Valuation of ecosystem services in the organic carbon of the Pinus densiflora forest at Mt. Namsan, Seoul Metropolitan City

Lee, Eung-Pill,Lee, Soo-In,Jeong, Heon-Mo,Han, Young-Sub,Lee, Seung-Yeon,Park, Jae-Hoon,Jang, Rae-Ha,Hong, Youg-Sik,Jung, Young-Ho,Kim, Eui-Joo,Lee, Sang-Hun,You, Young-Han The Ecological Society of Korea 2019 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.43 No.4

Background: Standing biomass, litter production, rate of litter decomposition, amount of litter on forest floor, and amount of soil organic carbon distribution were investigated from March 2016 to November 2018 in order to evaluate the ecosystem value through organic carbon distribution in the Pinus densiflora forest at Namsan, Seoul Metropolitan City. Results: The amount of organic carbon in the Pinus densiflora forest was 261.09 ton C ha^-1 during the research period, and fixed organic carbon in plant through net photosynthesis was 3.2 ton C ha^-1 year^-1. The organic carbon in plant was 62.77 ton C ha^-1 (24.04%), in litter on the forest floor was 3.65 ton C ha^-1 (1.40%), and in soil was 194.67 ton C ha^-1 (74.56%). The value of plant, litter on forest floor, and soil organic carbon distribution were each 6,277,000 won ha^-1, 365, 000 won ha^-1, and 19,467,000 won ha^-1. The value per ton of fixed organic carbon in plant through net photosynthesis was 320,000 won ha^-1 year^-1 and the value of ecosystem services stored in carbon in the Namsan forest ecosystem was about 26.1 million won ha^-1 for 3 years. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that the pine forests of Namsan rapidly decompose leaves due to the high atmospheric temperature and accumulate a large amount of organic carbon in the soil to provide climate control regulatory service function.

Preparation of Thermo-Responsive and Injectable Hydrogels Based on Hyaluronic Acid and Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) and Their Drug Release Behaviors

Ha Dong In,Lee Sang Bong,Chong Moo Sang,Lee Young Moo,Kim So Yeon,Park Young Hoon The Polymer Society of Korea 2006 Macromolecular Research Vol.14 No.1

Copolymers composed of hyaluronic acid (HA) and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) were prepared to create temperature-sensitive injectable gels for use in controlled drug delivery applications. Semi-telechelic PNIPAAm, with amino groups at the end of each main chain, was synthesized by radical polymerization using 2-aminoethanethiol hydrochloride (AESH) as the chain transfer agent, and was then grafted onto the carboxyl groups of HA using carbodiimide chemistry. The result of the thermo-optical analysis revealed that the phase transition of the PNIPAAm-grafted HA solution occurred at around 30$\∼$33$^{circ}C$. As the graft yield of PNIPAAm onto the HA backbone increased, the HA-g-PNIPAAm copolymer solution exhibited sharper phase transition. The short chain PNIPAAm-grafted HA ($M_{w}$=6,100) showed a narrower temperature range for optical turbidity changes than the long chain PNIPAAm-grafted HA ($M_{w}$=13,100). PNIPAAm-grafted HA exhibited an increase in viscosity above 35$^{circ}C$, thus allowing the gels to maintain their shape for 24 h after in vivo administration. From the in vitro riboflavin release study, the HA-g-PNIPAAm gel showed a more sustained release behavior when the grafting yield of PNIPAAm onto the HA backbone was increased. In addition, BSA released from the PNIPAAm-g-HA gels showed a maximum concentration in the blood 12 h after being injected into the dorsal surface of a rabbit, followed by a sustained release profile after 60 h.

북극 스발바드 군도 스피츠베르겐섬 콩스피요르드에서의 다환 방향족 탄화수소화합물의 분포 특성

김기범,하성용,안인영,최희선 한국환경과학회 2004 한국환경과학회지 Vol.13 No.9

In order to elucidate the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentration and its origin in arctic area, four arctic brown algae (Laminaria saccharina, L. digita, Alaria esculenta, Desmarestia aculeata), one marine invertebrate (Echinoidea) and sediments were collected from Kongsfjorden in Spitsbergen from the late July to early August. 2003. In case of macroalgae, the young blade part above growth point and the old stipes and blades beneath growth point were separated and analyzed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in an attempt to check the mechanism of uptake in macroalgae to accumulate PAN. There was no difference in PAH concentrations between sampling sites (Stations B and C), species. and blades beneath and above growth point. PAH concentrations in all samples collected in this study were relatively higher than those reported in other areas of arctic. Especially, station C, which is known as an unpolluted area, showed 10 times higher PAH concentration (8,765 ng/g) in sediment than station A (694 ng/g) around harbor. In addition high PAH concentration, station C had very higher proportion of methylated PAH to parent PAH in sediment than station A. Source analysis using PAH isomer pair ratios as indicators showed that Kongsfjorden area seemed to be relatively contaminated with PAH derived from direct petroleum input.

