35세 이하에서의 결장 및 직장암 환자에 대한 임상적 고찰

송인철,윤충,이행철,이양삼 대한대장항문학회 1996 Annals of Coloproctolgy Vol.12 No.3

셰익스피어의 韓國受容 略史

吳仁哲 조선대학교 외국문화연구소 1987 外國文化硏究 Vol.10 No.1

In the history of Korean modern literature and art, new Korean cultural traditions could have been formed land developed under foreign influences. In order to make modern Korean literary history more systematic it is necessary to research the comparative approaches of Korean literature with European literature which influenced Korean literature covertly and overtly. In particular, among the western countries the developed countries literatures-England, German, France, America and so forth-had absolute influence on Korean literature. For instance, in the case of Korean new drama, Korean drama began to receive the western dramas in the course of decaying Korean classical Chang-plays by forces of Japanese New-school plays. The study of Korean acceptance of the western drama is to investigate the history of modern drama and to examine its quality and quantity. Meanwhile, because it is important to determine how Shakespeare, who contributed much to the development of drama world-wide, influenced Korea and how Shakespearean drama played a fundamental role in Korean dramas, they, too, were surveyed. In particular, because Shakespeare has had wide influence on Korean liberal education, literature and Korean dramaturgy as well as the world of Korean works, it is very remarkable to survey the concrete flow, and accentance process and influential relations. This is a study investigating the background of the Korean modern spirit. Strictly speaking, the history of modern Korean literature and art is not yet well enough arranged. Especially, these studies are not sufficient in the view of comparative literary approaches. There is a book written by Kim Byungcheol-'A study on the history of Korean modern translated literature'-but it is said that me merely arranged those materials into his book. Therefore, in the present situation it is urgent to have more concre te and profund studies in terms of important authors and countries. This dissertation intends to materially systemize the history of accepting Shakespeare from the point of view of comparative literary approaches. This dissertation adapts comparative approaches and actual proof approaches of Korean drama and drama world-wide synchronically. The reason is that it is necessary to the historical approaches as this study is to establish the history of modern Korean drama, and further the history of modern Korean literary art. Owing to the lack of existing studies in this field, it is essential to arrange the related materials in detail and to adapt the actual proof approaches of it. This study aims primarily to arrange the history of accepting Shakespeare in the above mentioned respects with explication. Furthermore, this is an attempt to look for how Shakespeare has influenced and improved the development of modern Korean drama and also how be has been influential in determining what direction Korean drama would take. Ultimately this dissertation is to contribute to the establishment of the history of Korean drama. It was just the age of englightenment and the sprouting periods in new civilization when William Shakespeare, the English dramatist, was introduced into korea for the first time. At that time, with a name that looked so strange to the korean people, Shakespeare seemed to be not a person as dramatist, but the greatest man that ever lived among the great names of history. Therefore, even his works were introduced only partially, not as a whole. Owing to these reasons, it became known for the first time after the 1919 samil Independence Movement by korean students studying in Tokyo that Shakespeare was a famo is dramatist of England. That is all very well, but, just after the Samil Movement the whole aspect of Shakespeare did not throw any light uopn Korean people. Korean students studying in Japan, who read several works of shakespeare's were interested in him and a few young literary enthusiasts versed in Chinese classics began to introduce him little by little Korea. Such a way of introducing Shakespeare has continued until it became a turniug point in modern Korean history at the time of the 1945 Liberation of Korea. For this neason, Shakespeare was quite alien to Korean people and only several of his plays were introduced with difficulty. In iact, if Shakespeare were on intimate terms with the people, it could be possible through the stage in the theatre. By the time when korean Liberation came, there was no theatrical company to digest and perform the plays of Shakespeare. This is why Shakespeare didn't take root deeply in Korea. But, after the Korean war of 1950~1953, the state of affairs was changed in a hurry. The korean war offered an oppertunity to accept European culture into Korea at first hand, and with the sudden development of colleges, Shakespeare, who can't be expelled from the western culture, came to this land without compulsion. Shakespeare became a compulsory subject in the university curriculum and professors belonging to the department of English literature had to write theses about Shakespeare. Furthermore, theatrical companies ususlly performed Shakespeare's plays regarding those abilities as the moment of making their substance stronger with the feeling for their sense of duty. Finally, they thought that a good theatrical company was able to perform Shakespeare's plays for the sake of winning publio recognition. From the starting point of the Korean war, so much like this, the situation was changed for the better so far as Shakespeare at least was concerned. For instance, as to studying Shakespeare, since the days of Choe Jae-seo, the Shakespearean of the 1950s, lots of theses were given every year, and all the works of Shakespeare had been translated by the scholars who majored in English literature. It is said that Shakespeare's works are on the list of good books, so most of the educated people should read them as required. So, to many Shakesqeare is very well known and closely related with Korean people.

