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Trace Elements in Ground and Packaged Water in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
Inam, Edu,Kim, Kyoung-Woong,Ebong, Godwin,Eduok, Ubong 한국암반공학회 2010 Geosystem engineering Vol.13 No.2
About 20 trace elements were measured in 165 ground water samples, 8 commercial brands of bottled and sachet water in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria to ascertain their quality and suitability for drinking purposes. A comparison of the elemental concentrations with World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines and Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ) showed that with the exception of Al, Cd, Pb, and Fe in some of the ground and packaged water samples, the levels of all the other elements investigated were below the maximum allowable limits. Hierarchical cluster analysis grouped 16 sampling local government councils into four clusters of similar water quality characteristics. Based on the obtained information, it is possible to design a future, optimal sampling strategy for monitoring programs which could reduce the number of sampling stations and associated costs.
Inam Ullah,임효정 현대영어교육학회 2023 현대영어교육 Vol.24 No.-
Efforts have been made to improve the output of automated essay evaluation systems to emulate human ratings in the field of applied linguistics. The current study aimed to explore the textual features that distinguish good from poor second-language (L2) writing using Coh-Metrix version 3.0 and to compare the output of an online text analysis tool to human rating. Sixty essays were collected from tertiary-level on-campus essay writing contests in 2017 - 2018. Three experienced English instructors rated the essays using a rubric from Jacobs et al. (1981). The Coh-Metrix output, including indices of descriptive, text easability, lexical diversity, connectives, latent semantic analysis (LSA), word information, and L2 readability, were evaluated by correlation analyses and independent t-tests. The results showed that higher scorers wrote longer, with a greater number of sentences and paragraphs. They were also likely to use more concrete words, more frequent words, and better cohesion, all of which contributed to readability. The pedagogical implications and limitations of using Coh-Metrix for L2 writing testing and instruction were further discussed.
Inam, Muhammad,Li, Zhuo,Zardari, Zulfiqar Ali The Korea Institute of Information and Commucation 2021 Journal of information and communication convergen Vol.19 No.2
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) require an enormous number of sensor nodes (SNs) to maintain processing, sensing, and communication capabilities for monitoring targeted sensing regions. SNs are generally operated by batteries and have a significantly restricted energy consumption; therefore, it is necessary to discover optimization techniques to enhance network lifetime by saving energy. The principal focus is on reducing the energy consumption of packet sharing (transmission and receiving) and improving the network lifespan. To achieve this objective, this paper presents a novel improved energy-efficient cluster-based routing protocol (IECRP) that aims to accomplish this by decreasing the energy consumption in data forwarding and receiving using a clustering technique. Doing so, we successfully increase node energy and network lifetime. In order to confirm the improvement of our algorithm, a simulation is done using matlab, in which analysis and simulation results show that the performance of the proposed algorithm is better than that of two well-known recent benchmarks.
Inam, Ilker,Soydan, Gokhan,Demirci, Musa,BiZim, Osman,Cangul, Ismail Naci Korean Mathematical Society 2007 대한수학회논문집 Vol.22 No.2
In this work, authors considered a result concerning elliptic curves $y^2=x^3+cx$ over $\mathbb{F}_p$ mod 8, given at [1]. They noticed that there should be a slight change at this result. They give counterexamples and the correct version of the result.
Edu Inam,Joseph Essien,Basil Ita,Helen Etuk,김경웅 한국자원공학회 2012 Geosystem engineering Vol.15 No.1
The mangrove oyster: Crassostrea rhizophorae was harvested from clutches associated with mangroves in the Qua Iboe Estuary and adjoining creeks to determine the concentrations of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) and trace metals (Fe, Ni, Pb, Cr, V, Cu, and Zn) and to understand their bioaccumulation status. The mean concentrations of trace metals in C. rhizophorae were 36.06 mg·kg-1 for Fe, 0.58 mg·kg-1 for Ni, 0.05 mg·kg-1 for Pb, 0.66 mg·kg-1 for Cr, 0.32 mg·kg-1 for V, 6.70 mg·kg-1 for Cu, and 3.93mg·kg-1 for Zn. The oysters demonstrated relative affinity for accumulation of Fe, Cu, and Zn, and the relative status of the metals accumulated, in comparison with the background trace metal load, revealed bio-concentration factors of 0.024, 0.016, 0.004, 0.213, 0.037, 0.302, and 0.036 for Fe, Ni, Pb, Cr, V, Cu, and Zn, respectively. The concentrations of TPH in the oyster were highly variable and ranged between 6.37 and 8.44 mg·kg-1 dry weight of C. rhizophorae. Although the correlation between TPH levels in intertidal (epipelic) sediment and oyster specimens was positive (r = 0.097), it was not significant (p > 0.05). However, the relationship between TPH and trace metal levels in C. rhizophorae revealed well-fitting linear models that indicated that the trace metals originated from petrogenic sources. Although the levels of TPH and trace metals in the oyster were within permissible levels, they might affect calcium metabolism and the general productivity of the shellfish. The recorded levels are also indicative of long-term and chronic accumulation of hydrocarbons in the estuarine ecosystem and potential risk to human health.
Raja, Inam ul Haq,Lee, Jae Yeol,Kim, In Tae,Lee, So Ha WILEY-VCH Verlag 2008 Chem Inform Vol.39 No.36
<P>ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.</P>
Rational points on Frey elliptic curves y^2=x^3-n^2x
I. Inam,O. Bizim,I. Cang?l 장전수학회 2007 Advanced Studies in Contemporary Mathematics Vol.14 No.1
In this work, we study the rational points on eliptic curves of the form y2 = x3 n2x over finite fields in a different way, i.e. using only elementary number theory. We calculate the number of rational point sover Fp modulo 8. We show that here are two possible cases wherep 1or 3 (mod 4). In the former case we find a classication of the number of points, while in the later case, we know that here are p + 1 points on the curve by the supersingular curve theory.