Comparison of Scapular Kinematics During Active Shoulder Horizontal Adduction Between Subjects With and Without Limited Range of Motion of Shoulder Horizontal Adduction

( Ha Na Joung ),( Moon Hwan Kim ),( In Cheol Jeon ),( Pt Ui Jae Hwang ),( Oh Yun Kwon ) 한국전문물리치료학회 2016 한국전문물리치료학회지 Vol.23 No.3

Background: Shoulder horizontal adduction (HA) is performed in many activities of daily living. The limited range of motion (LROM) of HA is affected by the tightness of the posterior deltoid, infraspinatus, teres major, and posterior capsule of glenohumeral joint. The LROM of shoulder HA contributes to excessive scapular abduction. Objects: The aim of this study is to compare the scapular abduction distance and three dimensional displacement of the scapula during shoulder horizontal adduction between subjects with and without the LROM of shoulder HA. Methods: 24 subjects (12 people in LROM group and 12 people in normal ROM group) participated. Subjects with less than 115° of HA ROM were included in LROM group. Shoulder HA was performed 3 times for measuring scapular abduction distance and three-dimensional displacement of the scapula. Tape measure was used for measuring scapular abduction distance. Scapular abduction distance was normalized by dividing the scapular size. Polhemus Liberty was used for measuring the three dimensional displacement of the scapula. Results: Normalized scapular abduction distance was significantly greater in LROM group than normal ROM group (p<.001). Three-dimensional displacement of the scapula during shoulder HA was greater in LROM group than normal ROM group (p<.05). Conclusion: LROM group had a greater scapular abduction and three-dimensional displacement of the scapula during shoulder HA compared to normal ROM group.

고형배지의 종류가 수경재배 멜론의 품종별 과실의 생육과 품질에 미치는 영향

전하준,황진규,김인규,손미자 대구대학교 생명과학연구소 2004 생명과학연구 Vol.3 No.1

In order to examine how growth substances influence to fruit growth and its quality, we cultivated 3 different kinds of melons which grown in hydroponic system into 3 different types of growth substances, such as perlite, perlite/rock wool and rock wool/perlite. In this experiment, “Siroi Kagayaki”, showed no significant difference in fruit weight and its diameter in any of growth substances, but higher in plant height in perlite/rock wool than Perlite. In case of “TS-1806”, there were no significant differences in soluble solids, fruit weight and diameter in all the substances. However, it showed longer in fruit length in rock wool / perlite than that in perlite/ rock wool. In addition, the soluble solids in placenta and flesh were higher in perlite than those in rock wool/perlite.

