Diazinon이 Mouse의 肝臟에 미치는 影響

金仁,金淑英,鄭鎬三,李圭植 漢陽大學校 環境科學硏究所 1985 環境科學論文集 Vol.6 No.-

유기체인 화합물중 Diazinon(O,O-diethyl O-(2-isopropyl 4-methyl-6-pyrimidyl phosphorothioate)은 농작물에 대한 살충제로 널리 사용되고 있으며 인체나 동물 체내에서 쉽게 가수분해되고 축척작용도 적어 우수한 살충제로 알려져 있다. 그러나 많은 용량의 diazinon에 접촉되거나 혹은 체내에 흡수되어 중독이 되면 인체의 혈액과 조직에 있는 cholinesterase의 활성을 억제하는 반면 acetylcholine을 축적시켜 부교감신경계의 과잉자극과 같은 증후를 나타내며,두통,피로감,동공축소,현기증,복부경련,구토,설사,발한,유연과 근육의 경련을 일으킨다. Diazinon과 같은 유기인제화합물인 EPN(Ethoxy-p-nitrophenoxy-phenylphosphine sulfide)을 실험동물에 투여하면 호흡곤란과 근강직이 나타나고 간장에서는 간소엽 중심대있 중간대의 간질세포에서 종창을 일으키고 공포가 형성될 뿐만 아니라 지방침착도 야기시킨다고 보고되어 있다. 저자는 포유류에서 diazinon이 다른 유기인제 화합물과 같이 체내에서 흡수되어 간장에서 해독과정을 거칠 때에 간실질세포에 독성으로 작용할 것으로 사료되어 mouse에 diazinon을 투여하여 간장의 변화를 형태학적으로 추구하였다. 실험동물은 체중 20gm 내외의 건강한ICR계 웅성 mouse에 체중 kg당 25mg되게 olive유에 희석하여 0.2ml을 복강내 주사하고 6, 12, 24및 36시간 경과 후에 희생시켜 간장을 적출한 다음 hematoxylin 및 eosin염색을 하여 간장의 조직학적 변화를 관찰하고, 일부의 간조직은 methyl greenpyronin 염색으로 간실질세포내의 pyronin호성과립의 양적 분포를 관찰하였으며, 또한 일부의 간조직은 oil red O 염색으로 간실질세포내에 지질의 축척을 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. Diazinon 투여 12시간 경과 후에는 mouse의 간장에서 간소엽 중심대와 중간대의 간실질세포에서 소수의 소포와 약간의 종창을 일으켰으며, 24시간 경과 후에는 간소엽 전역에 단핵세포가 산재해있고 간소엽 중심대의 간실질세포에서 심한 종창과 대다수의 공포가 나타났고, 36시간 경과후는 간실질세포에 약간의 세포종창과 극소수의 소포가 관찰되었다. 2. Diazinon투여 12시간 경과 후에는 mouse의 간소엽 중심대와 중간대의 간실질세포에서 경도의 양성반응을 일으킨 pyronin 호성과립이 관찰되었고 24시간 경과 후에는 간소엽 전역에 걸쳐pyronin 호성과립이 집괴(clump)를 형성하고 간소엽 중심대와 중간대의 간실질세포에서는 pyronin 호성과립이 소실되었으나 36시간 경과 후에는 간소엽 전역의 간실질세포내에서 pyronin 호성과립이 균등하게 분포되어 있고 경도의 양성반응을 나타낸 pyronin 호성과립을 관찰하였다. 3. Diazinon 투여 6, 12시간 경과 후에는 mouse 간소엽중심대의 간실질세포에서 경도의 지방침착을 나타냈으며, 24시간 경과 후에는 간소엽 중심대와 중간대의 간실질세포에서 중등도의 지방침착을 나타냈으나 36시간 경과 후, 의 간소엽 중심대에서 경도의 지방침착이 관찰되었다. 이상 소견을 종합해 보면 diazinon은 mouse의 간장에 초기에는 손상을 야기시키나 시간이 경과됨에 따라 점차 회복된다고 사료된다. Diazinon(O,O-diethyl O-[2-isopropy 4-methyl-6-pyrimidyl] phosphorothioate) is considered one of the least hazardous of the toxic organic phosphorus insecticides, and is widely available for domestic and home-garden use. It is hydrolyzed and does not accumulate in the tissue. Although its toxicity is relatively low, diazinon has caused poisoning in man when absorption is sufficient amounts. The authors have studied the effect of diazinon on the liver of the mouse abserving the morphologcal changes, the accumulation of fat droplets and the loss of pyroninophilic granules in the hepatic cells. Healthy male ICR strain mice were given 0.2ml of 25mg diluted (diazinon in olive oil) per kg of body weight by intraperitoneal injection. The control mice were given olive oil alone. Animals of the control and diazinon treated groups were killed at the intervals of 6,12,24 and 36 hours after adminstration of diazinon and olive oil, respectively. The histological preparations were stained with hematoxylin and eosin method for histological changes, methyl green-pyronin stain for the loss of pyroninophilic granules and oil red Ostain for fat accumulation in the mouse liver. The results obtained are as follows: 1. The cellular swelling accompanied with vesicular formation is revealed in the hepatic parenchymal cells of the central and intermediate zones 12 and 24 hours after administration of diazinon. 2. A marked reduction or disappearance of the pyroninophilic granules in the central and intermediate zones is observed 24 hours after adminstration of diazinon. 3. Fat deposits are observed in the hepatic parenchymal cells of central and intermediate zones 6,12 and 24 hours after adminstration of diazinon. Consequently, it is suggested that diazinon would induce the cellular swelling, the fat accumulation and loss of pyroninophilic granules of the hepatic parenchymal cells in albino mice.