한국 고대사회에서 노비와 노비노동의 역할

李仁哲 한국고대사학회 2003 韓國古代史硏究 Vol.29 No.-

Male slave was called 'no(奴), and female slave 'bi (婢)' in Korean history. Therefore, Nobi(奴婢) meant male and female slaves. The historical evidence on nobi can be found as early as in the fourth century B.C. In Old Choson, man who stole other's possessions was made the slave of his victim. In Puyo, man who murdered other people is put to death and the remaining members of his family were enslaved. Sacrificial burial was also practiced with as many as one hundred attendants being buried with their master. Most of farming population in village communities was composed of peasants, whose social status are assumed to be what the Chinese called Haho(下戶). Above this preponderant component of peasants were the Homin(豪民) and below them there were slaves in some number. Prisoners of war or criminals were also made nobi in the three kingdom period. The poor peoples sold their sons and daughters, who were eventually enslaved. To military leaders for their victories in battle, or to the aristocrats who held the positions in government office, a large grant of lands and a number of prisoners taken during war were given as befitting their distinguished service and exalted station. In consequence, the private land and slave holdings of the aristocratic class increased continuously. However. the ancient Korean society had a small slave population. In 660, slave population were only limited to 4% of the total population living in the ancient Korea. By contrast. that of the ancient Greece occupied 30% of the total population, and that of the ancient Rome was even 35%. This is because agricultural productivity and the demand of slave labor were too low and grand land-owning did not develop in the ancient korea and thus most prisoners of war were killed instead of being enslaved. As a results the ancient Korea had a small slave population in comparison to the ancient Greece and Rome. Above 90% of the total population of the ancient Korea were peasants. The independent peasants, who cultivated their own plots of land, comprised the preponderant class in these societies. The interest of the state was also laid on peasant labor rather than slave labor.