광고홍보 전공 대학생들의 현장 실습 경험에 관한 탐색적 연구

유인하(In Ha Yoo) 한국광고홍보학회 2014 한국광고홍보학보 Vol.16 No.2

본 연구는 광고홍보 전공 대학생들의 현장 실습 경험에 관한 탐색적 연구로서, 질적 분석을 통하여 개선방안을 모색하고자 하였다. 이러한 목적을 달성하기 위해 지방에 위치한 4년제 대학교 광고홍보 전공 3∼4학년을 대상으로 심층 인터뷰를 실시하였다. 연구결과를 요약하면, 첫째, 현장 실습에 참여하게 된 동기는 교수추천과 직접적인 참여가 많았으며, 기대감은 실무적인 이해와 실무 경험을 확인하고 싶어서, 그리고 실무의 노하우, 업무분위기, 진로선택 등의 다양한 실무에 대한 경험이었다. 둘째, 업무의 유형에서 실무자의 전문적인 지도는 만족하고 있으나, 업무관계상 극대화시킬 수 있는 체계적인 지도는 한계가 있었다. 또한 업무수행에 대한 역할은 명확한 구분이 없었으며, 대체적으로 단순하고 잡다한 업무를 수행하는 것으로 나타났다. 향후 현장 실습에 대한 프로그램이 시급히 개선되어야 할 것이다. 셋째, 실무적인 내용과 다양한 실무경험은 대체적으로 만족하였다. 넷째, 재학생들이 골고루 현장 실습을 경험할 수 있어야 하고, 업체와 학교 간의 산학협력 강화하며, 현장 실습을 실시하기 전에 업체특성과 업무역할을 명확하게 학생들에게 알려야 한다. 따라서 연구결과를 바탕으로 연구의 시사점을 검토했으며, 향후 현장 실습 프로그램을 개선하여 많은 경험과 기회가 제공되도록 해야 할 것이다. This research is an exploratory study on field training experiences of students majoring in advertising and public relations and was carried out to seek for improvement plans through a qualitative analysis. To accomplish this goal, in-depth interviews were conducted for juniors and seniors majoring in advertising and public relations of four-year local universities. In short, the study result is as follows; Firstly, many students found a motive to participate in field training from professor``s recommendation and spontaneous will. Students anticipated to understand and experience practical works and expect a variety of actual work experiences related to work knowhow, work atmosphere and career choice. Secondly, it is found that students were satisfied with professional instructions of hands-on workers but systematic guidance that can be maximized were limited in terms of types of work. In addition, roles for work implementation were not clearly distinguished and students generally conducted simple and miscellaneous works. It needs to be urgently improved for better field training programs in the future. Thirdly, students were generally satisfied with practical contents and a wide range of work experiences. Fourthly, opportunities for field training should be evenly distributed to students, the academic-industrial cooperation between companies and universities should be reinforced and students need to be clearly informed of characteristics of companies and work roles before field training. Therefore, the implications were reviewed based on the study result and field training programs should be improved to provide broad opportunities and experiences in the future.