Insulin 투여후 정신분열병환자의 혈장 Growth Hormone 및 Homovanillic Acid 농도의 변화

이인상,한규희 大韓神經精神醫學會 1996 신경정신의학 Vol.35 No.1

정상대조군과 정신분열병환자를 대상으로, insulin을 투여하여 저혈당으로 인한 자극을 유도하고, 이러한 자극이 DA계에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 본 연구를 시도하였다. Insulin주입후의 자극 섭동에 따른 DA계의 변동을 알아보기 위해 혈장 GH와 PHVA 농도의 변동을 살펴 보았다. 정신분열병환자와 정상대조군에 있어서의 대사적 섭동에 따른 DA계의 변동의 정도를 비교하였다. 정신분열병환자군내에서 임상변인에 따른 차이가 있는지를 알아 보아 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) Insulin투여후 정상대조군, 정신분열병환자군 모두에서 유의한 GH농도의 증가가 나타났으나 투여전, 투여후 60분, 90분후의 GH농도의 진단별 차이는 볼 수 없었다. 정신분열병환자군내에서 투여 90분후의 농도는 발병연령에 따라 차이를 보여, 26세 이상의 발병연령을 가진군은 25세이하의 발병연령군에 비해 유의하게 낮은 농도를 보였다. 투여 90분후의 농도는 bimodal 분포를 보였으며 20ng/ml을 기준으로 2군으로 구분할 수 있었다. 연령, 가족력의 유뮤, 음상-양성군 등의 다른 임상변인들 사이에는 유의한 차이를 볼 수 없었다. 2) 정상대조군의 insulin투여전 pHVA농도는 정신분열병환자군에 비해 높게 나타났다. Insulin투여후 60분, 90분의 pHVA농도는 양군사이에 유의한 차이점을 볼 수 없었다. Insulin투여후의 시간별 pHVA의 농도의 변화를 보니 정상대조군, 정신분열병환자 모두에서 유의하게 감소한 것으로 나타났다. 정신분열병환자군내에서 임상변인과의 관련성을 살펴 보았던 바, 가족력의 유무, 발병연령, 이병기간 등과는 관련성을 찾을 수 없었고, 음성-양성군사이에 차이가 있는 것을 알 수 있었다. Insulin투여전 pHVA농도는 양성군이 음성군에 비해 높게 나타났다. Insulin투여후의 시간별 pHVA의 농도의 변화를 보니 정상대조군, 정신분열병 양성군에서 의미있는 변동이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 음성군에서는 변동이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과로 미루어 insulin투여에 의한 자극 섭동 후의 GH, pHVA농도의 변동은 DA계의 변동을 시사하며, 정신분열병의 임상증상의 발현을 생물학적으로 해석할 수 있는 지표로서의 가능성을 제시하는 것으로 생각된다. The authors examined the changes of plasma level of growth hormone(GH) and homovanillic acid(HVA) after insulin administration in schizophrenic patients and control subjects. Fifteen neuroleptics-taking patients and eight healthy control subjects participated in a study of insulin-induced dopaminergic perturbation, with multiple samples for plasma HVA and GH at baseline, 60min and 90min after insulin administration. Regular insulin(0.1 unit/kg) caused a significant decrease of glucose level and increase of GH level after 60min in both normal controls and schizophrenic patients. We did not find significant difference of GH concentrations at baseline, 60min and 90min between normal subjects and patients with schizophrenia. In schizophrenic subjects there was an inverse relationship between age of onset and GH level at 90min point. The GH level of patients whose first age of onset was more than 26 years was quitely low. There appeared a bimodal distribution of GH level at 90min in schizophrenic patients. The clinical characteristics of the patients with higher GH level(more than 20ng/ml) were long duration of illness(more than 12years) and old age(more than 37 years old). There was a significant difference of HVA level at baseline between normal control subject and schizophrenic patients. This pattern was not associated with clinical variables, such as age, age of onset, duration of illness and presence of family history. Schizophrenic patients were grouped by the positive and negative syndrome scale. The positive group had higher HVA level at baseline than negative group. The HVA concentrations of normal control subjects and positive group decreased significantly after insulin administration, but there was no decrease in negative group. These results suggest that plasma HVA concentration may be associated with the different dopaminergic alterations of heterogeneous schizophrenia. The GH and HVA level after insulin administration could be used as indices for the delineation of complex clinical manifestations of schizophrenia.

