통조림용 가다랑어육의 식품성분

오광수,김정균,김인수,이응호,김복규 國立統營水産專門大學 附設 水産科學硏究所 1990 수산과학연구소보고 Vol.2 No.-

가다랑어 혈합육을 보다 효율적으로 이용하기 위한 일련의 기초연구로서, 가다랑어 혈합육의 지질성분, 함질소엑스분 및 구성아미노산 등을 보통 육과 함께 분석하여 비교, 검토하였다. 보통육은 혈합육에 비해 수분, 조단백질 함량은 약간 많은 반면, 조지방과 회분 함량은 혈합육이 약간 많았다. 휘발성염기질소량은 보토육이 22.7mg/100g, 혈합육이 46.9mg/100ㅎ으로 혈합육이 보통육에 비해 선도저하가 훨씬 빨랐다. 보통육과 혈합육의 총지질 조성은 각각 중성지질 79.7%, 71.9%, 당지질, 6.8%, 9.5%, 인지질13.5%, 18.6%로 이루어져 있었다. 중성지질의 성분은 free fatty acid ac triglyceride, 인지질은 phosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidyl, 인지질은 phosphatidyl choline이 주성분이었고, lysogud 인지질의축적도 확인되었다. 총지지르 중성, 당 및 인지질의 축적도 확인되었다. 종지질, 중성, 당 및 인지질의 지반산 조성에서 보통육은 16:0 및 18:1을 주체로 한 포화산 및 모노엔산의 조성비가 혈합육보다 높았으며, 혈합육은 폴리엔산, 특히 22:6의 비율이 월등히 높았다. 16:0. 18:0, 18:1, 20:5 및 22:6 등이 주요 구성지방산이었다. 유리아미노산의 조성은 총함량에서 보통육 쪽이 많았고, 보통육에는 histidine, 혈합육에는 tauring의 보통육에서는 680.9mg.100g 정도 전존해 있었으나, 혈합육에서는 IMP의 분해가 급속히 진행되어 73.1mg/100g에 지나지 않았다. TMAO 및 TMA는 보통육에 비해 혈합육에 휠씬 많이 함유되어 있었고, total creatinine은 보통육 쪽이 많았다. 구성아미노산의 조성은 양시료 간에 별차이가 없었고, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, lysine, leucine, alanine, isoleucine 및 arginine 등이 주요 구성아니노산이었다. The lipid components, nitrogenous extracts and amino acids of dark muscle(DM) of skipjack (Katsuwonus pelamis) were analyzed and compared with those of white muscle(WM). WM was higher in moisture and crude protein content, and lower in crude lipid and ash content than those of DM. Contents of volatile basic nitrogen in WM and DM were 22.7mg/100g and 46.9mg/100g. Total lipid(TL) of WM and DM consisted of 79.7%, 71.9% neutral lipid(NL), 6.8%, 9.5% glycolipid(GL), and 13.5%, 18.6% phospholipid(PL), respectively. NL was mainly composed of free fatty acid, triglyceride, and PL was mainly occupied by phosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidyl choline. Also lysophosphatidyl choline and lysophosphatidyl ethanolamine were identified in PL. In fatty acid composition of TL, NL, GL and PL, WM revealed higher contents in saturates and monoenes such as 16 : 0, 18 : 1, while DM showed higher contents in polyenes such as 22 : 6 especially. The major fatty acids of these samples were generally 16 : 0, 18 : 0, 18 : 1, 20 : 5 and 22 : 6. Contents of total free amino acids from WM and DM were 5,982.3mg/100g and 4,450.7mg/100g (dry base). Of free amino acids, Tau concentration was much higher in DM than in WM, Ala, Gly, Met, Arg, Thr were also high in DM. But His was much higher in concentration in WM. Content of inosinic acid(IMP) in WM(680.9mg/100g) was higher than that of DM(73.1mg/100g). The degradations of IMP proceeded very rapidly in DM. DM contained much higher trimethylamine oxide and trimethylamine than those of WM. The profile of combined amino acids in these samples were very similar, and main amino acids were Glu, Asp, Lys, Ala, Ile and Arg.

