비만 환자에서 비만관련 유전자 다형성에 따른 체중감량차이 : 지방흡수억제제를 복용한 환자를 대상으로 In Cases of Subjects with Orlistat for Weight Reduction

서영성,김대현,이인규,이근미,김영훈 대한비만학회 2003 The Korean journal of obesity Vol.13 No.4

연구배경: 지금까지 유전자 이상과 비만의 관계에 대한 연구는 대부분 단면연구이며 결과 또한 서로 상반된 경우가 많았다. 그러므로 이들 유전자가 비만에 미치는 영향을 보기 위해서 단면연구보다 장기적인 연구가 더 적절하다. 본 연구의 목적은 체중조절을 목적으로 인정된 약물 중 식욕, 대사율 증가및 지방분해에 직접 관여하지 않는 orlistat를 복용하는 비만환자에서 식욕에 관여하는 leptin 수용체 유전자와 지방의 분해와 기초대사량 증가에 관여하는 베타-3 아드레날린 수용체 유전자의 다형성에 따른 체중감량의 차이에 대하여 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 대상군은 2001년 10월부터 2002년 8월까지 대구시내 3개 병원에 비만치료를 목적으로 내원한 환자 중 BMI 27 kg/m² 이상인 18∼65세 남녀로 orlistat를 복용한 환자 81명이었다. 이들은 매 방문시마다 신체계측하였고 2주마다 저열량 식사교육을 실시하였다. 유전자 분석은 베타-3 아드레날린 수용체 Trp64Arg 다형성과 렙틴수용체 Gln223Arg 다형성을 보았고 분석결과에 따라 두 군으로 나누었다. 결과: 1. Orlistat를 12주 복용한 결과 체중, 허리둘레 및 BMI는 각각 4.1±0.4 kg, 4.6±0.5 cm, 1.7±0.3 kg/m² 감소하였다. 2. 렙틴유전자 다형성에 따라 정상 동형접합체 및 이형접합체군과 변이 동형접합체군 간의 체중, 허리 둘레, 및 BMI 감소정도는 12주 후 체중이 변이 동형접합체에서 더 많이 감소하였으나 통계적인 차이는 없었다. 베타-3 아드레날린 수용체 유전자 다형성에 따라 정상동형접합체군과 이형접합체군 및 변이 동형접합체군 간의 체중 허리둘레 BMI 감소 정도는 12주 후 이형 및 변이동형접합체 군에서 더 많이 감소하였으나 현저한 차이는 없었다. 3. Orlistat를 12주 동안 복용한 56명 중 5% 이상 체중 감소한 환자는 렙틴수용체 유전자 다형성에 따른 변이 동형접합체군이 60.0%로 타 군의 38.1%에 비해 높았으나 통계학적인 차이는 없었다. 또한 베타수용체 유전자에 따른 체중감소율의 비교 결과 이형 및 변이 동형접합체군에서 5%이상 체중 감소한 환자율는 57.7%로 정상동형접합체군의 46.7%에 비해 높았으나 통계학적인 차이는 없었다. 결론: 한국인을 대상으로 시행된 본 연구 결과 렙틴수용체 유전자 및 베타-3 아드레날린 수용체 유전자의 다형성은 체중감소 치료에 미치는 영향이 적을 것으로 생각된다. Background: From a lot of cross-sectional studies, the relationship between obesity and variants of obesity related gene is inconsistent. In addition, some longitudinal studies showed different results, too. Therefore, we investigated the response of anthropometric data to 12 weeks weight loss program in obese patients with Trp64Arg variants in the β-3 adrenergic receptor and Gln223Arg variants in the leptin receptor gene. Method: 81 adult obese subjects with BMI >27 kg/m² were included for this study. They were recruited for weight management from 3 hospitals in Daegu and had taken orlistat for 4 week at least. Anthropometric measurements were weight, height, waist and hip circumference. The genotypes for both genes of study subjects were determined by protocols. Results: Subjects lost significantly more weight, waist circumference, and BMI than those of before study for 12 weeks (P<0.0001). Reductions in body weight, waist circumference, and BMI. There were not significantly different between Gln carriers and noncarriers of Gln223Arg variants in leptin receptor gene or Arg carriers and noncarriers of Trp64Arg variants in -3 adrenergic receptor gene (P>0.05). During the 12 weeks of treatment, 60.1% of patients in completer with Gln noncarriers of leptin receptor lost more than 5% of their initial body weight and, however, were not significantly different than 38.1% of those in completer with Gln carriers. Conclusion: These results suggest that the presence of Gln223Arg variants in the leptin receptor and Trp64Arg variants in the -3 adrenergic receptor in subjects with orlistat may not be a hindrance or a help to reduce body weight.