생체적합성과 생분해성을 갖는 Polypeptide Copolymers의 합성과 물성에 관한 연구(Ⅲ): Polypeptide Hydrogels의 약물조절방출

강인규,권대룡,성용길 동국대학교 자연과학연구소 1991 자연과학연구 논문집 Vol.11 No.-

Poly(γ-benzyl L-glutamate) (PBLG)의 측쇄에 polyethylene glycol(PEG) 또는 ethanolamie(EA)을 반응시켜 적심성이 서로 다른 몇가지 폴리펩티드 공중합체를 합성하였고, 이들 공중함체의 약물방출특성을 살펴보았다. 합성된 폴리펩티드공중합체의 수분흡수율은 공중합체 중의 PEG 또는 EA 함량이 높아짐에 따라 증가하였다. PEG-PBLG-EA 공중합체로부터의 5-fluorouracil의 방출속도는 PEG-PBLG 공중합체로부터의 방출속도보다 크게 나타났으며, 이러한 결과는 팽윤성의 폴리펩티드를 합성하고자 할 때 사용되는 치환제로서는 PEG보다도 EA가 더욱 효과적이라는 것이 나타났다. 한편, PEG를 가교시킨 PBLG 공중합체막상에서는 5-fluorouracil의 방출에 기인하여 작은 pores를 명료하게 나타나고 있음을 알 수 있었다. Several copolypeptides having different swellabilities are are synthesized by introducing polyethylene glycol(PEG) or ethanolamine(EA) to the side chains of poly(γ-benzyl L-glutamate) (PBLG) and their drug release characteristics are examined. The degree of swelling of copolypeptide is increased by increasing PEG or EA content in the polymer. The release rate of 5-fluorouracil from the PEG-PBLG-EA copolymers was higher than that of the PEG-PBLG copolymers. This results indicated that EA is more effective than PEG for the preparation of the swellable polypeptides. It was observed, from the morphological study by scanning electron microscope, the pores are generated on the PEG-crosslinked PBLG, but not on the PEG-grafted-PBLG.

정신분열환자의 발병연령과 항정신병약물 투여전후의 혈장 Homovanillic Acid, 3-Methoxy-4-Hydroxyphenylglycol농도의 연관성

하형래,이인상,한규희 大韓神經精神醫學會 2003 신경정신의학 Vol.42 No.5

Objectives : The authors investigated the possibility of homovanillic acid (HVA) and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) concentrations in plasma to be biological markers before and after the pharmacological treatment of schizophrenia. Methods : Twenty-six patients with schizophrenia were enrolled after two week washout of neuroleptics. Baseline sampling was done after washout. Consequent samplings were done at two and four week time-points after neuroleptic treatment. The concentrations of HVA and MHPG were analysed with clinical variables, such as age, age of onset, duration of illness, period of hospitalization, and changes of clinical state. The HVA and MHPG were assayed using high pressure liquid Chromatography-electrochemical detection method. Results : A significant association was observed between the age of onset and plasma HVA concentration in washout state of antipsychotics. The earlier onset group had lower plasma HVA concentration than the late onset group. A significant association was observed between the age of onset and plasma MHPG concentration in washout state of antipsychotics. The earlier onset group had lower plasma MHPG concentration than the late onset group. Conclusions : The present findings suggest that the activities of dopamine and norepinephrine are different with respect to age of onset in the neuroleptic-naive schizophrenia. Plasma HVA and MHPG concentration can be biological markers for the subgrouping of schizophrenia.

