Soybean isoflavones alter parvalbumin in hippocampus of mid-aged normal female, ovariectomized female, and normal male rats

In, Koo,Yoonbok, Lee,Kiyeon, Yoo,Taecheon, Kang,Soonsung, Lim,Sangmoo, Kin,Heonsoo, Sohn,Woojung, Kim,Hyun, Kyung,Moo, Ho Science Press 2006 Acta pharmacologica Sinica. Vol.27 No.1

Aim: To investigate the long-term effect of soybean isoflavones on changes in parvalbumin (PV) immunoreactivity in the hippocampus in normal female, ovariectomized (OVX) female and normal male rats. Methods: Ten-month-old rats were assigned to one of 9 groups (n=7 in each group) based on body weight using a randomized complete-block design. The groups were: control diet-treated females, OVX females, and males; 0.3 g/kg isoflavone-treated females, OVX females, and males; and 1.2 g/kg isoflavone-treated females, OVX females, and males. The PV immunostaining was conducted by using the standard avidin-biotin complex method. Results: PV immunoreactivity and the number of PV-immunoreactive neurons in all the groups after isoflavone treatment were significantly changed in the hippocampal CA 1 region and in the dentate gyms, but not in the hippocampal CA2/3 region. PV immunoreactivity and the number of PV-immunoreactive neurons in the control diet OVX females were similar to those in the control diet, and were greater than those in the control diet normal females. PV immunoreactivity and the number of PV-immunoreactive neurons in all the isoflavone-treated groups decreased dose-dependently after isoflavone treatment. Conclusion: Long-term administration of isoflavones may induce a reduction of PV in interneurons in the hippocampal CA1 region and in the dentate gyrus. The reduction of PV in these regions suggests that the long-term administration of isoflavones may cause a change in calcium homeostasis in the hippocampal CA 1 region and in the dentate gyrus.

Analysis of Dam-Flood Vulnerability in Developing Countries

Inkoo, Kang(강인구),Sojung, Sim(심소정),Soojung, Han(한수정) 한국환경정책학회 2019 한국환경정책학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2019 No.2

Transport Cost, Relative Price, and International Risk Sharing

Inkoo Lee 한국무역학회 2010 한국무역학회 국제학술대회 Vol.2010 No.12

This paper examines the role of transport cost in accounting for the puzzling behaviors of relative price and risk sharing across countries. We show that introducing transport cost to an otherwise standard competitive model improves its ability to rationalize deviations from the law of one price and imperfect international risk sharing. Our analysis suggests that the purchasing power parity and international consumption correlation puzzles can naturally arise in the presence of real frictions, even under the assumption of complete financial markets.

Neuroprotective effects of roasted licorice, not raw form, on neuronal injury in gerbil hippocampus after transient forebrain ischemia

Inkoo, HWANG,Soonsung, LIM,Kyuhyun, CHOI,Kiyeon, YOO,Hyunkyung, SHIN,Eunji, KIM,Junghan, YOONPARK,Taecheon, KANG,Youngsup, KIM,Daeyoung, KWON,Dongwoo, KIM,Wonkook, MOON,Mooho, WON Science Press 2006 Acta pharmacologica Sinica. Vol.27 No.8

Aim: To observe neuroprotective effects of raw and roasted licorice against hypoxia and ischemic damage. Methods: When elucidating the protective effects of raw and roasted licorice, we analyzed the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release using PC12 cells after hypoxia in an in vitro study and after transient forebrain ischemia in an in vivo study on Mongolian gerbils. Results: Raw and roasted licorice significantly reduced LDH release from PC12 cells exposed to an hypoxic chamber for 1 h. In the roasted licorice-treated group, the decrease of LDH release was more pronounced compared to that of the raw licorice-treated group. In roasted licorice-treated animals, approximately 66%_71% of CA1 pyramidal cells in the ischemic hippocampus were stained with cresyl violet compared to the control group. However, in the raw licorice-treated animals, no significant neuroprotection against ischemic damage was shown. In addition, ischemic animals in roasted licorice-treated group maintained the Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1) activity and protein levels compared to the control group, while in raw licorice-treated group SOD1 activity and protein levels were reduced significantly. High pressure liquid chromatography analysis showed that non-polar compounds containing glycyrrhizin-degraded products, such as glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) and glycyrrhetinic acid monoglucuronide (GM), were increased in roasted licorice. Conclusion: Roasted licorice had neuroprotective effects against ischemic damage by maintaining the SOD1 levels. In addition, the difference in protective ability between raw and roasted licorice may be associated with non-polar compounds, such as GA and GM.