레토르트 살균처리가 적색육 및 백색육 어류의 성분변화에 미치는 영향 : 2. 지질성분의 변화 2. Changes in Lipid Components

오광수,김정균,김인수,이응호 國立統營水産專門大學 附設 水産科學硏究所 1993 수산과학연구소보고 Vol.4 No.-

전보에 이어 어육을 원료로 하여 보다 품질이 우수한 고온가열처리 식품을 개발하기 위한 기초 자료를 얻을 목적으로, 시료 어육을 121.1℃에서 Fo값을 5, 10, 20으로 달리하여 가열처리 했을 때 지질성분의 변화에 미치는 영향에 대하여 비교, 검토하였다. 시료 가다랑어육 및 명태육의 TBA값과 과산화물값은 가열처리에 따라 현저히 감소하였고, 감소폭은 가다랑어육 쪽이 컸다. 카르보닐값은 가열처리 중 가다랑어육은 감소하는 반면, 명태육은 증가하였다. 색조는 양 시료 모두 가열처리 정도가 커질수록 육색이 진해졌으며, 특히 가다랑어육에서 갈변진행이 현저하였다. 지질성분은 가다랑어육에는 NL의 함량이 많았고, 명태는 PL의 함량이 많았다. 98℃의 열처리에서는 양 시료 모두 NL과 PL의 조성비에 변화가 거의 없었으나, 121.1℃ 열처리에서는 Fo값 증가할수록 NL의 조성비는 높아지고 PL의 조성비는 낮아지는 경향을 나타내었다. TL, NL 및 PL의 지방 산조성은 98℃ 열처리에서는 양 시료 모두 조성비의 변화가 거의 없었으나, 121.1℃ 열처리에서는 Fo값이 증가할수록 폴리엔산의 조성비가 점차 감소했으며,특히 22:6의 감소폭이 컸다. 반면,포화산 및 모노엔산의 조성비는 증가하였다. 지방산 조성의 변화폭은 명태육 쪽이 가다랑어육에 비해 다소 컸다. Fo 20의 열처리에서 TL의 고도불포화지방산의 잔존율은 생시료에 비해 가다랑어육이 73%, 명태육이 65%였다. In present paper, we investigated the changes in lipid components of skipjack and Alaska pollack meat by thermal processing at high temperature. TBA values and peroxide values of both fish meats decreased markedly by heat treatment: decreasing range of TBA and peroxide values in skipjack meat was larger than those of Alaska pollack meat. Also carbonyl value of skipjack meat was decreased by thermal processing, contrary, that of Alaska pollack meat was increased. Total lipid(TL) of skipjack and Alaska pollack meat consisted of 61.9% , 49.6% non-polar lipid(NL), 38.1% , 50.4% polar lipid(PL), respectively. When the samples were heated at the Fo values of 5 or higher, contents of NL were increased, while that of PL were decreased. In fatty acid composition of NL and PL in both fishes, NL revealed higher contents in saturates and monoenes such as 16:0, 18:1, while PL showed higher contents in polyenes such as 20:5, 22:6; percentages of polyenes such as 22:6 especial1y in both fishes decreased with increasing of Fo values. The remaining ratio of PUFA(20:5+22:6/16:0) of Fo 20 samples in skipjack and Alaska pollack meat were 73% and 65% , respectively. However, when the samples were heated at 98℃ for 30 minutes, no appreciable changes occured in fatty acid composition of TL, NL and PL in both fish meats examined.

유산구균 1370의 수용성 글루캔 형성에 영향을 미치는 인자

오인근,양규호,오종석 전남대학교 치과대학 2000 전남치대논문집 Vol.12 No.1

The water-soluble glucan prodeced by Lactococcus lactis 1370 affects the formation of dental plaque by Streptococcus mutans. In this study the factors affecting the formation of water-soluble glucan were assessed as the optical density of culture supernatant of Lactococcus lactis 1370 in the spectrophotometer. 1. The optical density of culture supernatant was high when Lactococcus lactis 1370 was cultured in M17 broth with 5% sucrose, while being low in culture supernatant of Streptococcus mutans. 2. The optical density of culture supernatant was higher when Lactococcus lactis 1370 was cultured in M17 broth with 10% sucrose than when being cultured without sucrose (p<0.05), and was higher at pH 7 than pH 5 (p<0.05). 3. The optical density of culture supernatant was the highest at 37℃ among 32℃, 37℃ and 42℃, and was higher in the anaerobic incubator than in the aerobic incubator (p<0.05). 4. The optical density of culture supernatant was the highest in the media containing 1.0mM CaCl2 (p<0.05), 2.5mM KCl (p<0.05), and 1.6 mM MgCl2. 5. When Streptococcus mutans was cultured in the media containing a quarter culture supernatant of Lactococcus lactis 1370 grown in M17 broth, the mean weight of produced artificial plaque was 103.0 mg on the wire, whereas being significantly reduced to 5.6mg in the media containing a quarter culture supernatant of Lactococcus lactis 1370 grown in M17 broth containing 5% sucrose (p<0.05). These results indicate that the water-soluble glucan is more formed by Lactococcus lactis 1370 in the media containing sucrose or under the adequate conditions for the growth of bacteria, and inhibits the formation of artificial plaque by Streptococcus mutans.