심박수와 환기량을 이용한 최대산소섭취량 추정연구

김학렬,노성규,손태열,강인섭 龍仁大學校 體育科學硏究所 1991 體育科學硏究論叢 Vol.1 No.1

Direct measurement of oxygen uptake(V O₂??) is used to standard index of cardiorespiratory fitness, but is practical only in a laboratory setting. The purpose of this paper is presented assessing formular of V O₂?? with measured heart rate and ventilation as the independent variables and with directly measured V O₂?? as the dependent variables. Twenty males with college hand ball players volunteered to exercise on a bicycle ergometer by 2-min incremental load exercise. Incremented bicycle ergometer test was used to measure maximal values of metabolic variables. To calculated assessing formular of V O₂??, It was using linear regression and multiple linear regression. The conclusion were as follows : 1. Correlation Coefficient of heart rate and ventilation, oxygen uptake and ventilation, oxygen uptake and heart rate were presented r=0.918, r=0.936, r=0.930, respectively. also, multiple regression equation derived from data of the test group were; V O₂??(ml/kg/min)=HR(0.151)+VE-BTPS(0.012)-4.04…………(1) R²=0.9079 2. Linear regression of heart rate and oxygen uptake were: V O₂??(ml/kg/min)=HR(0.312)-14.03……………(2) R²=0.8654 3. Linear regression of ventilation and oxygen uptake were: V O₂??(ml/kg/min)=VE-BTPS(0.022)+6.997………(3) R²=0.8760 4. It was calculated more V O₂?? by using multiple linear regression considered two variables than assessing equation of V O₂?? with heart rate or ventilation.

정신분열병환자의 혈장 Homovanillic Acid와 3-Methoxy-4-Hydroxy-Phenylglycol 농도비와 임상적 변수와의 관계

김종훈,이인상,한규희 대한생물치료정신의학회 2000 생물치료정신의학 Vol.6 No.2

The homovanillic acid(HVA) and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol(MHPG) , the metabolites of dopamine and norepinephrine, in plasma were measured to examine the monoaminergic contribution to the psychopathology of schizophrenic illness. The relationship between HVA/MHPG ratio and clinical variables, such as positive-negative subgroup, age, onset age, duration of illnesstreatment and presence of family history. Twenty-five patients with schizophrenia after washout of neuroleptics were recruited for this study. The mean value of HVA/MHPG ratio was 2.15 in total patients with schizophrenia. Subjects were divided to two groups as high and low ratio group. No statistical differences were found between the high and low raio group in areas of clinical variables. However there appeared bimodal distribution in histogram. One group(n=21) showed the approximate normal distribution, another small group(n=4) distributed discretely beyond the ratio value 3. All of the patients of small group were positive schizophrenia. This finding suggests the possibility of clustering the schizophrenic illness biologically. In the near future the authors will try to confirm this finding in expanded numbers of subjects and in conjunction with 5-HIAA, another interesting monoaminergic metabolite.

전이금속촉매에 의한 환상중합고분자의 합성에 관한 연구

김윤희,문성배,김영인,정경규 부산대학교 1997 科學敎育硏究報 Vol.24 No.-

The cyclopolymerization of 4-ethyl-4-hydroxy-1,6-heptadiyne was carried out by transition metal catalysts such as MoCl_(5) or WCl_(6)-based catalysts. The catalytic activity of MoCl_(5) for this cyclopolymerization was greater than that of WCl_(6). The polymerization of 4-ethyl-4-hydroxy-1,6-heptadiyne by MoCl_(5) alone gives a quantitative yield of polymer. WCl_(6)-based catalyst system was not effective in this polymerization. The obtained polymer was generally insoluble in common organic solvents. The IR spectrum of poly (EHH) showed the stretching band of the carbon-carbon double bond at 1590-1650 cm^(-1) indicate a high conjugation. The thermal properties and oxidative stability of poly(EHH) were also studied. The electrical conductivity of the I2 doped poly(EHH) was 1.2 - 2.5 × 10^(-4) Scm^(-1). 본 연구에서는 4-위치에 에틸기와 히드록실기를 동시에 갖는 1,6-heptadiyne 유도체를 합성하여 이를 여러가지 전이 금속 촉매를 사용하여 합성하였다. MoCl_(5) - 단독 촉매를 사용할 경우 가장 높은 중합수율을 보였으며 WCl_(6)- 계 촉매의 경우 중합체가 얻어지지 않았다. 합성된 고분자는 여러 가지 분광 법으로 확인한 결과 주 사슬에 6각형 고리 구조를 가지면서 공액이중결합을 구조를 갖는 것으로 확인되었다. 중합된 고분자는 치환기의 효과로 여러 용매에 쉽게 용해되었으며 산화안정성도 높은 것으로 확인되었다. 합성된 고분자를 요오드로 도핑 시켜 전도도를 조사한 결과 1.2 - 2.5×10^(-4) Scm^(-1)를 갖는 것으로 확인되었다.