산업재해 환자의 삶의 질, 자살사고 및 우울증상

김수인,연규월,하은희,우행원,김영철 大韓神經精神醫學會 2001 신경정신의학 Vol.40 No.3

연구목적 : 최근 산업재해(이하 산재) 및 교통사고 발생이 증가하면서 사고 후유증으로 치료받는 환자들이 늘어나고 있다. 산재를 포함한 각종 사고들은 환자의 신체적 상태를 변화시킬 뿐 아니라 이로 인한 사회적, 직업적, 경제적 문제들을 초래하게 되고 환자의 삶 전체를 변화시킬수 있다. 본 연구에서는 산재가 환자들에게 미치는 정신적 영향을 알아보기 위해 산재 환자들과 대조군에서 삶의 질, 자살사고 및 우울증상을 비교하였다. 방 법 : 연구대상은 1999년 12월 21일부터 12월 30일 사이에 경상남도 울산 마산·창원지역의 입원한 산재환자 169명이었고 정상 대조군은 울산의 공업단지 내 일반근로자 166명이었다. 평가군과 대조군 모두 남성이었고, 19세에서 60세였다. 모든 대상에서 일반 인구학적 특성, 삶의 질, 자살사고, 우울 증상을 평가하였고, 산재 환자군의 경우 사고일시, 사고원인, 치료기간, 손상부위를 추가로 조사하였다. 주관적 삶의 질은 한국판 스미스클라인 비챰 삶의 질척도로 평가하였고, 자살사고는 Beck의 자살사고(思考)척도로 평가하였으며, 우울증상은 PRIME-MD를 개선한 Patient Problem Questionaire의 우울증 척도로 평가하였다. 결 과 : 산재환자군과 대조군간 일반 인구학적 요인에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이 없었다. 산재환자군이 대조군에 비해 유의하게 낮은 삶의 질 척도 점수를 나타냈고, 유의하게 높은 자살사고와 우울증상을 나타냈다(p<.05). 산재환자군에서 연령, 결혼상태, 치료기간과 삶의 질 점수는 관련이 있었다. 30대 이상의 연령에서 유의하게 낮았고 10∼20대 연령에서 유의하게 높았으며, 미혼이거나 이혼, 별거중인 경우 유의하게 삶의 질 점수가 낮았고, 치료기간이 길수록 낮았다. 치료기간과 자살사고가 관련있었으며, 치료기간이 길수록 자살사고가 많았다. 산재환자군에서 손상부위에 따라 삶의 질 점수, 자살사고 점수와 우울증상이 유의한 관련이 있었다. 삶의 질 점수는 요추부 손상군에서 높았고, 경추부 손상군과 다발성 좌상환자군에서 낮았다(p<0.01). 자살사고 점수는 경추부손상군과 다발성 좌상 환자군에서 높았고, 요추부 손상군에서 낮았다(p<0.01). 연구 대상군에서 삶의 질 점수, 자살사고 점수, 우울증상간 유의한 상관관계가 있었다. 결 론 : 본 연구 결과 산재환자들은 일반 근로자들과 비교하였을 때 삶의 질이 낮다고 느끼고 있었으며, 주관적으로 우울감과 자살사고를 많이 나타냈다. 따라서 산재로 인한 우울 및 자살등의 증상을 예방하기 위해서는 조기 정신과적 치료 중재가 반드시 필요하다고 생각된다. Objective : As the occupational and traffic accidents are increased, patients who are treated for complications of accidents have been increased in recent years. Accidents including industrial injury affect the physical state of the patients and make social, vocational, and economic problems, so that they can affect the whole life of the patients. We performed this study to compare subjective evaluation of quality of life, depressive symptoms, and suicide ideation in both industrial injury patients and control subjects in order to know how industrial injury affect patients in psychiatric aspect. Method : The subjects were 169 inpatients who met the inclusion criteria of industrial injury patients and 166 healthy control subjects. All subjects were male and their age is from 19 to 60 years old. Demographic variables, quality of life, depressive symptom, suicide ideation were assessed in subjects. The types of injury and duration of treatment were assessed in patients. The quality of life was measured using the Korean version of SmithKline Beecham 'Quality of Life' Scale(KvSBQOL), and the suicide ideation was measured using the Scale for Suicide Ideation(SSI), and the depressive symptom was measured using the Dpression scale of Patient Problem Questionaire(PPQ) which were devised from Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorder(PRIME-MD). Results : 1) There were no significant differences in the general demographic variables between industrial injury patients and control subjects. 2)Scores of KvSBQOL were significantly lower, and SSI and Depression scale of PPQ were significantly higher in the industrial injury patients than control subjects(p<0.05). 3) In industrial injury patients, there was a correlation between the age and the scores of KvSBQOL(p<0.01). The scores of KvSQOL were lowest in older than 30's, highest in 10's-20's. No significant correlation was recognized between the age and the suicide ideation, the depressive symptoms. Threre was a correlation between the marital status and the scores of KvSBQOL(p<0.01). In unmarried, divorced or separated state, the scores of KvSBQOL were significantly lower than married state. There was a correlation between the the duration of treatment and the scores of KvSBQOL, the suicide ideation. As the duration of treatment was longer, the scores of KvSBQOL were significantly lower(p<0.01), and the scores of SSI were significantly higher(p<0.01). 4) In industrial injury patients, there was a significant correlation between the type of injury nd the scores of KvSBQOL, the suicide ideation, and the depressive symptoms. The scores of KvSBQOL were highest in the L-spine injury patients, lowest in the C-spine injury and multiple contusion patients(p<0.01). The scores of SSI were higher in the C-spine injury and multiple contusion patients, lowest in the L-spine injury patients(p<0.01). 5) In subjects, there was significant correlation between the scores of KvSBQOL, the scores of SSI, and the Depression scale of PPQ. Conclusion : Industrial injury patients feel bad about the quality of life and have more depression and suicide ideation. As a results, psychiatric intervention is needed for prevention of depression and suicide due to industrial injury.

Gagne´의 이론에 의한 전자기 학습과제의 분석

김인호,하을태 경상대학교 과학교육연구소 1996 科學敎育硏究所報 Vol.16 No.1

The purpose of this study was carried out to present the methodological idea for a subject matter education through inquiry into learning tasks of electromagnetics which as based on the Gagne''s intellectual skill theories that was logically and systematically classified according to student's intellectual abilities. The investigation and analysis for which were the objectives, paradigms, and activities of electromagnetics learning tasks in the course of middle and high school were carried out by using the several kinds of text books for students, guide books and printed materials for teachers in which were exsistingly published and used according to the current curriculum. The paradigm of subject which was organized in electromagnetics for middle school course was connected with the prerequisite learning that was learned in primary school. In this case, the paradigm was selected only basics and fundamental subjects without unessential. If that was so, learner could be recognized sufficiently the main frame of the paradigm of learning tasks in electromagnetics and was desirably able to study. This paradigm obtained was connected and continuated with the successive learning tasks in electromagnetics for high school course. The paradigm of learning tasks in electromagnetics unit for high school course was very essential lesson and fundamental domain for the instructional design in Physics. In this case, this paradigm had to be considered that one of precedence or higher-order concept learning to make the concepts of mid-high rank level learned in middle school into a rule-theoretical reformation. For the organization of paradigm, it would be very effective that the consideration and relationship were in the concerned subject matter with electromagnetics. In middle school course, the distribution of frequency for learning activity was presented similarly all of them which were in the discrimination, concrete concepts learning activity as a mid-level concepts learning activity among them was obviously presented a great deal of frequency. In the high school course, the frequency for learning activity in electromagnetics unit was largely distributed to the concrete concepts, defined concepts, and high-order rule learning activity as a mid-level and precedence concept level. Namely, a great deal of higher-order concepts learning activity was mainly treated in high school. The characterized diagram was shown as a trapezoid from which was composed of a long down-side as presented the concrete concepts and a short uper-side as also the higher-order concepts learning activity. The instructional design for the extention of the inquiry thinking power and intellectual skills in middle school would be required to understand about the discrimination-concrete concepts-defined concepts and rule concepts through the learning objectives, contents of learning tasks, and activity in mid-uper level. The instructional design and precedure of performance in electromagnetics unit learning in high school course would have to be organized by the learning with the concrete concepts-defined concept-rule in higher-order level. In this case, the strategies of teaching-learning would be emphasised that was logically and systematically constructed to comprehensive and generalization the plan of activity events.

