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Jersey Boys: Philip Roth & Bruce Springsteen From American Pastoral to Born to Run
Ira Nadel 한국영어영문학회 2019 영어 영문학 Vol.65 No.3
One of the more unexpected literary associations is that between Philip Roth and Bruce Springsteen yet a reading of Springsteen’s 2016 autobiography, Born to Run, reveals surprising stylistic and personal connections linking the two New Jersey-born artists. It begins with a shared artistic practice and the importance of discontent, if not anger, as a catalyst for their writing. Both are also disciplined performers committed to their work who developed similar methods that enhanced their writing, whether a novel or song. The influence of fathers and their parallel attitudes toward love relationships provides another point of intersection. An additional similarity is that in their late careers, they both consider mortality, the overriding feature of Roth’s last five novels, from Exit Ghost through to Nemesis, which Springsteen’s late albums and recent Broadway show exhibit. The “late style,”associated with a more focused and in some cases minimalist method, inhabits the work of both artists: Roth moved from the energetic and elaborate method of Operation Shylock or Sabbath’s Theatre to the more restrained Everyman or Nemesis. Springsteen moved from the raucous sound of the E Street Band to solo performances and a quieter sound. Place and its recreation is another singular feature of both writers, for Springsteen Asbury Park and Freehold, NJ, for Roth, Newark, NJ. That Roth read and admired Springsteen’s autobiography enriches their connections defined in part by the emergence of a shared “Jersey Style.”
A Further Note on the Theory of Labor Supply With Wage Rate Uncertainty
Ira Horowitz 서울대학교 경제연구소 1994 Seoul journal of economics Vol.7 No.4
It is demonstrated that Kim's (1994) results on the theory of labor supply with wage rate uncertainty, which rely on mean-preserving spread for comparative-statics analysis, hold equally well and with additional economic intuition, when the process variance is used as the measure of dispersion.
( Ira Nadel ) 한국영어영문학회 2015 영어 영문학 Vol.61 No.2
What did the interaction of Apollinaire, Picasso and Stein, three seminal figures of the avant-garde, mean for Modernism? This paper analyzes the exchanges between the poet, prose writer, and painter and how their encounters, direct and indirect, contributed to the shaping of modernism via a re-thinking of verbal and visual forms in the early years of the 20thcentury. How they met, who they knew and what they created are as important as their criticism and complaints of each other as they shaped the art of the time. Stein wrote a poem entitled “Apollinaire,” Picasso painted Stein’s portrait and Apollinaire wrote a study of Cubism. These are only a few of the surprising intersections examined in this study. One remarkable element is the way artistic distinctions dissolved among the three. Apollinaire’s views of Cubism, Picasso’s view of Apollinaire’s art criticism and Stein’s view of both men intersected and overlapped so that the ideas of one were absorbed by the other. In this way, the modernist enterprise, at least between 1900-1920 possessed a kind of unity of approach and understanding. The death of Apollinaire in 1918 and the visual advances undertaken by Picasso, as well as new work by Stein, separated the three-but for a certain period they interacted on multiple levels: artistically, socially and historically forming a remarkable triumvirate that remade art, poetry and prose setting the path for others to follow.
Irae Lee,Jungsoon Choi J-INSTITUTE 2022 Public Value Vol.7 No.1
Purpose: In the modern society, trends have fast changed along with the development of the fields of fashion, beauty, and art. The rapid delivery of information in the 4th industry is destroying, not changing, the standards of beauty. It is proposed that, by analyzing the avant-garde characteristics and make-up of Alexander McQueen show, it is in-tended to understand modern trends and suggest creative beauty. The purpose is to achieve the development of the design of avant-garde and make up. Method: The photos of Alexander McQueen collection 2001 F/W through 2010 S/S were classified through magazines such as Livingly and Vogue. Three experts participated in the analysis to help reduce the subjective view of the data and increase the reliability, while performing the analysis by using the SPSS WIN 25.0 program. Results: According to the avant-garde characteristics of Alexander McQueen show, decadentism is formless and abstract pattern form , while it turned out the most that eclecticism is formless , experimentalism is form-less according to the avant-garde characteristics of Alexander McQueen show. Nihilism turned out to be uniform-ly high across various forms. Furthermore, among the five types of make-up, nihilism turned out to be the highest, decadentism turned out to be the second highest, and experimentalism and eclecticism turned out to be relatively low. The avant-garde characteristics of Alexander McQueen show were correlated in terms of eyes, lips, and face. Conclusion: The avant-garde characteristics and make-up form expressed through the Alexander McQueen show are related to the following. The avant-garde characteristic turned out to have the highest nihilistic characteristics, followed by decadentism, experimentalism, and eclecticism. It is evident that the avant-garde characteristics of Alexander McQueen show are based on nihilism and decadentism. It is considered that studies of various collections and brands is required for the development of avant-garde and make-up design and for the creation of public values in the fields of beauty and fashion.
