyuki Yotsuyanagi,Masaki Hashizume 대한전자공학회 2009 ITC-CSCC :International Technical Conference on Ci Vol.2009 No.7
Quiescent supply current(IDDQ) in deep submicron ICs is derived by circuit simulation and feasibility of IDDQ tests is examined for short defects in ICs fabricated with 0.18㎛ CMOS process. The results show that IDDQ of each gate depends on input logic values and that shorts can be detected by IDDQ testing if some process variations are small.
Detecting of Periodic Fasciculations of Avian Muscles Using Magnetic and Other Multimedia Devices
Isao Nakajima,Sachie Tanaka,Kokuryo Mitsuhashi,Jun-ichi Hata,Tomo Nakajima 한국멀티미디어학회 2019 The journal of multimedia information system Vol.6 No.4
In the past, there was a theory that influenza wasn’t transmitted directly from birds but was infected to humans via swains. Recently, molecular level research has progressed, and it was confirmed that the avian influenza virus can directly infected to human lung and intestinal epithelial cells. Three pandemics in the past 100 years were also infected to humans directly from birds. In view of such scientific background, we are developing a method for screening sick birds by monitoring the physiological characteristics of birds in a contactless manner with sensors. Here, the movement of respiratory muscles and abdominal muscles under autonomic innervation was monitored using a magnet and Hall sensor sewn on the thoracic wall, and other multimedia devices. This paper presents and discusses the results of experiments involving continuous periodic noise discovered during flight experiments with a data logger mounted on a Japanese pheasant from 2012 to 2015. A brief summary is given as the below: 1. Magnet and Hall sensor sewn to the left and right chest walls, bipolar electrocardiograms between the thoracic walls, posterior thoracic air sac pressure, angular velocity sensors sewn on the back and hips, and optical reflection of LEDs (blue and green) from the skin of the hips allow observation of periodic vibrations(fasciculations) in the waves. No such analysis has been reported before. 2. These fasciculations are presumed to be derived from muscle to maintain and control air sac pressure. 3. Since each muscle fiber is spatially Gaussian distributed from the sympathetic nerve, the envelope is assumed to plot a Gaussian curve. 4. Since avian trunk muscles contract periodically at all time, we assume that the sympathetic nerve dominates in their control. 5. The technique of sewing a magnet to the thoracic wall and measuring the strength of the magnetic field with a Hall sensor can be applied to screen for early stage of avian influenza, with a sensor attached to the chicken enclosure.
System for Monitoring Avian Cardiac Output and Breathing Patterns Using Transmission-Type Microwaves
Isao Nakajima,Ichiro Kuwahira,Jun-ichi Hata 한국멀티미디어학회 2022 The journal of multimedia information system Vol.9 No.4
We report the development of a non-contact monitoring device for avian cardiac output and breathing patterns based on the anterior thoracic air sac pressure that uses transmission-type microwaves (2,400−2,500 MHz, continuous wave). Since the phase waveform represents the dielectric constant change, the phase reflects −j/ωc and the dielectric constant change is related to blood flow. The magnitude waveform is reflected from the electronic resistance of tissues due to the expansion of the anterior thoracic air sac, which mainly consists of the thoracic wall. To confirm these waveforms, pigeons and chickens were used for testing. To validate the output waveforms of the developed transmission- type microwave device, data from esophageal catheters and pressure sensors in the anterior thoracic air sac, abdominal air sac, and intraoral cavity were obtained. The waveform for the esophageal catheter, where electrocardiogram electrodes and an angular velocity sensor were installed, correlates with cardiac output. A heart sound microphone was used to confirm the closing sound of the arterial and mitral valves. The experimental results confirm that a linear waveform synchronized with the cardiac blood flow and the anterior thoracic air sac pressure of birds was obtained using transmission-type microwaves. The proposed device, which can monitor cardiac output and respiratory patterns, may enable the early screening of cytokine storms caused by avian influenza viruses. Existing devices use Doppler radar in the 10 to 77 GHz band; these high frequencies are reflected by the chest wall and do not reach deep into body, making it impossible to monitor the blood flow inside the body.