제주도의 주요 습지에 도래하는 도요·물떼새류의 현황

오홍식,임인추,김병수,김완병,박행신 경희대학교 한국조류연구소 2002 연구보고 Vol.8 No.1

본 연구는 제주도 주요 습지에 도래하는 도요ㆍ물떼새류의 지소적인 연구의 일환으로, 1998년 3월부터 2000년 2월까지 2년간 매월 2회씩, 1) 동부지역(하도리 양어장, 종달리 해안 및 성산포 양어장)과, 2)서부지역(용수리 저수지, 금등리 해안 및 대정읍 일과리 해안)으로 나누어 조사하였다. 조사기간 중 2개 지역에서 관찰된 도요ㆍ물떼새류는 총 45종 5,117개체였으며, 지역별로는 동부지역에서 40종 4,910개체, 서부지역에서 38종 927개체로 나타났다. 계절별로는 봄철 2,821개체, 가을철 1,229개체로 봄철에 도래하는 개체수가 가을철보다 많았다. 우점종은 제1차 조사기간인 봄철에는 민물도요 Calidris alpina 2,024개체(88.5%), 흰물떼새 Charadrius alexandrinus 84개체(3.7%), 흰목물떼새 Charadrius placidus 11개체(2.4%)의 순으로 나타났으며, 가을철에도 민물도요 384개체(82.9%), 흰물떼새 20개체(4.3%), 흰목물떼새 11개체(2.4%)의 순으로 나타났다. 제2차 조사기간에는 봄철에 좀도요 Calidria ruficollis 116개체(21.8%), 민물도요 67개체(12.6%), 청다리도요 Tringa nebularia 58개체(10.9%)의 순으로, 가을철에는 민물도요 191개체(24.9%), 노랑발도요 T. brevipes 156개체(20.4%), 삑삑도요 T. ochropus 104개체(13.6%)의 순으로 나타났다. 동부지역은 서부지역에 비하여 우점도는 높았으나, 종다양도와 균등도는 낮게 나타났다. 동부지역과 서부지역간의 유사도는 0.85였다. 본 연구를 통해 물꿩 Hydrophasianus chirurgus, 검은머리물떼새 Haematopus ostralegus, 바늘꼬리도요 Gallinago stenura, 흰꼬리좀도요 Calidrius temminckii 등 4종의 제주도 미기록종과, 검은머리물떼새, 흰목물떼새, 넓적부리도요 Eurynorhynchus pygmeus, 알락꼬리마도요 Numenius madagascariensis 등 3종의 환경부 지정 보호조류가 관찰되었다. This study was part of a continuous research project on the status of migrating shorebirds on major wetlands in Cheju Island. This study was conducted twice every month for two years, from March 1998 to February 2000. The investigated location are mainly two areas. The first census areas were Hado-ri fishfarm and the coast of Jongdal-ri in Kujaw-up and Sungsan-po fishfarm in Sungsan-up, all located in the eastern part of Cheju Island. The second census areas were Yongsu-ri reservoir and the coast of Kumdung-ri in Hangyoung-myon and the coast of Ilgwa-ri in Dejong-up, all located in the western part of Cheju Island. In total, 45 species consisting 5,117 individuals were observed during the census period. There were 40 species and 4,910 individuals in the eastern area, 38 species and 927 individuals in the western area. The number of individuals of shorebirds in the spring migratory season was greater than in the autumn. The dominant species researched during the first census period were 2,024 individuals of Calidrius alpina (88.5%), 84 individuals of Charadrius alexandrinus (3.7%), 59 individuals of Charadrius placidus (2.6%) in spring and 384 individuals of Calidrius alpina (82.9%), 20 individuals of Charadrius alexandrinus (4.3%), 11 individuals of Charadrius placidus (2.4%) in autumn. The dominant species researched during the second census period were 116 individuals of Calidrius ruficolis (21.8%), 67 individuals of Calidrius alpina (12.6%), 58 individuals of Tringa nebularia (10.9%) in spring and 191 individuals of Calidrius alpina (24.9%), 156 individuals of Tringa brebipes (20.4%), 104 individuals of Tringa ochropus (13.6%) in autumn. Dominance index were recorded better in the eastern area than the western area, but species diversity and evenness index were recorded lower in the eastern area than the western area. Similarity index were 0.85 between the eastern area and the western area. Hydrophasianus chirurgus, Haematopus ostralegus, Gallinago stenura and Calidrius temminuckii, which are observed during the census period are previously unrecorded species on Cheju Island. Rare and endangered species were observed such as Haematopus ostralegus, Charadrius placidus, Numenius madagascariensis, and Eurynorhynchus pygmeus.