만성육아 종성염증에서의 T-cell 그리고 B-cell의 분포에 관한 연구

장인성,양승하,강상균 순천향대학교 1994 논문집 Vol.17 No.2

Tuberculosis, leprosy, foreign body reaction, parasite, and fungal infection are chronic granulomatous inflammation forming granuloma within lesion. There are much studies for the mechanism of cell mediated immume reaction in tuberculosis and leprosy, but the study using immune peroxidase stain in paraffin embedded tissue is rare. This study was carried out to observe the distribution of T cell and B cell in chronic granulomatious inflammation, such as tuberculosis 21 cases, leprosy 9 cases, cysticercosis 7 cases, and foreign body reaction 8 cases. Fourthy five cases of above diseases obtained by excisional biposy were processed for immune enzyme histologic stain by Avidin-Biotin complex method using MT1 and MB2. The results obtained are following as : 1. Tuberculosis showed positive reaction of MT1 in all within and outer granuloma among 21 cases, and MB2 in 2 cases and 14 cases respectively. 2. In 9 cases of leprosy lepromatous type showed positive reaction of MT1 in all 5 cases and MB2 in each 2 cases within and outer granuloma, tuberculoid and borderline types showed posittive reaction of MT1 and MB2 in all 2 cases respectively. 3. Positive reaction of MT1 in 7 cases of cysticercosis, revealed 6 cases within granuloma and all cases outer one, MB2 in 5 cases and 6 cases respectively. 4. Positive reaction of MT1 in 8 cases of foreign body reaction disclose 5 cases within granuloma and 7 cases outer one, and MB2 in 3 cases and 4 cases respectively. The above results showed T cell is related to main immune protective mechanism in granulomatous inflammation, and B cell reveal only weak reaction.

친환경 주거단지개발을 위한 제도적 개선방안에 관한 연구 : 공동주택 재건축을 중심으로

어인준,김영하 대한건축학회 2005 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.21 No.2

Construction of high-rise housing has been increased focusing on the metropolis in Korea since late 1990's, and it is recently evaluated as an independent area in housing. However, it involves various problems legally and systematically because of the short history in high-rise housing, in spite of increase in interest and business related to it. It has been evaluated by many countries in the world that the development in high-rise housing efficiently uses a land and reorganizes townscape as well as it solves housing problems in overpopulated cities. The demand for high-rise housing is also increasing in Korea as well as the development of housing complex on a large scale. This research is to propose an active plan for environment-friendly apartment construction, which is desirable to the regional characteristics in terms of urban-architecture, by analyzing the effect of density limit in development and its characteristic through understanding problems in growth of cities caused by restraint of reconstruction, investigating on the low-building coverage ratio for activating reconstruction and the system in high~rise reconstruction, and researching on examples. Recently, housing environment in Korea is becoming higher, more complicated and larger. We need a plan for improvement in high-rise housing in terms of techniques, politics, economy and system complying with reconstruction by recognizing essential problems generated in the course of change in housing. In addition, it is estimated that the quality of living environment will be improved in architecture, cities and people living in there, if it is applied flexibly to the area having infrastructures such as roads, subways and public facilities. Therefore, we should establish the more realistic and applicable standard and prepare a basis for low-building coverage ratio and high in housing pattern such as eased setback regulation on roads and its adjacent area, right to daylighting, height and floor space index.