酪農經營實態에 關한 調査硏究 : 全南 東部地域을 中心으로 In the eastern area in Cheonnam province

裵仁烋,趙聖均 順天大學校 1983 論文集 Vol.2 No.1

1982年 7月 15日부터 9月 30日까지 75日間 全南 東部地域內 87個 乳牛飼育農家中 56個의 農家를 對象으로 經營主의 一般的인 事項·牧場實態·飼養管理·經營成果· 및 基他 酪農用土地保有現況·經營記錄實態를 調査 分析하였던 바 그 結果를 要約하면 다음과 같다. 1. 經營主의 年齡에 있어서는 41세 以上인 農家가 33戶(58.9%)였고, 學歷은 高卒以上이 27戶(48.2%)였으며, 酪農經營經歷에 있어서는 6年 以上의 經歷을 지닌 農家가 26戶(46.4%) 였고, 經營類型으로 보아 專業農家는 17戶(30.4%)였다. 2. 對象農家의 立地條件에서는 40戶(71.4%)가 山地帶에 位置하고 있었고, 農家에서 集乳道路까지의 거리에 있어서는 2㎞ 以上인 農家가 21戶(36.4%)였으며, 戶當 平均 飼育頭數는 成牛로 換算하여 9.0頭였다. 牛舍 面積은 成牛換算頭當 平均 13.97㎡였고 搾乳機 및 耕耘機의 保有台數는 戶當 平均 1.1台, 0,8台였다. 3. 調査對象農家의 搾乳牛頭當 1日 平均 濃厚飼料給與量은 8.7㎏이었고, 組飼料의 給與量은 5.12㎏(乾物量)였으며, 搾乳牛頭當 1日 平均 産乳量은 15.4㎏(節圍 12.0∼21.0㎏)이었고, 對象農家의 乳飼比는 平均値에 있어서 35.4%였다. 4. 酪農用土地面積은 戶當 平均 9,983.0㎡(約 1.0㏊), 成牛換算頭當 平均 1,107.5㎡(約 0.11㏊)였으며, 經營記錄에 있어서는 현금 출납부를 記錄하는 農家가 48.2%, 搾乳量을 記錄하는 農家는 39.3%, 繁殖記錄을 하는 農家는 46.4%였다. A survey of dairy farms in the eastern area of Cheonnam province was undertaken from Jul.15 to Sep. 30 in 1982. 56 dairy farms were surveyed for age, school career, dairy farming career of dairymen, type of farming, condition of location, distance degree from farms to the local roads, herd size, farm equipments, type of feeding and management, milk yield and milk feed ratio, land area and dairy management records. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. In the age of dairymen, 33 farms(58.9%) were over 41 years old, and 27 dairymen(48.2%) were graduated from high school, college and university, and 26 farms (46.4%) were over 6 year in the dairy farming career, and in the type of farming, 17 farms(30.4%) were operated in the type of full-time farm-house hold farming. 2. In the condition of location, 40 farms(71.4%) were located in the mountainous district, and in the distance degree from farms to the local roads, 21 farms(37.5%) were located over 2km. The average herd size was 9.0 heads by animal unit, the nos. of milker and hand tractor were 1.1, 0.8 per farm, respectively. 3. The average amount of concentrate feeding per milking cow per day was 8.7kg, the average of roughage feeding was 5.12kg(dry matter). The average milk yield per milking cow per day was 15.4kg(range 12.0∼21.0kg) and the average milk feed ratio was 35.4%. 4. The average land area per farm and per head by animal unit were 9,983.0㎡(about 1.0ha) and 1,107.5㎡(about 0.11ha) respectively and in the dairy management record, 48.2% had the cash book, 39.3% had the milk production record, 46.4% had the breeding record.