흰쥐에서의 Puromycin Aminonucleoside-유발 단백뇨에 대한 선택적 Thromboxane A₂수용체길항제, KT2-962의 효과

서대규,신인철,고현철,하경란,강주섭 한양대학교 의과대학 1994 한양의대 학술지 Vol.14 No.1

The administration of puromycin aminonucleoside(PAN) to rats caused to nephrotic syndrome which characterized ascites, proteinurisa, hypoalbuminemia, and hyperlipidemia similar to those observed in human minimal change disease. Recently, several studies indicate that renal endogenous thromboxane(Tx) A₂may have an important role in pathophysiology of various renal disease. In this sutdy, we hafve examined the protective effct of a selective TxA₂receptor antagonist, KT2-962(KT2) on PAN-induced proteinuria in rats. Thus, male Wistar rats were given either daily subsutaneous injection of PAN, 20mg/kg, for 10 consecutive days from 3 days before to 7 days with PAN treatment. Urine was collectd, and body weight was measured in interval of 2 days during 2 weeks and urinary N-acetyl-β-Dglucosaminidase(NAG) activity as an index of renal tubular cell damage and urine protein were measured. In addition to measuring BUN, serum creatinine and creatinine clearance were measured to assess the degree of renal functional damage in 14th day. The results(Means SE) otained can be summarized as follows: 1)Body weight(gm) was progressively increased and gained about 46.4gm and 39.2gm on 2 weeks of treatment in the control and KT2 groups respectively. In constrast, there was weight loss about 27.4gm in the PAN group. But, it was increased about 23.2 gm in KT2+PAN grou and means that KT2 has significantly(p<0.05) suppressed weight loss by PAN. 2)Urine flow (ml/24 hours) was slightly increased in both control and KT2 groups during 2 weeks. But, it was significantly(p<0.05) increased after 7th groups during 2 weeks. But, it was significantly(p<0.05) increased after 7th day. But, concurrent administration of KT2 significantly(P<0.05) suppressed PAN-induced polyuria in KT2+PAN group. 3)Urinary protein(mg/24 hours0 was slightly increased in both control and KT2 groups. But, it was progressively increased and reached at the maximal level, 3.2 folds of initial level to 11th day and thereafter slightly reduced proteinuria to 14th day in the PAN group. In contrast, KT2 cotreatment with PAN was significantly(P<0.05) suppressed PAN-induced proteinuria in the KT2+PAN group. 4)Urinary NAG activity was markedly increased and reached to maximal level, 122.03 18.53 U/mg of urine creatinine, 12.7 folds of initial by day 9 and thenafter progressively decreased to 5.4 folds of initial level by day 14 in the PAN group. But, when KT2 was administered with PAN, it was significantly depressed its increment to day 13. But, it was reached to maximal level, 99.05 42.55, 12.7 folds of inital level much than PAN group. This result indicated that KT2 had a partial preventive effect on PAn-induced renal tubular cell damage. 5)The BUN and serum creatinine level(mg/dl) were significantly(p<0.05) increased from initial level, 18.48 1.28 and 0.50 0.03 to 118.42 41.34 and 1.66 0.27 respectively, and creatinine clearance(ml/min) was significantly(P<0.05) decreased from initial level, 0.44 0.02 to 0.28 0.07 by day 14 by PAN treatment. But, when PAN was given together with KT2, the increment of BUN and serum creatinine except for creatinine clearance were significantly(P<0.05) inhibited in the KT2+PAN group. Based on all these results obtained in this study, it is concluded that the coadministration of KT2-962 with PAN can be ingibited protein excretion in urine and suggested that endogenous TxA₂would take part in PAN-induced proteinuria in rats.