한의진단명과 진단요건의 표준화 연구 III : 3차년도 연구결과 보고

최선미,양기상,최승훈,박경모,박종현,심범상,김성우,노석선,이인선,정진홍,이진용,김달래,임형호,김윤범,박성식,송태원,김종우,이승기,최윤정,신순식 한국한의학연구원 1997 한국한의학연구원논문집 Vol.3 No.1

The diagnostic requirements were suggested and explained regarding the systems of differentiation of symptoms and signs in the third year study of standardization and unification of the terms and conditions used for diagnosis in oriental medicine. The systems were as follows : - analyzing and differentiating of epidemic febrile disease - analyzing and differentiating in accordance with the Sasang constitution medicine based on four-type recognition - differentiation of disease according to pathological changes of Chong and Ren channels - standards for diagnosis of women's disease - standards for diagnosis of children's disease - standards for diagnosis of motor and sensor disturbance (-muscle. born, joint, etc.) - standards for diagnosis of neuropsychiatric disease - standards for diagnosis of five sense organ disease - standards for diagnosis of external disease The indivisual diagnosis pattern was arranged by the diagnostic requirements in the following order : another name, notion of diagnosis pattern, index of differentiation of symptoms and signs, the main point of diagnosis, analysis of diagnosis pattern, discrimination of diagnosis pattern, prognosis, a way of curing a disease, prescription, herbs in common use, disease appearing the diagnosis pattern, documents. The standards for diagnosis of each disease was arranged by the diagnostic requirements in the following order : another name, notion of disease, the main point of diagnosis, analyzing and differentiating of disease, analysis of disease, discrimination of disease, prognosis, a way of curing and prescription of disease, disease in western medicine appearing the disease in oriental medicine, documents.

The Implication of Cardiac Injury Score on In-hospital Mortality of Coronavirus Disease 2019

Kim In-Cheol,Song Jin Eun,Lee Hee Jung,Park Jeong-Ho,Hyun Miri,Lee Ji Yeon,Kim Hyun Ah,Kwon Yong Shik,Park Jae Seok,윤종찬,Hwang Jongmin,Lee Cheol Hyun,Cho Yun-Kyeong,Park Hyoung-Seob,Yoon Hyuck-Jun,Nam 대한의학회 2020 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.35 No.39

Backgrounds: The severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread worldwide. Cardiac injury after SARS-CoV-2 infection is a major concern. The present study investigated impact of the biomarkers indicating cardiac injury in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on patients' outcomes. Methods: This study enrolled patients who were confirmed to have COVID-19 and admitted at a tertiary university referral hospital between February 19, 2020 and March 15, 2020. Cardiac injury was defined as an abnormality in one of the following result markers: 1) myocardial damage marker (creatine kinase-MB or troponin-I), 2) heart failure marker (N-terminal-pro B-type natriuretic peptide), and 3) electrical abnormality marker (electrocardiography). The relationship between each cardiac injury marker and mortality was evaluated. Survival analysis of mortality according to the scoring by numbers of cardiac injury markers was also performed. Results: A total of 38 patients with COVID-19 were enrolled. Twenty-two patients (57.9%) had at least one of cardiac injury markers. The patients with cardiac injuries were older (69.6 ± 14.9 vs. 58.6 ± 13.9 years old, P = 0.026), and were more male (59.1% vs. 18.8%, P = 0.013). They showed lower initial oxygen saturation (92.8 vs. 97.1%, P = 0.002) and a trend toward higher mortality (27.3 vs. 6.3%, P = 0.099). The increased number of cardiac injury markers was significantly related to a higher incidence of in-hospital mortality which was also evidenced by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis (P = 0.008). Conclusion: The increased number of cardiac injury markers is related to in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19.