( Ira Jacobson ),( Andrew J. Muir ),( Eric Lawitz ),( Edward Gane ),( Brian Conway ),( Peter J. Ruane ),( Ziad Younes ),( Frances Chen ),( Marianne Camargo ),( Anand P. Chokkalingam ),( C. Stephen Dje 대한간학회 2020 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2020 No.1
Aims: In patients with HCV cirrhosis, a sustained virologic response (SVR) is associated with improved clinical outcomes; however, the temporal course of changes in fibrosis is poorly understood. Our aim was to evaluate changes in noninvasive tests of fibrosis (NITs) in this setting to gain insights into the natural history of cirrhosis regression following removal of the causative exposure. Methods: We studied patients with HCV cirrhosis who achieved SVR with sofosbuvir (SOF)-based regimens (in a trial or clinical practice) in an ongoing, prospective cirrhosis registry (NCT02292706). Patients underwent routine clinical and laboratory assessments, including semi-annual Child-Pugh-Turcotte (CPT) scoring and measurement of the Enhanced Liver Fibrosis (ELF) test, as well as annual liver stiffness measurement by transient elastography (LS by TE). Changes in fibrosis were estimated based on ELF response (defined as ≥0.5 unit reduction), and shifts in estimated fibrosis categories based on ELF (F3, ELF 9.8-11.3; F4, ELF >11.3) and LS by TE (F3, 9.6-12.5 kPa; F4, >12.5 kPa). Logistic regression was used to identify predictors of fibrosis improvement as defined by NITs. Results: 1,574 subjects with HCV cirrhosis (32% female, 39% BMI ≥30 kg/㎡, 7% CPT class B/C) were included in this study; median interval between SVR and registry enrollment was 38 weeks (IQR 27-60). At enrollment, median (IQR) ELF was 14.3 (9.5, 22.1); 586 (37%) and 247 (16%) patients had ELF scores consistent with F3 and F4 fibrosis, respectively. Median LS by TE was 9.9 kPa (9.2, 10.8); 761 (57%) and 227 (17%) patients had LS consistent with F3 and F4 fibrosis, respectively. As of May 2019, median duration of follow-up after registry enrollment was 123 weeks (IQR 96, 168). At week 144, 49% of those with baseline CPT class B/C had improved CPT class, while 98% of those with baseline CPT class A remained in CPT class A. During follow-up, changes in ELF and LS by TE suggested fibrosis improvement in an increasing proportion of patients with both F3 and F4 fibrosis at enrollment (Figure 1). ELF score improved by >0.5 units at week 144 in 27% and 47% of patients with baseline F3 and F4 fibrosis, respectively. Predictors of ELF improvement included higher ELF (P<0.001) and AST (P=0.049), and lower platelets (P=0.02) and BMI (P=0.10) at registry baseline. Conclusions: In patients with cirrhosis in whom HCV has been eradicated by SOF-based therapy, NITs suggest significant fibrosis improvement in 25-50% of patients within 3 years. Associations between reductions in these NITs and improvements in clinical outcomes require evaluation during longer-term follow-up.