外來와 入院高血壓患者의 血漿 Renin 活性度 및 檢査方法의 比較 硏究

李種仁,徐舜圭 고려대학교 의과대학 1983 고려대 의대 잡지 Vol.20 No.3

Since the plasma-renin activity(PRA) value varies by many factors such as amount of sodium in-take, diuretics and posture, the basal PRA with double stimulated PRA measurement is most widely used. However the method of the study is different according to investigators and especially the PRA study in out-patient is not easy. Auther attempted to establish an easy and reliable method of PRA study in out-patient and their data were compaired with those of in-patient by the study of 38 normal cases and 207 hypertensive patients. Twenty four hours urine and overnight urine sodium measurement showed that the overnight urine sodium was about 45% of that of twenty for hours urine. More than 70mEq of overnight urine sodium is considered to be borderline to neglect sodium intake for study. The PRA of normal adult was measured at 30 minutes and one hour rest in supine or sitting position after arrival to hospital. There were minor increase of PRA after 30 minutes and one hour rest than basal PRA which will not confuse the evaluation of PRA. After Lasix 40 ㎎ and 20 ㎎ intravenous injection with walking respectively, the PRA changes were measured in 30 minutes, 1, 2, and 3 hours in normal adult. The results appeared that Lasix 20 ㎎ intravenous injection and 1 hour walking double stmulation is suitable method of PRA stimulation test in out-patient clinic. The Lasix 40㎎ l. v. and 2 hours walking stimulation test is considered to be suitable method of PRA stimulation test in ward patient. With above study, the following method of PRA study in out-patient clinic is recommended; 1. Overnight fasting and overnight urine collection for urinary sodium measurement 2. Patient should visit hospital in fasting state and take rest for 30 minutes in supine or sitting position and thereafter take blood sample of about 5-10ml as out-patient basal PRA. Inject Lasix 20 ㎎ intravenously and walk for I hour and take blood sample again as double stimulation test. As double stimulation test of PRA for in-patient, Lasix 40 ㎎ l.v. and 2 hours walking is recommended. By using above method, the basal PRA in clinic in 16 young normal adults was 2.30±1.02(0.70-3.47)ng/ml/h in sitting rest and 1.76±1.21(0.1-4.03)ng/ml/h in supine rest In 47 non-hypertensive ward patients who will not have any abnormality in PRA, the 24 hour urinary sodium was average 221 mEq and the basal PRA was 1.46±0.89(0.30-3.75)ng/ml/h. In out-patients with essential hypertension without complication, the average basal PRA was not different from that of normal adult. However male in-patients with essential hypertension without complication had slightly higher average PRA than normal adult. The distribution of low (0.56ng/ml/h), average(0.57-2.35ng/ml/h) and high (2.3ng/ml/h) Renin groups in essential hypertention showed higher incidence of high group in male in-patients. But in out-patients with hypertension, the low rennin group of patient was high. Relatively low normal value of PRA in this study may be due to high sodium in-take. The higher incidence of high PRA group in essential hypertension of in-patients may be due to the difference of hypertensive status between out-patient and in-patient.