정상 성인에서 총콜레스테롤의 분별치와 관련 요인 : 전북지역 한 종합병원의 정기검진자를 중심으로

김지식,여영규,홍인선 THE KOREAN SOCIETY FOR BIOMEDICAL LABORATORY SCIEN 1996 Journal of biomedical laboratory sciences Vol.2 No.2

정상 성인에서 혈청 총 콜레스테롤의 분별치 및 관련된 제요인을 파악하기 위하여 1995년 3월부터 10월까지 8개월 동안 전주 예수병원에서 의료보험 피보험자와 피부양자를 대상으로한 정기 건강 검진을 받은 대상자 중 성별, 연령별, 혈압, 체중, 기타 생화학적 검사 결과를 분석하였으며, 이들 중 고혈압 등 질병이 없는 건강한 집단으로 1,818명을 분석하였다. 혈청 총 콜레스테롤의 분별치를 산정 하기 위한 75th percentile값을 보면, 21∼30세군에 191 mg/dl, 31∼40군에서 195 mg/dl, 41∼50세군에서 214 mg/dl, 51∼60세군에서 227 mg/dl, 그리고 61세 이상 군에서 222 mg/dl이었다. 90th percentile값을 보면, 21∼30세군에서 214 mg/dl, 31∼40군에서 214 mg/dl, 41∼50세군에서 239 mg/dl, 51∼60세군에서 253mg/dl, 그리고 61세 이상군에서 248 mg/dl 이었다. 혈청 총 콜레스테롤과 각 변수간의 상관관계는 연령과는 남.여 모두 유의한 관계를 보였고(p<0.001), 특히 여자에서 높은 상관성을 보였다. 비만지수인 PIBW, BMI와도 유의한 상관성을 보였고, 수축기혈압과 이완기혈압과도 관련성을 보였다. 대상자들의 흡연 여부와 혈청 총 콜레스테롤과의 관계는 흡연군이 191.6±35.0 mg/dl 이었고, 비흡연군이 194.9±35.9 mg/dl였으며 두 집단간에는 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 음주에 따른 혈청 총 콜레스테롤의 측정치는 비음주군에서는 196.0±36.0 mg/dl 이었고, 음주군에서는 188.9±34.5 mg/dl로 두 군간에는 유의한 차이를 보였다. 운동 습관과 혈청 총 콜레스테롤의 관계는 규칙적으로 운동을 하는 군은 192.1±33.3 mg/dl이었고, 운동을 하지 않는 군은 195.8±37.0 mg/dl였으며 두 군간에는 유의한 차이를 보였다. The cut-off values and related factors for total cholesterol of serum in normal Korean adults were studied from March to October, 1995, based on the data of 1,818 healthy adults of human involved the male and female. The comparisons of the serum total cholesterol levels were analyzed by sex, age, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, body weight, height, PIBW, BMI and other biochemical tests. 1. The serum total cholesterol level were 194.4 mg/dl in total group, 186.9 mg/dl for male, and 197.6 mg/dl for female. 2. There was no significant differences by sex among the 21 to 50 ages group, but significantly higher in women than in men over 51 years old. 3. In general, the levels of serum total cholesterol were increased with age, the highest level in men was 192.7 mg/dl in 51 to 60 years old, and 210.5 mg/dl in more than 60 years old in women. 4. The cut-off values of serum total cholesterol for moderate risk were 191 mg/dl in 21 to 30 years group, 195 mg/dl in 31 to 40 years, 214 mg/dl in 41 to 50 years, 227 mg/dl in 51 to 60 years, and 222 mg/dl in more than 61 years. The cut-off values of serum total cholesterol for high risk were 214 mg/dl in 21 to 30 years group, 214 mg/dl in 31 to 40 years, 239 mg/dl in 41 to 50 years, 253 mg/dl in 51 to 60 years, and 248 mg/dl in more than 61 years. 5. The mean values of serum total cholesterol were showed positive correlation with age, PIBW, BMI, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure. 6. Serum total cholesterol level of drinking group(188.9±34.5mg/dl) was showed lower than those of non-drinking group(196.0±36.0mg/dl). 7. Serum total cholesterol levels of regular excercise group(192. 1±33.3 mg/dl) was significantly lower than those of non regular excercise group(195.8± 37.0 mg/dl).

The Effect o f the Owner CEO on t he R elati on b etween CEO Compensati on and F i rm P erformance: Korean C ase

Yong Shik Kim,Sun A Kang,In shik Seol 사람과세계경영학회 2018 Global Business and Finance Review Vol.23 No.3

In the study, we examine whether the owner CEO affects the relation between CEO compensation and firm performance. There is a positive relation between CEO compensation and firm performance in general. More in-depth analysis shows, however, that such positive relation diminishes in the owner CEO firms, specifically when the CEO is the largest owner. Firm performance also improves as the level of CEO ownership increases in the non-owner CEO firms; no significant results are found in the owner CEO firms. We conclude that the convergence-of-interests effect dominates in the non-owner CEO firms, the entrenchment effect dominates in the largest CEO firms, and both the convergence-of-interests and the conflict-of-interest effects exist together in the family CEO firms.