알코올 의존환자에서 갈근이 알코올 갈망과 대뇌 국소혈류량의 변화에 미치는 영향

강철중,김명정,김성곤,김인주 大韓神經精神醫學會 1997 신경정신의학 Vol.36 No.5

알코올 의존 환자에서 갈근이 알코올 갈망을 감소시킨다는 보고가 있고 알코올 갈망에 관여하는 대뇌부위가 전두엽-시상-선조체-측좌핵을 포함하는 회로라는 학설이 있다. 저자는, 갈근이 이러한 부위의 혈류량에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 알아보기 위해 연구를 실시하였다. 알코올 의존으로 입원하여 급성중독과 금단증상에서 회복된 환자를 대상으로 실험 제 1일에 알코올 갈망, 불안 및 기분을 측정한 후 단일광자광출전산화단층촬영술을 이용하여 양측 미상핵 두부, 양측 시상 및 양측 안와전두엽의 국소 혈류량을 측정하였다. 실험 제 3일에 소량의 알코올음료를 마시게 한 후에 제 1일의 실험을 반복하였다. 제4일부터 제13일까지 건조 갈근과립 12gram을 1일 2회 분복시키고 제11일과 제13일에 각기 제1일과 제3일의 실험을 동일한 방법으로 실시하였다. 그 결과는 아래와 같다. 1) 갈근 투여 전에는 음주 전에 비해서 음주 후에 알코올 갈망이 유의하게 증가하였으며 이때 우측 미상핵의 두부에서 혈류량이 유의하게 증가하였다. 2) 음주하지 않은 상태에서 갈근 투여 전과 후를 비교한 결과, 갈근 투여 후에는 알코올 갈망이 유의하게 감소하였으며 이때에 우측 미상핵의 두부와 좌측 안와전두엽에서 유의한 혈류량의 증가를 보였다. 3) 음주한 상태에서, 갈근 투여 전과 후를 비교하면, 갈근 투여 후에는 양측 미상핵 두부와 양측 시상에서 유의한 혈류량의 감소를 보였다. 4) 갈근 투여 후에는 음주 전에 비해서 음주 후에 알코올 갈망의 증가를 보이지 않았으며, 양측 미상핵 두부의 혈류량은 감소하였다. 저자는 이러한 결과에서, 갈근이 알코올 의존환자에서 기초 음주 욕구를 감소시키고 음주 후에 유발되는 알코올 갈망의 증가를 차단하며 이러한 음주욕구의 변화와 변연계선조체 특히 미상핵의 국소 혈류량의 변화 사이에 의미있는 연관성이 존재할 것으로 시사한다. In light of recent reports of the effectiveness of Radix puerariae in the alcoholics and recent formulation of a hypothesis that craving for alcohol in the alcohol-dependent individual is mediated by a limbic circuit involving the fronto-thalamic and fronto-striatoaccumbal region, the authors studied the effect of Radix puerariae on craving for alcohol and cerebral blood flow(rCBF) of these regions. The subjects were hospitalized patients with alcohol dependence recovered from acute intoxication and withdrawal symptoms. On the first day of experiment, rCBF in the areas of caudate nuclei, thalamus and orbitofrontal cortices was measured by Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography. On the third day, the same procedure was repeated after intake of a small priming dose of alcohol. Radix puerariae in dose of 12gm/day for 10 days was given from fourth day of experiment to the thirteenth day and on the eleventh and thirteenth days, the measurements of rCBF were repeated in the same method as in the first and third day, respectively. Immediately before measurements of the rCBF in each experiment, craving for alcohol was measured by means of Visual Analogue Sale. The results were as follows : 1) Before the treatment of radix puerariae, the alcohol-dependent patients developed a significant alcohol-induced alcohol craving and a concomitant increase of rCBF in the right head of caudate nucleus. 2) Radix puerariae significantly lowered alcohol craving and significantly increased rCBF in the right head of caudate nucleus and the left orbitofrontal cortex in alcohol-free, basal condition. 3) After the treatment of radix puerariae, the rCBF after alcohol intake in bilateral caudate nuclei and bilateral hemithalami was significantly decreased. 4) Radix puerariae did not induce post-alcohol craving for alcohol and significantly decreased post-alcohol rCBF in bilateral caudate nuclei. From these results, it is suggested that Radix puerariae decreases basal alcohol craving in the alcohol-dependent patients, and further that there may exist a significant association between these changes of alcohol craving and concomitant changes of rCBF in the limbic striatim, especially caudate nucleus.

관상동맥 스텐트 시술 후의 재협착에 관한 연구

김윤철,이정우,김보영,강정아,임대승,이민수,김정희,성보영,최성준,성인환,전은석 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 2000 충남의대잡지 Vol.27 No.1

Coronary stent implacement is known as an effective treatment in the intimal dissection after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty and the prevention of restenosis. However, In-stent restenosis still remains a major concern in clinical stenting. The stents were placed in 103 patients from July 1996 to March 1999 and performed follow-up coronary angiograms in 59(57.3%) patients. To identify the clinical, angiographic and procedurerelated variables 'which predict late restenosis within the stented artery, 59 patients(58.3±9.9, M:F= 41:18) were studied. The clinical characteristics of the patients were stable angina in 23(39.0%), unstable angina in 14(23.7%), acute myocardial infarction in 21(35.6%) and old myocardial infarction in 1(1.7%). Coronary stenting was performed in 1 patient(1.7%) for primary lesion, 50 patients(84.7%) for suboptimal results after PTCA, 6 patients(10.2%) for bail-out procedure, and 2 patients(3.4%) for restenotic lesions. All patients were treated with aspirin and ticlopidinc. The follow-up angiograms were obtained at 7±4 months. The overall in-stent restenosis rate was 27.1%. The coronary angiographic findings were 32 single vessel(54.2%), 19 two vessel(32.2%) and 8 three vessel disease(13.6%). The angiographic morphological characteristics were type A in 33(55.9%), type B in 14(23.7%), type C in 12(20. 3%) cases. Variables of 16 patients with restenosis were compared with those of 43 patients without restenosis. Previously known predictors for in-stent restenosis were multiple stenting, stenting for restenotic lesions, residual stenosis after stenting, stenting for total occlusion lesions, reference diameter, balloon to vessel ratio, acute gain and minimal luminal diameter after procedure, design and characteristics of stents, ostial lesion of aorta, high pressure method for stenting, lesion length, diabetes mellitus, size of artheroma, saphenous vein grafts, ulcerlating lesions and calcified lesions. In this study, Reference diameter before stenting(2.43±0.54mm vs. 2.88±0.65mm, p=0.016) and balloon-to-artery ratio(1.28±0.26 vs. 1.11±0.18, p=0.006) were predictors for in-stent restenosis. 1) The overall in-stent restenosis rate was 27.1%. 2) In the analysis of predictors for in-stent restenosis, there was no significant differences in clinical, angiographic factors between group with restenosis and without restenosis. But, Only reference diameter before stenting and balloon-toartery ratio were predictors of late in-stent restenosis. In conclusion, stenting is effective revascularisation method for selected patients with ischemic heart disease, and to minimize in-stent restenosis rate, stent implanting is achieved in a large vessel on the basis of an artery-to-stnet ration of 1:1, if possible.