Expression of Epithin in the Mouse Preimplantation Development: 1 : Colocalization with E-cadherin

inkoo Khang,Seongjkeun Sonn,Kunsoo Rhee,Park Dongeun,Kim Kyungjin 한국발생생물학회 2002 한국발생생물학회 학술발표대회 Vol.14 No.-

KPACK: Relativistic Two-component Ab Initio Electronic Structure Program Package

Inkoo Kim,이윤섭 대한화학회 2013 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.34 No.1

We describe newly developed software named KPACK for relativistic electronic structure computation of molecules containing heavy elements that enables the two-component ab initio calculations in Kramers restricted and unrestricted formalisms in the framework of the relativistic effective core potential (RECP). The spin-orbit coupling as relativistic effect enters into the calculation at the Hartree-Fock (HF) stage and hence, is treated in a variational manner to generate two-component molecular spinors as one-electron wavefunctions for use in the correlated methods. As correlated methods, KPACK currently provides the two-component second-order Møller-Plesset perturbation theory (MP2), configuration interaction (CI) and complete-activespace self-consistent field (CASSCF) methods. Test calculations were performed for the ground states of group-14 elements, for which the spin-orbit coupling greatly influences the determination of term symbols. A categorization of three procedures is suggested for the two-component methods on the basis of spin-orbit coupling manifested in the HF level.

Transport Cost, Relative Price, and International Risk Sharing

Inkoo Lee 한국무역학회 2010 國際學術大會 論文集 Vol.2010 No.12

This paper examines the role of transport cost in accounting for the puzzling behaviors of relative price and risk sharing across countries. We show that introducing transport cost to an otherwise standard competitive model improves its ability to rationalize deviations from the law of one price and imperfect international risk sharing. Our analysis suggests that the purchasing power parity and international consumption correlation puzzles can naturally arise in the presence of real frictions, even under the assumption of complete financial markets.

Spin–orbit coupling and electron correlation in relativistic configuration interaction and coupled-cluster methods

Kim, Inkoo,Park, Young Choon,Kim, Hyungjun,Lee, Yoon Sup Elsevier 2012 Chemical physics Vol.395 No.-

<P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P><P>Spinor-based correlated methods are reliable in most cases, but coupled-cluster methods are very effective in recovering spin-orbit effects even for orbital based references and from the single excitation level.<ce:figure id='f0020'></ce:figure></P><P><B>Highlights</B></P><P>► Performances of Kramers restricted (KR) and spin–orbit (SO), CI and CC are compared. ► KR-CI and CC exhibit good qualities with respect to increase in spin–orbit coupling. ► SOCI requires triple or quadruple excitations to generate reasonable results. ► SOCC shows a negligible dependence on the strength of spin–orbit coupling. ► Success of SOCC is due to the effective recovery of the spin–orbit energy by SOCCS.</P> <P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>We studied convergence characteristics of relativistic effective core potential (RECP) based configuration interaction (CI) and coupled-cluster (CC) schemes in terms of spin–orbit coupling and electron correlation. The relativistic correlated methods can be divided into Kramers restricted (KR) and spin–orbit (SO) methods which differ by the stage of spin–orbit treatment: the KR method employs two-component Kramers restricted Hartree–Fock (HF) spinors as the one-electron basis in which spin–orbit coupling is included, whereas the SO method is based on one-component molecular orbitals generated from scalar relativistic HF and the spin–orbit interaction is then entered in post-HF step. The KR method is usually superior to the SO method for molecules containing heavy elements since spin–orbit coupling is included from the HF step. A performance calibration of the SO method against the KR method is performed by computations of the ground state energies and equilibrium bond lengths of MH (M=Tl, Pb, Bi, Po, and At). Spin–orbit coupling of each molecule was systematically increased by adjusting the spin–orbit operator of RECP to investigate its impact on the SO method. Although KRCI and SOCI converged to the same <I>full</I>-CI limit, for the strong spin–orbit coupling SOCI required higher levels of correlation compared to KRCI to account for the orbital relaxation effect. SOCC, in contrast, was able to recover both spin–orbit interaction and electron correlation in CC steps regardless of the spin–orbit strength, implying that SOCC could be the reliable and efficient relativistic <I>ab initio</I> method for moderate sized molecules containing heavy elements.</P>

Two-component multi-configurational second-order perturbation theory with Kramers restricted complete active space self-consistent field reference function and spin-orbit relativistic effective core potential.

Kim, Inkoo,Lee, Yoon Sup American Institute of Physics 2014 The Journal of chemical physics Vol.141 No.16

<P>We report the formulation and implementation of KRCASPT2, a two-component multi-configurational second-order perturbation theory based on Kramers restricted complete active space self-consistent field (KRCASSCF) reference function, in the framework of the spin-orbit relativistic effective core potential. The zeroth-order Hamiltonian is defined as the sum of nondiagonal one-electron operators with generalized two-component Fock matrix elements as scalar factors. The Kramers symmetry within the zeroth-order Hamiltonian is maintained via the use of a state-averaged density, allowing a consistent treatment of degenerate states. The explicit expressions are derived for the matrix elements of the zeroth-order Hamiltonian as well as for the perturbation vector. The use of a fully variational reference function and nondiagonal operators in relativistic multi-configurational perturbation theory is reported for the first time. A series of initial calculations are performed on the ionization potential and excitation energies of the atoms of the 6p-block; the results display a significant improvement over those from KRCASSCF, showing a closer agreement with experimental results. Accurate atomic properties of the superheavy elements of the 7p-block are also presented, and the electronic structures of the low-lying excited states are compared with those of their lighter homologues.</P>

Stabilization of methionine enkephalin in various rabbit mucosal extracts by enzyme inhibitors

Chun Inkoo 동덕여자대학교 종합약학연구소 1996 동덕약학연구지 Vol.1 No.-