Benzodiazepinone과 1,5-Benzodiazepine 유도체의 합성 연구

정대일,이용균,박유미,최태원,정일수,김인식,김윤영 東亞大學校 1997 東亞論叢 Vol.34 No.-

The reaction of o-phenylenediamine 5 with acrylic acid 11 in the presencce of P₂O5+H₃PO₄afforded benzodiazepinone 13 and pyridobenzodiazepinono 17. The reactions of o-phenylenediamine 5 with acrylic acid 11 in the presence of PPA or SiO₂afforded only benzodiazepinone 13. But the reaction of O-phenylenediamine 5 with acrylic acid 11 in the presence of acetonedicarboxylic acid 18 or acetonedicarboxylic acid 18 and PPA or acetonedicarboxylic acid 18 and SiO₂was respectively synthesized 2,4,4,-trimethyI-3H-5-hydro-1.5-benzodi-azepine 23 as new cyclic imine compound. We propose that formation of 2-(2`-imine)propyI-N-isopropylidene aniline proceed though 2-amino, N-isopropylidene aniline intermediate C and 2-(N-a-methylethyI) amino, N-isopropylidene aniline intermediate G. The reaction of o-phenylenediamine 5 with acetonedicarboxylic acid 18 in the presence of PPA or SiO₂or HCI gave 2,4,4-trimethyI-3H-5-hydro-1,5-benzodiazepine 23. Using acetone 19 instead of acetonedicarboxylic acid 18, the reaction of o-phenylenediamine 5 in the presence of PPA or SiO₂or acrylic acid 11 was synthesized 2,4,4-trimethyI-3H-5-hydro-1,5-benzodiazepine 23 as same product. And also the reaction of o-phenylenediamine 5 with acetone 19 and acrylic 11 in the presence of PPA or SiO₂was obtained 2,4,4-trimethyI-3H-5-hydro-1,5-benzodiazepine 23. In case of acetophenone 21 in stead of acceton 19, the reaction of o-phenylenediamine 5 in presence of PPA or SiO₂at 40~45℃ were obtained 2,4-diphenyI-4methyI-3H-5-hydro-1,5-benzodiazepine 24. The reaction of o-phenylenediamine 5 with crotonic acid 25 in the presence of PPA or P₂O5+H₃PO₄or SiO₂at 100~110℃ afforded respectively 4-methybenzodiazepinone 26 as 1:1 cycloadduct.

원문 : 좌업 시간과 알코올 섭취가 30대 남자 사무직 근로자의 혈압과 혈관탄성에 미치는 영향

조봉오 ( Bong Oh Cho ),이인녕 ( In Yeong Lee ),정균근 ( Gyun Geun Jeong ),장창현 ( Chang Hyun Jang ) 한국운동생리학회(구 한국운동과학회) 2014 운동과학 Vol.23 No.3