Samuel Becket의 Whoroscope : as a “biographical poem ” “傳記詩”로서의 考察

申仁澈 東亞大學校 1983 東亞論叢 Vol.20 No.1

Samuel Becket, who is known as the master of the Theatre of the Absurd, began his literary career as a poet in 1929. Whoroscope was written on a theme of Time and was given the prize money of 10 pounds by Hours Press in Paris. It is based on Baillet's biography Descartes. Here Time begins as an egg being hatched by a hen, going, in terms of embryology, through the stages of egg, ovals, womb (foetus), blood, heart and death. In parallel, the poem covers the main events of Descartes' life. The poem acts as a prism of history, in which eminent characters of the Age of Reason appear, such as Galileo, Copernicus, Faulhaber, Gillot, Gassendi, Bacon, Harvey, Anna Maria, Queen Christina, together with his parlor-maid Helena Jans and his daughter Francine. The poem shows the gradation of his character giving us the impression of the aggregate of his merits and defects. In "Rotten Eggs and the Age of Reason," Descartes idiosincrasy is set against the background of the Age of Reason. In "Revelation and 'Cogito, ergo sum,'" his brilliant concept of "Mathematization of perception," and the three subsequent dreams which are interpreted as God's revelation to his mission, are mentioned. And the many-edged weapon of "Cogito, ergo sum" plays a great part in his academic and theological work. "Last Rites among the Alien Corn" shows Descartes at his death-bed in Stockholm where he taught Queen Christina philosophy early in the morning, in spite of his peculiar habit of lying late in bed. The poem is a dramatic monologue, in which history and Descartes act upon each other, culminating in his absurd death, thus making him a Becketean Character in the Theatre of the Absurd. Yet it wouled not be too much to say that this poem can be regarded as a biographical poem, because it gives us a true portrait of Descartes.