Sarcoma 180 유발생쥐의 생존시간에 대한 Cyclophosphamide 및 Typhoid Vaccine 의 단독 및 병합투여의 영향

신인철,서대규,김윤원 漢陽大學校 環境科學硏究所 1989 環境科學論文集 Vol.10 No.-

체중 25mg내외의 ICR계 웅성생쥐에 복수암인 sarcoma 180을 유발시킨 후 48시간 경과후부터 격일로 1일 1회씩3회에 걸쳐 체중 kg당 8ml의 생리적 식염수를 복강내에 투여한 군을 대조군으로 하고,체중 kg당 100 mg의 cyclophosphamide를 복강내에 단독 투여한 군과 체중 kg당 4ml의 typhoid vaccine을 복강내에 단독 투여한 군 및 체중 kg당 100mg의 cyclophosphamide와 4ml의 typhoid vaccine을 복강내에 병합 투여한 군으로 나누었다.숙주의 수명은 잔존하는 악성종양 세포의 수와 반비례하는 것으로 알려져 있음으로 sarcoma 180 유발 생쥐의 생존시간 및 암세포수에 미치는 cyclophosphamide 및 typhoid vaccine의 단독 또는 상호 병합투여에 대한 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. Sarcoma 180 유발생쥐의 생존일수의 평균치는 대조군에서는 13.8일이었으나, cyclophosphamide 단독 투여군에서는 20.2일, typhoid vaccine 단독 투여군에서는 18.1일 이었고, cyclophosphamide와 typhoid vaccine 병합 투여군에서는 23.4일로서 생존일수의 언장효과를 보여주었다. 2. Sarcoma 180 유발 생쥐의 복수에서의 암세포 수는 대조군에서는 암세포 수가 점차증가되었으나, cyclophosphamide 단독 투여군, typhoid vaccine 단독 투여군 및 cyclophosphamide와 typhoid vaccine 병합 투여군에서는 대조군에서 보다 적은 범위로 암세포 수가 증가되어 암세포 증식의 억제효과를 보여 주었는데 cyclophosphamide 와 typhoid vaccine 병합 투여 군에서 가장 큰 폭으로 암세포 증식의 억제효과를 보여 주었다. Sarcoma 180 bearing mice, averaging 25gm of body weight, were divided into 4 groups of animals, animals administered 8ml/kg of normal saline as control group, group administered 100mg/kg of cyclophosphamide, group administered 4ml/kg of typhoid vaccine and group administered 100mg/kg of cyclophosphamide and 4ml/kg of typhoid vaccine. Treatment was initiated 48 hours after tumor implantation and repeated three times once a day. All the agents given were administered intraperitoneally. This study was made to elucidate the effects of cyclophosphamide and typhoid vaccine on the survival days and tumor cell count in sarcoma 180 bearing mice. The results were as follows. 1. Average survival days was 13.8 days in control group, 20.2 days in group administered cyclophosphamide in alone, 18.1 days in group administered typhoid vaccine in alone and 23.4 days in group administered cyclophosphamide and typhoid vaccine in combination. 2. Tumor cellcount in ascitic fluid was increased in control group and increased to smallerextents than control group in groups administered cyclophosphamide and typhoid vaccine in alone or combination.Consequently,it is suggested that cyclophosphamide and typhoid vaccine have the effects of prolongation of survival days and inhibition of proliferation of tumor cells in sarcoma 180 bearing mice.