한국인에서 혈소판 당단백 Ⅲa 유전자 다형성과 급성 관동맥 증후군의 관계

김광일,채인호,김효수,손대원,오병희,이명묵,박영배,최윤식,이영우 대한순환기학회 1998 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.28 No.5

제주도의 주요 습지에 도래하는 도요ㆍ물떼새류의 현황

김완병,오흥식,박행신,임인추 제주대학교 생명과학연구소 1999 제주생명과학연구 Vol.2 No.-

This study was part of a continuous research project on the status of waterbirds on major wetlands on Cheju Island. This study was researched twice each month for two years, from March 1997 to February 1999. In total, 29 species consisting of 4,887 individual birds were observed. The number of individuals of shorebirds was greater in the spring migratory season than in the autumn - in 1997, 131 birds in the spring, 104 birds in the autumn and in 1998, 2,453 birds in the spring, 635 birds in the autumn Pheasant-tailed Jacana, Eurasian Oystercatcher, Pintail Snipe and Temminck's Stint observed at the Hado-ri or Sungsan-po fishfarm are the first recordes on Cheju Island, Korea. Rare and endangered species were observed such as Eurasian Oystercatcher, Long-billed Plover, Far Eastern Curlew, and Spoon-billed Sandpiper. This survey area used for a suitable roosting and feeding place by many shorebirds. Thus, there is a need of critical plans for the conservation and management of shorebirds migrating in this area.

노인 환자에서 경피적 관동맥 중재술 후 조영제 유발 신부전의 발생률, 위험인자와 임상적 의의

김광일,배장환,강현재,채인호,김효수,손대원,김철호,오병희,이명묵,박영배,최윤식 대한노인병학회 2004 대한노인병학회지 Vol.8 No.1

多變量 分析에 의한 水質評價의 硏究 (Ⅰ)

金仁煥,李元植 대구보건대학 1991 대구보건대학 論文集 Vol.12 No.-

The results of multiple regression analysis for estimating water quality of the Nakdong river were as follows. The Nakdong river was divided up and downstream for this study are according to the station that the Kumbo river joins. 1. In upstream, the items that correlated highly with BOD_(5) were in the order of Cl^(-), COD, TKN, DO, electroconductivity, and for TKN were Cl^(-), BOD_(5), COD. All of these correlation coefficitent were over 0.4 respectively. 2. In upstream, the regression equation of BOD_(5), and TKN were as follows BOD_(5) = -0.29 + 0.21(COD) + 0.11(Cl^(-)) R = 0.8318 TKN = -0.57 - 1.09(NH₃-N) + 0.16(Cl^(-)) R = 0.8340 3. In downstream, the items that correlated highly with BOD_(5), were in the order of COD, PO₄-P, SS, E. Coli, VSS, and for TKN were SS, VSS, electroconductivity, Cl^(-). All of these correlation coefficients are over 0.4 respectively. 4. In downstream, the regression equation of BOD_(5), and TKN were as follows BOD_(5) = - 0.64 + 0.36(COD) + 39. 09(PO₄ - P) R = 0.8877 TKN= -0.98 + 0.20(SS) + 1.2 × 10^(-3)(Cond.) R = 0.7527 5. Because of the influent of sewage, BOD_(5), had high correlation with Cl^(-) in upstream, and as the influent of the Kumbo river increased SS of the Nakdong river, soluble BOD_(5), increased highly in downstream. As a result the influent of the Kumbo river affected the water quality pattern of the Nakdong river between in upstream and downstream.