韓國에 있어서 肝吸蟲症 分布에 관한 疫學的 硏究

宋寅喆,李駿商,林漢鐘 고려대학교 의과대학 1983 고려대 의대 잡지 Vol.20 No.1

Korea, a total number of 19,758 stool specimens were collected from the inhabitants who lived in the basins of main 6 rivers, i.e. the Han River, the Gum River, the Nakdong River, the Mangyong River, the Yongsan River and the Seomjin River. The specimens were examined both by cellophane thick smear method and Stoll's egg counting technique during the period from March 1973 to October 1982. The distribution and infection rates were compared in those of river and non-river sides, and the epidemiological statrs was analysed statistically by the regression equations and catalytic curves with the results obtained from two endemic areas. The results are as follows: 1. High egg positive rates were revealed among the inhabitants in the areas of all above river basins, whereas low egg positive rates were obtained among the inhabitants in the areas apart from the riversides. However, in some areas which are not directly connected with the rivers, relatively high rates of Clonorchis infection were also observed. 2. The infection rates of Clonorchis sinensis by sex age were shown significantly different among the population in the most of these studied areas. The rates for males were significantly higher than that for females, and the rates were increased by the higher age groups up to 40 to 59 years old. However in the high endemic areas such as Kimhae the infection rates of both sexes were almost parallel and practically similar high rates revealed in all age groups for 20 to 60 years old. 3. The mean E.P.G. count of Clonorchis infection in the surveyed areas was found higher in the areas which shown as higher infection rates. The degree of the intensity of Clonorchis infection by E,P.G. counts was evenly distributed to heavy and very heavy infections as well light and moderate infections in the areas showed high infection rates. 4. The intensity of endemicity in all surveyed areas was compared with the regression equations calculated with the cumulative percentages of E.P.G. counts. 5. For the quantitative analysis of epidemiology of clonorchiasis in Kimhae and Pyongtrek areas, special type of simple catalytic model was applied to the age prevalence rates revealed through stool examination for Clonorchis eggs and intradermal test for the detection of positive reactors. 6. It was suggested that the two-stage catalytic was well fitted to the prevalince rates by sex and age in the egg positive cases in Kimhae and Pyongtaek areas, and the calculation lead to the equation y=1.042(e-^(0.003t)-e^(-0.074t), a=0.074〉b=0.003 in Kimhae area, and y=1.412(e^(-0.024t)-e^(-0.041t), a=0.024〈b=0.041 in Pyongtaed area. 7. In the high endemic area such as Kimhae, the tendency of familial aggregation was not recognized by statistical analysis. In this area, the mean E.P.C. obtained from same persons in 1973 were compared and descussed statistically.

응급 의료 센터내 사망 환자의 분석

유인술,김준식,진재우,이철주,민영기,조준필 대한응급의학회 1995 대한응급의학회지 Vol.6 No.2

We need the constitute of Emergency medical system that connect prehospital care of inhospital care effectively for optimal treatment of emergency patient. The analysis of actual condition of our emergency medical system, through study of mortality case in emergency medical center will be a aid to the constitute. The authors performed a review on the records of 60 cases who died in Ajou university Emergency medical center during management, since June 1994 to september 1995. Among the 60 patient, 72% were male and 28% were female. In nontrauma patient, 6th decade was many, in trauma patients, 3rd and 5th decade was many. Among the 60 patient, 33% were traumatic cases, 66% were nontraumatic cases. Among the traumatic patients, more than half of the cases were due to motor vehicle accidents. The most frequent time interval from onset of emergent situation to arreving at emergency center was more than 2 hours. The most common transfer method was by 119 ambulance. In most cases, prehospital treatments were not taken. In most cases, initial mental status was comatose, and systolic blood pressure was less than 60 mmHg. Most cardiovascular resuscitation was done in 30 min. to an hour. In cases as traffic accident of ischemic heart disease, where rapid transportation of the patient is critical for the patient's survival, however, in most cases it took more than two hours to bring such patients to hospital, and first aid treatment before arrival to hospital was rare. No prehospital treatment was done to nearly all patient. In many cases the patient was already in under coma or shock state. The inhospital care at emergency center was made relatively quickly and adequately. The mean duration of cardiopulmonary resustation was 30min to one hour. From this study, we could notice the poor quality of prehospital care in the region ,near Ajou university hospital, and we came to know that the improvement of quality of prehospital care was the most important factor to reduce the motality of emergency department patient. that is, in the treatment of emergency patients, weak points has been revealed in the pre-hospital treatment, the improvement of which is important factor for the survival of emergency patients.