대형정신병원 입원환자의 수면제 처방에 관련된 인자

김현숙,서혜수,송인제,손진욱 대한생물치료정신의학회 1997 생물치료정신의학 Vol.3 No.1

만성화된 환자들이 주로 입원하여 있는 대형정신병원에서 수면제의 처방에 영향을 미치는 요소들을 조사해 보고자 하였다. 1996년 10월 2일 국립부곡정신병원에 입원해 있는 환자 402명을 대상으로 병록지조사를 통해 입원시부터 조사당일까지의 수면제 사용을 조사였다. 담당의사의 routine order에 의한 수면제 처방의 여부, 담당의사의 p.r.n. order에 의한 처방 여부, 당직의사에 의한 수면제 처방 여부를 조사하여 환자의 나이, 성별, 진단, 입원횟수, 유병기간, 담당의사의 정신과 근무 연수 등의 변수에 따라 비교해 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) 207명(51.5%)이 재원기간동안 최소한 일회 이상 수면제를 복용하였고, 195명(48.5%)은 수면제를 복용한 적이 없었다. 2) 담당의사의 routine order에 의한 수면제 처방의 빈도는 남자에 비해 여자에서 높았다. 3) 담당의사의 routine order에 의한 수면제 처방의 빈도는 전문의가 담당의사인 환자군에서 높았다. 4) 담당의사의 p.r.n. order에 의한 수면제 처방의 빈도는 전공의 1년차가 담당하는 환자나 전문의가 담당하는 환자에서 높았다. 5) 연령, 진단, 유병기간, 입원횟수 등은 수면제 처방의 빈도와 유의한 관계가 없었다. 이상의 결과를 통해 국립부곡정신병원의 입원환자에서 수면제의 처방이 환자의 성별과 담당의사의 정신과 근무 연수와 관계됨을 알 수 있었다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors that were associated with the prescription of hypnotics in inpatients of a large mental hospital. The medical records were reviewed in 402 inpatients who were admitting in Bugok National Mental Hospital at October 2, 1996. The results were as follows: 1) Fifty-one percent of the whole group received a hypnotics at least once during hospitalization. 2) The prescription of hypnotics by routine order of doctor in charge was more frequent in female patients than male patients. 3) The prescription of hypnotics by routine order of doctor in change was more frequent in patients whose doctor in charge was a psychiatric specialist than patients whose doctor in charge was a psychiatric resident. 4) The prescription of hypnotics by p.r.n. order of doctor in charge was more frequent in patients whose doctor in charge was a first-year psychiatric resident or a psychiatric specialist than a second, a third, or a forth-year psychiatric resident. 5) Age, duration of illness, frequency of admission, and diagnosis were not significantly associated with frequency of hypnotics prescription. These findings suggest that the prescription of hypnotics in inpatients of Bugok National Mental Hospital was positively associated with patient's sex and duration of service of doctor in charge.

一部 産業場 勤勞者의 建康狀態에 對한 調査硏究 : 産業看護師의 役割開發을 위하여

朴文熙,徐仁善 全北大學校 1991 論文集 Vol.33 No.-

The purpose of this study was to provide the basic data for industrial nurses to perform their duties effectively, by comprehending the health problem of the industrial workers. The study was undertaken from October 1 to December 30, 1989. The subjects were 495 workers of the textile industry and 999 workers of the machine industry in some industrial corps. The interrelationship between workers' general characteristics and their perceived symptoms, and between the factors relating with the kinds of job and their perceived symptoms was examined and analyzed according to the type of industry. The results were as follows : A. The difference of the degrees of perceived symptoms according to general characterisrics. The degrees of appealing for perceived symptoms according to : 1. age : the younger, the higher. 2. sexuality : female was higher than male. 3. marriage : unmarried were higher than married. 4. level of education : high school graduates were the highest in the machine industry, and middle school graduates were the highest in the textile industry. 5. residence : workers living in the dormitory were the highest. 6. mealtime : the more irregular was the mealtime the higher became the degree. 7. smoking : non-smokers were the highest. B. The difference of the degrees of perceived symptoms according to the kinds of job. The degrees of appealing for perceived symptoms according to : 1. job experience : workers of four-year experience were the highest in the machine industry, and those of two-year experience were the highest in the textile industry. 2. department : workers of assembling department were the highest in the machine industry, and those of packing department were the highest in the textile industry. 3. working-posture : 1) workers working at sitting posture were high in eye symptoms in the machine industry (P < 0.0001). 2) workers working at standing posture were high in musculo-skeletal symptoms in the textile industry(P < 0.01). 4. kinds of job : 1) workers working in the noisy environment were high in musculo-skeletal symptoms in the machine industry, and in neural and mental symptoms in the textile industry(P < 0.0001). 2) workers dealing with manual job and weighty things were high in musculo-skeletal symptoms both in the machine and in the textile industry. 3) workers working a long time with the same posture were high in neural and mental, musculoskeletal, and eye symptoms both in the machine and in the textile industry(P < 0.0001). 5. environment of working area : both in the machine and in the textile industry. 1) workers with illumination problem were high in eye symptoms(P < 0.005). 2) workers with ventilation problem were high in musculo-skeletal symptoms(P < 0.0001). 3) workers with natural lighting problem were high in integumentary symptoms. 6. satisfaction with their work : both in the machine and in the textile industry, the more dissatisfied with their work they were the higher became the degrees of their perceived symptoms. 7. satisfaction with their working condition : both in the machine and in the textile industry, the more dissatisfied with their working condition they were, the higher became the degrees of their perceived symptoms.

