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Vickers, R.A.,Ironside, D.A.,McLean, S.,Coates, A.,Campbell, G. Korean Society of Applied Entomology 1998 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.1 No.1
The pheromone of the macadamia nut borer, Cryptophlebia ombrodelta(Lower), was evaluated for its suitability as a monitoring tool. The first objective was to establish a correlation between the number of males recovered from pheromone traps and oviposition. When data on numbers of eggs recovered was adjusted using an empirical formula to predict when oviposition occurred, a reasonable correlation between trap catch and oviposition was revealed. A sharp rise in weekly pheromone trap catch often either preceded or coincided with a sharp rise in oviposition and it was concluded that on the basis of one season's data, the first record of 6 or more moths/8 traps/day indicates the need to begin sampling for eggs. The influence of trap height was also investigated. Significantly more moths were caught in traps placed at 5m(just below the top of the canopy) than at 2m above ground level.
Choi, Young Pyo,Head, Mark W.,Ironside, James W.,Priola, Suzette A. Elsevier 2014 The American journal of pathology Vol.184 No.12
<P>Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease is the most common of the human prion diseases, a group of rare, transmissible, and fatal neurologic diseases associated with the accumulation of an abnormal form (PrP<SUP>Sc</SUP>) of the host prion protein. In sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, disease-associated PrP<SUP>Sc</SUP> is present not only as an aggregated, protease-resistant form but also as an aggregated protease-sensitive form (sPrP<SUP>Sc</SUP>). Although evidence suggests that sPrP<SUP>Sc</SUP> may play a role in prion pathogenesis, little is known about how it interacts with cells during prion infection. Here, we show that protease-sensitive abnormal PrP aggregates derived from patients with sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease are taken up and degraded by immortalized human astrocytes similarly to abnormal PrP aggregates that are resistant to proteases. Our data suggest that relative proteinase K resistance does not significantly influence the astrocyte's ability to degrade PrP<SUP>Sc</SUP>. Furthermore, the cell does not appear to distinguish between sPrP<SUP>Sc</SUP> and protease-resistant PrP<SUP>Sc</SUP>, suggesting that sPrP<SUP>Sc</SUP> could contribute to prion infection.</P>
Ho, King-Chung,Kang, Sung-Ho,,Lam Ironside H.Y.,Ho, dgkiss I.John Korea Institute of Ocean ScienceTechnology 2003 Ocean and Polar Research Vol.25 No.4
While phytoplankton diversity and productivity in the Southern Ocean has been widely studied in recent years, most attention has been given to elucidating environmental factors that affect the dynamics of micro-plankton (mainly diatoms) and nano-plankton (mainly Phaeocystis antarctica). Only limited effects have been given to studying the occurrence and the potential risks associated with the blooming of dinoflagellates in the relevant waters. This study focused on the appearance and toxicological characteristics of a toxic dinoflagellate, Alexandrium tamarense, identified and isolated from the Drake Passage in a research cruise from November to December 2001 The appearance of A. tamarense in the Southern Ocean indicates the risk of a paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) outbreak there and is therefore of scientific concern. Results showed that while the overall quantity of A. tamarense in water samples from 30meters below the sea surface often comprised less than 0.1% of the total population of phytoplankton, the highest concentration of A. tamarense (20 cells $L^{-1}$) was recorded in the portion of the Southern Ocean between the southern end of South America and the Falkland Islands. Waters near the Polar Front contained the second highest concentrations of 10-15 cells $L^{-1}$. A. tamarense was however rarely found in waters near the southern side of the Polar Front, indicating that cold sea temperatures near the Antarctic ice does not favor the growth of this dinoflagellate. One strain of A. tamarense from this cruise was isolated and cultured for further study in the laboratory. Experiments showed that this strain of A. tamarense has a high tolerance to temperature variations and could survive at temperatures ranging from $5-26^{\circ}C$. This shows the cosmopolitan nature off. tamarense. With regard to the algal toxins produced, this strain of A. tamarense produced mainly C-2 toxins but very little saxitoxin and gonyailtoxin. The toxicological property of this A. tamarense strain coincided with a massive death of penguins in the Falkland Islands in December 2002 to January 2003.