한국인 알코올 의존 환자에서 알코올 대사 효소 유전자형 빈도의 남녀 차이

김성곤,김철민,이덕기,황인복,이현숙,김성연,전은숙,송영상,박제민,최병무,김명정 大韓神經精神醫學會 2005 신경정신의학 Vol.44 No.2

Objectives : There are a number of preceding epidemiological studies reporting gender differences in the genetic etiology of alcohol dependence. The author investigated gender difference in the frequencies of ADH2 and ALDH2 genoypes between the patients with alcohol dependence and normal control. Methods : The subjects were 141 alcohol dependent patients (104 males, 37 females) and 138 normal control (79 males, 59 females). The frequencies of 1/1 and 1/2+2/2 (2+ afterward) genotypes for ADH2 and ALDH2 were investigated in male and female between alcohol dependence and normal control group. DNA was extracted from WBC in peripheral venous blood and PCR-RFLP method was used out for genotyping. Results : First, the frequency of ADH2 1/1 genotype was significantly higher in alcohol dependent patients than normal control in both genders. Second, while there was no gender difference in the frequency of ADH2 1/1 genotype in normal controls, in the patient group however, the frequency was significantly higher in females than males. Third, in male subjects with alcohol dependence, the frequency of ALDH2 1/1 genotype was significantly higher than in male normal control subjects. On the other hand, in female subjects with alcohol dependence, the frequency of ALDH2 2+ genotype was significantly higher than in female normal control subjects. Conclusion : These results suggest that while the risk of alcohol dependence is predominantly affected by ALDH2 1/1 geno-type in male, the female ADH2 1/1 genotype is mainly associated with the risk of alcohol dependence. This means that there are gender differences in the genetic etiology of alcohol dependence.

저 Pb Sn-5%Pb-1.5%Ag-x%In계 솔도 합금의 특성에 관한 연구

홍순국,주철홍,강정윤,김인배,Hong, Sun-Guk,Ju, Cheol-Hong,Gang, Jeong-Yun,Kim, In-Bae 한국재료학회 1998 한국재료학회지 Vol.8 No.11

Pb의 환경오염 문제를 발생하지 않는 저농도 Pb 솔도합금을 개발하기 위하여, 새로운 Sn-5%Pb-1.5%Ag-x%In계 합금 조성을 설계하고, 이 합금의 융점, 젖음성, 상분석, 경도, 인장강도, 드로스성을 평가하여, Sn-37%Pb 솔더오 대체 가능성을 타진하였다. Sn-37%Pb 솔도 합금의 Pbdldhs 용출농도는 국제규제치인 3ppm보다 훨씬 적은 0.46ppm이었고, 환경문제를 유발하지 않는 것으로 확인되었다. 이 합금계의 융점은 $183-192^{\circ}C$이고, 응고온도범위도 $5^{\circ}C$내외로 매우 좁았다. 젖음성은 In의 첨가양에 따라 큰 차이가 거의 없었으며, Sn-375Pb와 비슷하였다. 융점 및 젖음성 측면에서 Sn-37%Pb와 대체 가능한 것으로 판단되었다. 경도는 Sn-37%Pb의 약 1.5배이고, 인장강도는 Sn-37%Pb의 것보다 높고, In의 첨가량에 따라 증가하였지만, 연신율은 감소하였다. In이 1% 첨가된 합금에서는 수지 상정 경계에 Ag3Sn과 Pb가 정출되고, 3% 이상에서는 $Ag_3Sn$과 $Ag_3In$ 및 Pb가 정출되었다. 드로스 생성속도는 Sn-37%Pb 합금이 Sn-5%Pb-1.5%Ag 합금보다 빠르고, In을 첨가할수록 느리고 2%의 In을 첨가한 합금은 180분에서도 거의 드로스가 발생하지 않았다. This work designed Sn-5%Pb-1.5%Ag-x%In solder alloy to develop the solder alloy with low Pb content. This solder alloy doesn't cause environmental pollution. and this study reviewed the probability of replacement of Sn-37%Pb solder as evaluation of melting range, wettability. microstructure, microhardne'ss, tensile strength, drossability of this new solder alloys. The level of international regulation in dissolution amount of Pb ion was 3ppm. But dissolution amount of Pb ion in Sn-5%Pb solder alloy confirmed not to threat the global environmental is 0.46ppm. The melting range of this solder alloy was $183-192^{\circ}C$. Also the range of solidification was very narrow within $5^{\circ}C$. The wettability was similar to Sn-37%Pb solder, and the effect of amount of In addition of wettability couldn't be founded. The probability of replacement in the melting range and wettability is very high. And microhardness of this solder alloy was 1.5 times of conventional type solder. Tensile strength of new solder alloys was a little high than that of conventional type solder. With increasing amount of In% addition, tensile strength was increased, but elongation was decreased. The solder alloy of l%In addition revealed AgSn and Pb on dendrite microstructure boundary, and $Ag_3Sn$, $Ag_3In$ and Pb were revealed on it at the solder alloy of 3% In addition. The drossability was superior to Sn-37%Pb solder alloy and the solder alloys of 2% In addition was not generated for 3hrs.