Endoscopy and Imaging Modalities/Basic Science of Gastrointestinal Disorders/Miscellaneous : Changing Pattern Of Digestive And Liver Disease In Korea, 1990-2006 Year; A Single Center Study

( Jung Hyun Kwon ),( Sang Woo Kim ),( In Sik Chung ),( Myung Gyu Choi ),( Kwan Woo Nam ),( Jung Pil Suh ),( Jae Hyuck Chang ),( Won Haing Hur ),( Yu Kyung Cho ),( Jae Myung Park ),( In Seok Lee ) 대한소화기학회 2007 SIDDS Vol.9 No.-

Background/Aims: Westernization in many Asian countries have changed lifestyles and diets, so once rare diseases have now become prevalent. The aim of this study is to investigate the changing pattern of digestive and liver disease in Korea, from 1990 to 2006. Methods: We extracted data specific gastrointestina (GI) disease based on the International Classification of Diseases code from the in-patients records at the Kangnam St. Mary`s Hospital in 1990, 1996 and 2006. This hospital is a tertiary-care hospital in Seoul, Korea, which has a capacity of 800 beds. Results: The admission rate for GI disease increased between 1990 and 2006. Overall in-patients were 1,623 persons in 1990, 2,368 persons in 1996 and 4,166 persons in 2006. The mean age of in-patients increased as time went by. A stomach cancer was the most common diagnosis during all periods, but its prevalence has decreased. Colon cancer ranked the 7th in 1990, but markedly increased and now ranks the second. The third was a hepatocellular carcinoma. The bile duct and gallbladder cancer, pancreas and esophageal cancer ranking followed with little interval change. In cases of cancer patients, a regular admission dramatically increased for chemotherapy. The number of patients admitted with pre-malignant neoplasm of stomach and colon increased remarkably with the development of endoscopy. The liver transplant, inflammatory bowel discase, and reflux esophagitis emerged form mid-1990s with greater frequencies, yet much below the levels found in the West. The admission rate for peptic ulcer, especially ulcer bleeding remained relatively stable, despite a decreased rate for ulcer perforation. Liver cirrhosis, hepatitis, cholelithiasis with cholecystitis-cholangitis, appendicitis, hemorrhoid and gastritis all decreased. Conclusions: The stomach cancer is the leading cause of admission, despite a recent decline. Colon cancer showed a marked rise. The liver transplant, inflammatory bowel disease and reflux esophagitis were new diagnosis with an increased tendency.

