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Serum Galectin-3 Levels in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Ümit Is¸ ık,Faruk Kılıç,Arif Demirdas¸,Evrim Aktepe,Pınar Aydog˘ an Avs¸ ar 대한신경정신의학회 2020 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.17 No.3
Objective Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with underlying pathogenesis and etiological factors not fully understood. We assumed that galectin-3, which is also linked with inflammatory responses, may play an important role in the ethiopathogenesis of ADHD. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether serum galectin-3 levels are related to ADHD in childhood. Methods The current study consisted of 35 treatment-naive children with ADHD and 35 control subjects. The severities of ADHD and conduct disorder symptoms were assessed via parent- and teacher-rated questionnaires. The severity of anxiety and depression symptoms of the children were determined by the self-report scale. Venous blood samples were collected and serum galectin-3 levels were measured. Results The ADHD group had significantly higher serum Galectin-3 levels than the control group. To control confounding factors, including age, sex, and BMI percentile, one-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) test was also performed. Analyses revealed a significantly higher serum log- Galectin-3 levels in children with ADHD compared to controls. No association was found between the mean serum galectin-3 levels and sociodemographic characteristics and clinical test scores, except the oppositional defiant behavior scores. Conclusion Our research supports the hypothesis that serum levels of galectin-3 might be related to ADHD.
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Dilek Is¸ık 서울대학교 교육연구소 2009 Asia Pacific Education Review Vol.10 No.4
In the present experimental study, the effects of the cooperative learning method supported by multiple intelligence theory (CLMI) on elementary school fourth grade students' academic achievement and retention towards the mathematics course were investigated. The participants of the study were 150 students who were divided into two experimental (used CLMI) and two control groups (used traditional method). "Mathematics Achievement Test," "Teele Inventory for Multiple Intelligences" and "Personal Information Form" were used as the measurement instruments of the study. The findings of this research have indicated that CLMI has a more significant effect on academic achievement than the traditional method. Yet, regarding the retention scores, CLMI has not significant effect on retention.
KCI
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