Maugham and Woolf in Russia: Ashenden & Orlando
Ira Nadel 한국영어영문학회 2020 영어 영문학 Vol.66 No.1
Mixed with a general British fascination with Russia was the actual presence of Somerset Maugham in Moscow in 1917 acting as a foreign agent, later fictionalized in his popular novel of 1928, Ashenden. Virginia Woolf never went to Russia but she studied Russian, co-translated several Russian volumes and wrote about its literature in various essays and Orlando, also appearing in 1928, a banner year for English fiction devoted to Russia. Parallel approaches by these two early twentieth century novelists to the country is the subject of this essay which highlights satire as their common aesthetic practice. Each began with distant admiration but also skepticism, overstating Russia’s characteristics and importance for comic purposes. Love, itself, became a satirical focus in both novels which also contain international intrigue if not danger. Biography is also a point of contact. Maugham was in Russia in 1917 and had to escape when his role as a British agent was discovered. He had also had an affair with a Russian princess before he arrived, so was familiar with the elements of Russian love. Woolf never went to Russia but had studied its history as a young woman and she admired its literature. She then learned the rudiments of its language, co-translated several Russian works and incorporated elements of Russian life in her writing, most dramatically in Orlando. The coincidental publication of both Ashenden and Orlando in 1928, and their co-reliance on satire as the means to address the internal repression and outward instability of Russia, marks a parallel and critical response to the Russian experiment.
Juvenile Probation in the United States : Current Practices and How It Can Be Improved
Ira M. Schwartz,Peter Jones,David Schwartz. 한국보호관찰학회 2009 보호관찰 Vol.9 No.2
소년사법에 신경회로망을 이용한 선구적 연구는 미국에서 진행되었는데, 우리는 신경회로망 기술이 다른 나라에서도 적용되면 미국의 경우만큼의 성과가 있을지 궁금하다. 한국에서도 그러한 성과가 있을지 살펴보는 것은 흥미로운 일이 아닐 수 없다. 나의 동료들과 나는 그 가능성에 대해 낙관적이며 체계적 방법으로 조심스레 가능성을 타진하는 것이 중요하다고 생각한다. 그러므로 우리는 한국의 보호관찰 관계자들이 우리와 유사한 연구의 진행을 고려해볼 것을 권하고자 한다. 의미 있는 결과를 산출하기 위해 종종 수년이 소요되는 전통적인 기존의 연구방법과 달리, 신경회로망을 활용한 연구는 비교적 저렴한 수행비용이 들며, 1년 이내에 완료 할 수 있는 장점이 있다. 신경회로망 기반 모델을 형성할 만큼 의 충분한 데이터가 필요할 뿐이며, 모델 형성 후 현장에서 검증 절차를 거치고 기존의 도구와 비교하면 일단락된다. 또한 이와 같은 연구를 수행하기 위해 새로운 데이터를 수집할 필요가 없다. 예를 들어, 미국에서 신경회로망을 이용하였던 연구는 소년사법과 사회복지 기관에서 일상적으로 수집되는 자료를 활용하여 수행되었으므로 새로운 데이터를 수집하거나 기존의 자료 축적체계를 수정할 필요가 없었다. 한국 소년사법 자료와 그 수집과정에 대해 아는 바가 없으나, 이미 수집된 자료만으로도 이연구가 수행될 수 있을 것으로 생각한다.
Pierre Boulle: Singapore, Conrad & Spies
( Ira Nadel ) 한국영어영문학회 2021 영어 영문학 Vol.67 No.1
Analyzing the work of the French novelist Pierre Boulle (1912-1994), this essay examines how fiction translates pain, trauma and war into dramatic action borrowing themes and styles from Conrad. Boulle shows how the art of narrative and fiction provides an individual with a form of adjustment by writing through the trauma. His engagement with espionage, war and hardship led to a literature of survival through which identity emerges. Boulle went to Malaya in 1936 at age twenty-four to work on a rubber plantation, but joined the Free French Movement in Singapore in 1941 to counter the Japanese who had moved into Indochina and then to Siam (Thailand) and Malaya. Following an aborted mission to the Indochina coast, he returned to Singapore to become an explosives and paramilitary expert who undertook a daring but ultimately unsuccessful operation to infiltrate French Indochina, specifically Hanoi. Arrested by a French Major sympathetic to the Vichy government and not the Free French after a harrowing river journey down a tributary of the Mekong to infiltrate present day Vietnam, Boulle spent two years and four months in a Japanese prison camp, not unlike the one he describes in his international bestseller, The Bridge on the River Kwai. His autobiography, My Own River Kwai, narrates a great deal of his actual adventures and how he evaluated them in his fiction. Conrad, and to a lesser extent Maugham, were central to the conception of his Southeast Asian fiction. This essay shows the preeminence of Conrad’s Victory (1915), not only the source of the epigram to The Bridge on the River Kwai, but a major influence on Boulle’s work thematically and stylistically. Violence, narrative structure, and ethics are further presented within the shadow of Conrad.