급성 췌장염에서 내시경적 역행성 담췌관 조영술의 임상적 의의

강진경,박인서,송건훈,정재복,송시영,한기준 대한소화기내시경학회 1996 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.16 No.3

The safety of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) in patients with acute pancreatitis(AP) was confirmed in the past decade. Especially in ease of acute gallstone panereatitis, early ERCP/EST(endoscopic sphincterotomy) may reduce the incidence of complications by removing gallstone which causes acute attack of pancreatitis. To assess clinical usefulness of ERCP/EST in the setting of AP, we reviewed clinical records of 58 patients with AP who had undergone ERCP /EST during the same period of admission. 1) There were thirty-four men and twenty-four women with a mean age of 51.4 (range 14-82). According to the Atlanta classification, forty-two patients were determined to have 'mild' pancreatitis, while the remaining sixteen were determined to have `severe' pancreatitis. 2) The most common indication which urged to perform ERCP was common bile duct(CBD) stones suspected by other imaging reodalities(23 cases). The next common was dilatation of CBD detected on ultrasonography in nine cases. 3) Seven patients received ERCP within 24 hours and seventeen underwent ERCP between the period of 24-72 hours after admission. Therefore 24 patients(41.4%) underuvent ERCP within 72 hours after admission. 4) The rate of visualization of either bile duct(BD) or pancreatic duct(PD) was 93.1 %. There was no significant complication attributable to the procedure itself. 5) In 8 patients(21.1%), pancreatogram revealed chronic pancreatitis. This finding was more commonly encountered in patients who were determined to have 'severe' pancreatitis. Eighteen patients(39.1%) had stones of common bile duct and this was the most common cholangiographic finding. But the incidence of CBD stone was not different between `mild' and 'severe' pancretitis groups. 6) Among various predictors of gallstone panreatitis such as elevated total blirubin, alcalin pbosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and suspected stones on sonography the stones found orb sonography was proceed to be the most sgnificant factor in prediction of gallstaMe pancreatitis(p=0.032). 7) EST was successfully performed in 13 patents without significant procedurerelated complication. 8) In patients who were treated for acute gallstone pancreatitis, there was no significant difference in various clinical paramlters including severity, in-hospital stay, incidence of complication and laboratory indings between the surgery group and the EST group. 9) ERCP was useful in 35 patients(60.3%) by providing diagnostic information or therapeutic modalities. The confirmation and endoscopic removal of CBD stones represented the most part of advantages. In conclusion, we have found ERCP/EST to be a safe and useful modality in both diagnostic and therapeutic aspects for patients with AP. Especially in patients with gallstone pancreatitis, ERCPIEST lave evolved into an important role by early identification and safe removal of gallstone.