조봉오, 이인녕, 정균근, 장창현. 좌업 시간과 알코올 섭취가 30대 남자 사무직 근로자의 혈압과 혈관탄성에 미치는 영향. 운동과학, 제23권 3호, 241-248, 2014. 본 연구의 목적은 일과 중 대부분을 좌업근무 형태로 업무를 수행하고, 스트레스로 인해 음주가 잦고, 운동이 부족한 30대 남자 사무직 음주자 15명을 대상으로 좌업 시간과 알코올 섭취가 혈압과 혈관탄성에 미치는 영향을 분석하여 사무직 근로자에게 건강관리에 필요한 정보를 제공하는데 있다. S대학 운동 생리학 실험실에서 사전 인적 사항과 설문을 작성하고, 신장, 체중, 채혈, 혈압, 혈관탄성, BMI를 측정하였다. 알코올 섭취 횟수, 섭취량, 좌업 시간, 그리고 음주 섭취 전과 후 및 시간대별 (10분, 40분, 60분) 혈압과 혈관탄성의 변화를 측정 분석한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1) 평균 좌업시간이 9.87시간, 음주횟수 및 음주량은 월 평균 9.13회와 12.47잔 이였다. 2) 알코올 섭취횟수 및 섭취량에 따른 BMI, TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, 혈압과 혈관탄성 비교에서 알코올 섭취횟수에서 좌상지 혈관탄성은 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 나타냈다(p<.05). 3) 알코올 섭취 전, 후 비교 분석 결과 우상지와 좌상지의 혈관탄성에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타났다(p<.05). 4) 알코올 섭취 후 시간대별 우상지 혈관탄성은 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 나타냈다(p<.05). 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때, 좌업 시간이 혈압과 혈관탄성에 미치는 영향은 통계적으로 유의하게 나타나지 않았고, 알코올 섭취는 혈관탄성에 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 나타냄을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 이는 직장생활의 스트레스를 음주로 해소하는 경향이 있음을 보여주며 건강에 부정적인 영향을 주고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 또한, 신체가 음주에 적응되어 실험 시 섭취한 적은 양(1/2병)은 1회 12.47잔에 비해 혈압과 혈관탄성에 큰 영향을 미치지 못한 것으로 사료된다. Cho, Bong-Oh, Lee, In-Yeong, Jeong, Gyun-Geun, Jang, Chang-Hyun. Effects of Sedentary Occupation Time and Alcohol Intake on Blood Pressure and Vascular Compliance in 30s Male White-Collar Workers. Exercise Science, 23(3): 241-248. 2014. The purpose of this study was to examine effects of duration of sedentary office work and alcohol intake on blood pressure and vascular compliance in male subjects who were office workers aged between 30 to 39 and frequently drink alcoholic beverages to cope with their stress without exercising for health. The study was to provide health-related information necessary for white-collar workers. We collected data of demographic information, height, weight, blood sample, blood pressure, vascular compliance, and BMI from 15 subjects in S University`s Exercise Physiology Laboratory, and analyzed the frequency and amount of alcohol intake, duration of sedentary work, and changes in blood pressure and vascular compliance at diffident time points (10, 40, and 60 minutes post drinking) from baseline. I t was found that the average time of sedentary work was 9.87 hours, drinking 9.13 times a month on average, 12.47 glasses of alcohol beverages per drink. In comparison of BMI, TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, blood pressure and vascular compliance upon the frequency and amount of alcohol intake, the upper left limb`s vascular compliance had a statistically significant difference (p<.05). In the result of the comparative analysis of pre-and post-drinking, vascular compliance was significantly different in the upper right and left limbs (p<.05). Vascular compliance in the upper right limb after drinking significantly changed (p<.05). As a result, the duration of sedentary work had no statistically significant difference in blood pressure and vascular compliance. T he vascular compliance after drinking h ad a statistically significant difference. This suggested that the result was an index that shows the trend of the office workers releasing their work stress by drinking alcoholic beverages, and that drinking had negative impacts on them. In addition, a small amount of intake (a half bottle) at the test time, after the body was adjusted to drinking, compared with 12.47 glasses per intake, had no great impacts on blood pressure and vascular compliance.

Fusobacterium nucleatum의 유황화합물 생성에 영향을 미치는 인자

오인근,박은혜,양규호,오종석 전남대학교 치의학연구소 2003 구강과학 Vol.15 No.1

Fusobacterium nucleatum, one of the bacteria causing halitosis, produces the volatile sulfur compounds (VSC) such as H2S in the media containing sulfur components, and forms FeS by binding with iron component. The various factors of oral cavity affect the concentration of sulfur compounds produced by Fusobacterium nucleatum. In this study, the effect of nutrients and pH on the production of sulfur compounds by Fusobacterium nucleatum was studied with the following results; 1. The optical density of broth was increased to 0.817±0.032 and 1.297±0.024 by adding 1.0% sodium thiosulfate and 0.05% L-cysteine hydrochloride in the media, respectively. 2. Though the optical density of broth was 0.799 ± 0.032 by adding volatile sulfur compounds (VSC) only in the media, it was increased to 1.775±0.003 and 1.648±0.022 by adding xylitol combined with glucose and fructose, respectively. 3. The concentration of VSC was above 20,000 ppb in the media above pH 5.5. The optical density of broth was still high in the media with L-cysteine hydrochloride of higher concentration, being low in the media of lower pH. 4. The concentration of VSC was high when there was distilled water or saline solution on the media, and their amount was small. These results suggest that the production of sulfur compounds by Fusobacterium nucleatum is inhibited by xylitol and acid.