IL-β의 인슐린 분비 자극효과와 그 과정에 관여하는 인자들

정인경,오승훈,강동묵,정재훈,민용기,이명식,이문규,김광원 대한당뇨병학회 2002 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.24 No.4

연구배경: IL­1β는 용량과 노출시간에 따라 인슐린분비에 대해 상반되는 효과를 가지고 있다. IL­1β의 인슐린 분비 억제효과는 제1혁명 당뇨병의 자가면역 기전과 관련되어 잘 알려져 있으나 인슐린 자극효과에 대해서는 아직 명백히 밝혀지지 않았다. 이에 저자 등은 IL­1β의 다양한 농도에 따라 백서의 췌도세포에서 인슐린 분비에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고, 그 기전으로 인슐린 생합성, iNOS의 발현, 칼슘통로의 활성도 변화여부를 알아보고자 하였다. 방법:200∼300g인 수컷 Sprague­Dawley 백서의 췌도를 변형된 Lacy&Kostianovsky's 방법으로 분리한 후 IL­1β의 다양한 농도(0, 0.5, 5, 50, 500pmol/L)에 2, 6, 24시간 노출시켜 췌도세포의 형태, 생존능을 관찰하고 인슐린 분비능 및 췌도세포내 인슐린 함량을 측정하였으며, 전전구 인슐린 mRNA발현, iNOS mRNA발현을 RT­PCR을 통해 확인하였고, 세포의 칼슘 통로 활성도 변화 여부를 측정하였다. 결과:1) IL­1β에 노출되 췌도의 생존능:2시간 노출시는 대조군과 차이가 없었으나, 6시간 고농도군과 24시간 모든 군에서 생존능이 감소되었다. 2)인슐린 분비능은 IL­1β를 2시간 5poml/L이상의 고농도와 6시간 0.5pmol/L 저농도 처리시 대조군에 비해 의미있게 증가하였으나, 6시간과 24시간 5poml/L이상의 고농도에서는 의미있게 인슐린의 분비가 억제 되었다. 3)췌도내 인슐린양의 변화는 IL­1β의 시간과 농도에 따라 배지내의 인슐린 변화와 비슷한 경향을 보였으나 통계학적으로 의미있는 차이는 없었다. 4)전전구인슐린의 mRNA발현은 2시간 50pmol/L이상 고농도의 IL­1β에서 의미있게 증가하였고, 6시간 처리군에서는 의미있는 차이는 없었으나, 24시간에서 IL­1β의 용량의존적으로 억제되었다. 5)iNOS mRNA는 IL­1β 처리 후 2시간부터 발현되기 시작하여, 6시간에 최고에 달한 후 24시간에는 점차 감소하였다. IL­1β의 처리시간과 무관하게 5poml/L이상의 고농도에서 용량에 따라 발현이 증가하였다. 6)칼슘통로 활성도는 IL­1β의 농도나 시간에 따라 유의한 차이가 없었다. 결론: IL­1β는 단시간 고용량이나 장기간 저용량에서 인슐린 분비와 생합성을 증가시키며, 이런 효과는 iNOS나 칼슘 통로 활성도 변화와는 무관한 것으로 생각된다. Background : The inhibitory effort of IL-1β on the insulin secretion has been validated in pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes, but complex results about the stimulatory effect of IL-1β have been reported. The aims of this study are to clarify the effects of IL-1βon insulin secretion of pancreatic islets and to investigate the mechanisms in terms of preproinsulin synthesis, inducible NOS expression, and calcium channel activity. Method : Islets were isolated from male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat by modified Lacy-Kostianovsky's method. After islets were treated with different concentrations (0, 0.5, 5, 50, 500 pmol/L) and exposure time (2, 6, 24 hours) of IL-1β, morphology, viability, static stimulation of insulin to glucose, insulin content, preproinsulin mRNA expression, iNOS mRNA expression and calcium channel activity were measured. Results : 1) Viability o islets was reduced in high concentrations of long term exposure of IL-1β. 2) Insulin secretion was stimulated in islets treated with 5, 50, and 500 pmol/L of IL-1β for 2 hours. 3) Insulin content was not significantly different regardless of concentration and exposure time of IL-1β. 4) Preproinsulin mRNA expression increased in islets treated with 50, 500 pmol/L of IL-1β for 2 hours. After 24 hours, it decreased in dose dependent manner. 5) iNOS mRNA expression was detectable after 2 hours in the presence of IL-1β, peaks at 6 hour and decreased after 24 hours. It was increased above 5 pmol/L of IL-1β in dose dependent manner. 6) Activities of the voltage-dependent Ca^2+ channels were not different among groups. Conclusion : IL-1β plays a positive role in terms of insulin secretion and insulin synthesis in high concentration of short term or low concentration of long term. These effects of IL-1β might be neither dependent of iNOS pathway nor Ca^2+ channel activity (J Kor Diabetes Asso 431~443, 2000).