전기화학법에 의해 형성된 Ti 양극산화피막의 특성

김태영,손원우,권태엽,강인규,김교한 大韓齒科器材學會 2002 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.29 No.3

The effects of electrolyte concentration and current density on the behaviour of volt-time curve of the anodizing, morphology, roughness, crystallinity and composition of the oxide layer were studied. Microstructural morphology, crystallinity, composition and surface roughness of oxide layer were analyzed by observed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and X-ray diffractometry(XRD), Energy-dispersive spectrometer(EDS), Electron Probe Micro Analyzer(EPMA)and roughness tester, respectively. The results of this study showed that the voltage incresed as the anodizing time increase. The growth of the oxide film developed a barrier layer to a pore-like layer with an increasing of current density, arising a spark discharge. On the morphology of anodic oxide layer the number and size of porosity was increased by increasing anodizing time at a constant concentration of electrolyte. The size of porosity and the roughness of the anodic oxide layer were increased by the increasing of concentration of electrolyte. The anodic oxide layer obtained in the conditions of this experiment was identified as anatase. The crystallinity of oxide layer was decreased by increasing the concentration of electrolyte at constant current density, and increased by the increasing current density at constant electrolyte concentration. In the EPMA analysis of anodic oxide layer, the concentration of phosphorous was increasing the electrolyte concentration and increasing the final voltage at constant electrolyte concentration, The ratio of O/Ti of the oxide layer obtained in this experiment was near 2 confirming this oxide layer was TiO₂

제 5세대와 6세대 상아질 접착제의 전단접착강도 비교

이은경,김교한,강인규 대한치과기재학회 2001 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.28 No.1

The purpose of this study was to compare the shear bonding strength and the interfacial micromorpholoy of the 5th and 6th generation dentin bonding system. The evaluation of durability was performed by 1,000 thermocycling with 4℃ and 60℃ water. As the results, mean shear bond strengths of 5th generation dentin bonding systems ranged from 12.48 MPa to 16.71 MPa for One Step and OptiBond Solo, respectively. Mean shear bond strengths of 6th generation dentin bonding systems ranged from 19.03 for Prompt L-Pop to 20.12 MPa for One-Up Bond F. After the thermocycling, the shear bond strengths of 5th generation dentin bonding systems reduced more than that of the 6th generation dentin bonding system. In the thermocycle 0 and 1,000 groups, a significantly different bond strength was observed. The thickness of Hybrid layers were 2∼3㎛ and 1∼2㎛ for 5th and 6th generation dentin bonding systems, respectively. In the 5th generation dentin bonding systems, resin tags and resin penetration through lateral branches of tubules were prominent. In 6th generation, however, the same effect was not observed in the tubules.

연 착화제 효능에 관한 동물실험적 연구

서병성,김준연,김정만,김용규,정갑열,김성환,김인식,김병권 동아대학교 부설 산업의학연구소 1997 산업의학연구소 논총 Vol.- No.3

This experiment was carried out to compare the efficacy of 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid(DMSA) and calcium ethylenediamine tetraacetate(CaEDTA) as chelating agents for lead poisoning. The rats had been fed water containing 0.5% lead acetate for 3 months and randomly divided into three groups. We administered DMSA only for group I(n=5), CaEDTA only for group II(n=5), and both DMSA and CaEDTA for group III(n=10), for 4 days. We evaluated urinary lead(PbU) level, blood lead(PbB) level and blood zinc protoporphyrin(ZPP) level before and after administration of the chelating agents. The results obtained were as follows; 1. After administration of chelating agents, the mean PbU levels, which were 248.2㎍/dl, 252.6㎍/dl and 270.0㎍/dl in group I, II and III before administration, were increased to 484.6㎍/dl, 479.9㎍/dl and 1,792.1㎍/dl in group I, II and III, respectively(p<0.05). 2. After administration of chelating agents, the mean PbB levels, which were 67.4㎍/dl, 59.9㎍/dl and 62.5㎍/dl in group I, II and III before administration, were decreased to 38.1㎍/dl, 36.3㎍/dl and 31.3㎍/dl in group I, II and III, respectively(p<0.05), but there were no different changes of ZPP level among groups. 3. The blood lead clearances, which were calculated by PbB level before and after administration of chelating agents, were 49.8%, 43.5% and 39.5% in group III, I and II, respectively.