대도시 지역주민의 흡연실태와 관련요인 분석

김기열,임상규,서인선,강창열,이병직,남철현,위광복 慶山大學校 保健福祉硏究所 1997 保健福祉硏究 Vol.1 No.-

To collect basic data for deveoping education program for quitting smoking, 1200 subjects were selected randomly living in Seoul, Pusan, Taegu and suburban areas and interviewed about their smoking habits and attitudes from June 20 to July 20, 1997. The result of this study was summarized as follows: 1. In the general characterisics of subjects, the proportion of female was the higher(53.8%) than that of male. Among them, the portion of twenties was 46.6%. in level of educational background, the rate of college graduates was 45.2%, that of high school was 35.7%, that of middle school was 11.5%. The highest proportion by occupation was 38.9% of student. The next was 11.7% of technician, 10.1% of unemployed, 9.4% of office worker and 9.3% of salesman. 2. The proportion of the smokers among subjects was 34.3%. The portion of male smokers was 65.7%, that of female smokers was 7.3%, which had tendency to increased. At the rate of smoking by age, 47.6% in over fifties, 43.6% in forties and 38.7% in thirties were showed that the rate of smoking was the higher in the older age. 3. In the quantity of smoking cigarettes, the rate of one park of cigarettes per day was 52.7%, that of a half pack was 31.1% and that of over two 53.2% and that in female was 59.1% which was highest. 4. In smoking period, the rate of smokers for over 20 years was 29.7%, that for 1-4 years was 25.1% and that for 5-9 years was 20.9%. The variables of age, marital status, educational level and occupation were statistically significant(p<0.01). 5. In the intention of quitting smoking, 48.0% of subjects wanted to stop smoking, 33.4% of them wanted to reduce amounts of cigarettes and 82.8% fo them had positive intention to stop smoking, on the other side 18.6% of subjects did not have any intention to stop smoking. 6. The proportion of subjects who tried to stop smoking was 67.9%. By characteristics, the rate of 67.9% in male, 27.3% in female, 90.9% in under nineteens, 73.6% in married group 69.4% in lower social class, 77.8% in high school graduated and 72.3% in Buddist was the higher than that of other groups. 7. The proportion of subjects who succeeded in quitting smoking was 12.0%. By characteristics, the rate of 40.2% in male, 34.8% in over 50 years old, 19.7% in married group, 15.4% in lower social class, 13.9% in apartment resident, 15.7% in high school graduate and 17.1% in Buddist was the higher than that of other group. 8. In the reason of quitting smoking, 81.0% of subjects had quitted smoking for health, 6.0% of them for religion and 13.0% of them for others. By characteristics, the rate of reason for health was 83.5% in male, 100.0% in age of forties, 84.6% in lower social class. 9. In the affecting factors of quitting smoking, 40.7% of subjects was influenced on family which was the highest, 29.6% of them on health education, 14.8% of them on friend's recommandation, 9.9% of them on medical doctor's advice and 4.9% of them on campaign. By age, twenties was affected by friend, thirties by health education and forties by family. 10. The most affecting independent variable of smoking was sexuality (β=0.42055), age(β=0.25285), drinking (β=0.15425), marital status and health condition(R²=44.8%). These results were shown that education program for quitting smoking especially emphasized injurious to health should be continued in the unit of family, school, office and society, particularly education program for female should be strengthened.

Suppression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-coactivator-1alpha normalizes the glucolipotoxicity-induced decreased BETA2/NeuroD gene transcription and improved glucose tolerance in diabetic rats.

Kim, Ji-Won,You, Young-Hye,Ham, Dong-Sik,Cho, Jae-Hyoung,Ko, Seung-Hyun,Song, Ki-Ho,Son, Ho-Young,Suh-Kim, Haeyoung,Lee, In-Kyu,Yoon, Kun-Ho Association for the Study of Internal Secretions 2009 Endocrinology Vol.150 No.9

<P>Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1alpha) is significantly elevated in the islets of animal models of diabetes. However, the molecular mechanism has not been clarified. We investigated whether the suppression of PGC-1alpha expression protects against beta-cell dysfunction in vivo and determined the mechanism of action of PGC-1alpha in beta-cells. The studies were performed in glucolipotixicity-induced primary rat islets and INS-1 cells. In vitro and in vivo approaches using adenoviruses were used to evaluate the role of PGC-1alpha in glucolipotoxicity-associated beta-cell dysfunction. The expression of PGC-1alpha in cultured beta-cells increased gradually with glucolipotoxicity. The overexpression of PGC-1alpha also suppressed the expression of the insulin and beta-cell E-box transcription factor (BETA2/NeuroD) genes, which was reversed by PGC-1alpha small interfering RNA (siRNA). BETA2/NeuroD, p300-enhanced BETA2/NeuroD, and insulin transcriptional activities were significantly suppressed by Ad-PGC-1alpha but were rescued by Ad-siPGC-1alpha. PGC-1alpha binding at the glucocorticoid receptor site on the BETA2/NeuroD promoter increased in the presence of PGC-1alpha. Ad-siPGC-1alpha injection through the celiac arteries of 90% pancreatectomized diabetic rats improved their glucose tolerance and maintained their fasting insulin levels. The suppression of PGC-1alpha expression protects the glucolipotoxicity-induced beta-cell dysfunction in vivo and in vitro. A better understanding of the functions of molecules such as PGC-1alpha, which play key roles in intracellular fuel regulation, could herald a new era of the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus by providing protection from glucolipotoxicity, which is an important cause of the development and progression of the disease.</P>