Functional dissection of astrocyte-secreted proteins: Implications in brain health and diseases

Jha, Mithilesh Kumar,Kim, Jong-Heon,Song, Gyun Jee,Lee, Won-Ha,Lee, In-Kyu,Lee, Ho-Won,An, Seong Soo A.,Kim, SangYun,Suk, Kyoungho Elsevier 2018 Progress in neurobiology Vol.162 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Astrocytes, which are homeostatic cells of the central nervous system (CNS), display remarkable heterogeneity in their morphology and function. Besides their physical and metabolic support to neurons, astrocytes modulate the blood-brain barrier, regulate CNS synaptogenesis, guide axon pathfinding, maintain brain homeostasis, affect neuronal development and plasticity, and contribute to diverse neuropathologies via secreted proteins. The identification of astrocytic proteome and secretome profiles has provided new insights into the maintenance of neuronal health and survival, the pathogenesis of brain injury, and neurodegeneration. Recent advances in proteomics research have provided an excellent catalog of astrocyte-secreted proteins. This review categorizes astrocyte-secreted proteins and discusses evidence that astrocytes play a crucial role in neuronal activity and brain function. An in-depth understanding of astrocyte-secreted proteins and their pathways is pivotal for the development of novel strategies for restoring brain homeostasis, limiting brain injury/inflammation, counteracting neurodegeneration, and obtaining functional recovery.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Astrocytes are important regulators of brain functions, and crucial functions are executed via astrocyte-secreted proteins. </LI> <LI> Astrocyte-secreted proteins play key roles in physiological processes and execute both detrimental and beneficial actions in CNS disorders. </LI> <LI> Understanding the many functions of astrocyte-secreted proteins under specific spatiotemporal conditions may lead to major advancements in astrocyte biology. </LI> <LI> Functional dissection of astrocyte-secreted proteins can facilitate the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for neurological disorders. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

로자탄 대 포시노프릴의 고혈압 환자들에서 항고혈압 효과, 안전성 및 내약성의 비교

박대균,이명묵,채인호,이무용,이홍자,김효수,김철호,손대원,오병희,박영배,최윤식 대한순환기학회 1998 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.28 No.1

大邱市民의 牛乳消費實態와 仁識度

朴恒均,張仁浩,權海秉,金永洪 경북대학교 교육대학원 1977 논문집 Vol.9 No.-

This survey is for getting references to establish a plan for increasing milk demands and the improvement of dairy hygiene by studing the amount of milk consumption, tendency of milk consumers and the recognition of milk in Daegu City. One hundred eighteen thousand and three hundred seventy four homes of pupils who are attending the elementary school in Daegu-City were surveyed for milk consumed or not and 1,280 homes consumed milk and 1,561 homes, non-drinking milk were studied from September 28, 1977 to October 10, 1977 as follows: 1) The annual consumption of milk is 11,497M/T, 4.65% of 247,000M/T national milk production. And dairy cattles fed in Daegu area are 4,752, 4.13% of 115,000 heads fed in Korea. 2) Daily consumption milk is 31,000㎏ and a shortage of 5,000㎏ arose in the summer while there was a 8,000-9,000㎏ over abundance in the winter. 3) Home delivered milk for 118,374 homes that have pupils was 10,560, 8.92%. 4) According to monthly income, 29.7% of 1,280 homes delivered milk was less than 100,000 Won for monthly earnings, and 43.7% for 1,561 homes not delivered milk was less than 1000,000Won for monthly earnings. The number of homes that were not delivered milk was two times as much as home consumed milk. 5) Depending on housewife's school career, middle school graduates were 33.0%, high school 66.9% while among homes that had not consumed milk, 46.37% housewife attended middle school and 49.6% high school. 6) If the price is lower than now, homes requiring more milk was 84.6% but childrens high school year. And if it was low price, 88.4% homes wanted to begin drinking milk, 35.43% by their children's high school year. This indicates that an increasing number of homes required milk. 7) The consumption of 2 bottles (360㎖) or more per homes is 79.69% and one bottle (180㎖) per home is 20.31%. 8) Homs delivered for one year more were 75.7% and less than one year 34.6%. 9) Delivered milk placed in refrigerators was 69% and others 31.4%. People who drank cold milk was 81.56% and hot milk were 18.44% 10) Milk price delivered was: A high of 45.94% and a low of 2.97% and a reasonable 51.09%. 11) The reasons for drinking milk were: Weakened body 49.6%, taste 18.04%, and instead of a rice meal 31.02%. 12) The physical effects after drinking were: Good 65.47%, bad 0.5%. 13) Homes which liked to have delivered milk in the morning were 85.31% and daily 97.19%. 14) Milk quality was: Good 27.89% and normal or of poor grade 72.8%. 15) Milk delivery systems were: Good 65.31% and not good 29.65%. 16) The mainreason for not drinking milk taste 20.88%, Yogurt used instead 20.50%, and powdered milk used instead 22.74%, and unwholesome milk 16.02%.