In-hospital mortality in patients with STEMI admitted during off hours

( Sung-Soo Kim ),( Myung Ho Jeong ),( Jeong Gwan Cho ),( Young Keun Ahn ),( Jong Hyun Kim ),( Shung Chull Chae ),( Young Jo Kim ),( Seung Ho Hur ),( In Whan Seong ),( Taek Jong Hong ),( Dong-hoon Choi 대한내과학회 2013 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2013 No.1

Conflicting results exist on the outcome of off hours PCI in ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). However, there were only a few studies that have focused on the clinical characteristics and outcomes of off hours PCI in STEMI. So, we studied the clinical characteristics and hospital mortality in STEMI patients treated with primary PCI during regular hours (weekdays 9:00 AM to 6:00 PM) versus off hours Weekdays 6:01 PM to 8:59 AM, weekends, and holidays) in Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry. We analyzed in hospital and one year mortality among 5,665 consecutive ST segment elevation myocardial infarction patients treated with primary PCI between November 2005 to January 2008. Total 2,848 (50.2%) patients were treated during off hours. Baseline finding were similar, although regular hours patients were older. Median symptom to balloon time (304 min, IQR 175 to 750 vs. 270 min, IQR 145 to 551, p=0.001) were longer for regular hours primary PCI. Median door to balloon time (71min, IQR: 48 to 132 vs. 59 min, IQR 39 to 110 min, p=0.001) were longer for off hours pPCI. Also, Cardiac enzyme such as Max CK-MB (212.1±299.3 vs 194.7±303.4, p=0.031) and max TnI (72.6±239.5 vs. 58.9±94.4, p=0.013) were increased in off hours pPCI. However, unadjusted in hospital (6.0% off hours vs. 6.0% regular hours, p=0.946) and one year cardiac mortality (11.3% off hours vs. 11.7% regular hours, p=0.661) were comparable. In multivariate analysis, off hours primary PCI did not predict an adverse outcome. In conclusion, when primary PCI was performed within an appropriate reperfusion strategy, the clinical effectiveness of either off hours or regular hours pPCI is comparable.

흰쥐에서 Deferoxamine이 신 허혈 후 재관류에 의해 유발되는 신손상에 미치는 영향

배인수,정희창,박동춘 大韓泌尿器科學會 1998 Korean Journal of Urology Vol.39 No.7

정신지체 특수학교 전공과 및 전환교육의 운영실태와 개선방향

조인수,도금숙,전보성 한국특수교육문제연구소 2001 특수교육저널 : 이론과 실천 Vol.2 No.1

본 연구의 목적은 정신지체 특수학교의 전공과 및 전환교육의 운영실태와 개선방향을 탐색하는데 주안점을 두었다. 전공과 및 전환교육의 운영실태는 16개 영역으로 조사하고 문제점과 개선방향은 10개 영역을 중심으로 세부적인 내용을 조사 분석하였다. 여기서 조사분석된 내용은 정신지체 직업 · 전환교육에 좋은 지침이 될 수 있을 것이며 타장애영역 학생들의 직업진로 및 전환교육에 실질적인 도움을 줄 수 있을 것이다. The aims of this study are finding out the reality of the operation of the majored subjects and problems and finding out the improved methods about them. And 1 surveyed special teachers who are attending 17 special schools in Korea in which have the majored subjects about the reality of operating them and improved methods about them. First, about surveying the reality of operation, as to the majored subjects, they are mainly teaching students in the form of work training, guiding job, preparing job and daily Iiving skills through classes. The selection of majored subjects conceming jobs are made through school's direction and the cooperation among teachers, students and parents, and teaching jobs are now changed or will be changed because of the maladjustment to student' s aptitude, the assessment on their job aptitude is not being made now. There are many qualified teachers who have the certification in special school and they think that their roles as directors, guiders are important. The majoring students don’t have enough practicing places and factories. Even though they are received training about job in school, they get jobs unrelated with their received training. And they have verγ low employment as a whole. Though the transitional education program whose aims are selection in jobs, employment and enjoying jobs, it is started especially in the middle and high school courses. And it is thought that official and individualized education program is very important, also needed the cooperation among related authorities and it’s major program is used as the programs on job training. programs on job training. Next, as to the problems and improved methods, the problems about the majored subjects are the unrelatedness with job training and unreality and only one line of selection in job training. The problem about the transitional education program is the shortage in social skills, in the basement of job training and in carrγing out ability. The professional ability which is required in job guiding teacher is job training guide, many methods, the ability about assessing job aptitude, and testing their ability. The construction of the curriculum is not applying the guided curriculum rather than transforming the curriculum according to the atmosphere, and their school year should not be stuck to any one standard but be varied according to their ability and improvement. In the operation of majored subjects, it is necessarγ for them to provide real career education, the opportunity to receive various job training and the supported employments in which they can be included in their society actively.

Bela Bartok의 黃金分割에 關한 硏究

金仁洙 群山大學校 1983 論文集 Vol.6 No.-

In the first half of the 20th Century we can find three striking trends in the western music as follows: first, a mode of music adapted new elements and dictions from a racial or folk music has continuously been developed; second, Neo-classism has turned up; third, three has come Dodecaphony. In this era. therefore, A. Schonberg. 1. Stravinsky and Bela Bartok can be called leading composers. In Philosophie der Neuen musik Th. w. Adorno(1903-1969) regards A. Schonberg and I. Stravinsky as two extreme musicians, and Bela Bartok as a middle -roadishmusician, but from his strong individuality and will affected in his music he is heterogeneously estimated as a nationalist or a Beethoven in modern times. Since the abolition of modern music was discussed. Bartok had just become the pioneer who tried to find a creative way out of racial and folk music unrecognized as music, and with the method which he adapted as a composer seeking a creative universality he could be estimated as a Beethoven of modern times in the respect of the total of folk materials and classic forms indicated by S. Moreux. "Golden Section", one of Bartok's important diction is the dividing method to become the proportion of the length should be "a:b=b:(a-a)", when a segment is divided into two and in the field of formative arts, "Golden Section" was known to be the most beautiful proportional relation called "Divina proportion in the middle ages. The relation of the number in Gold Section become that the total amounts of the first and the second term equal to the third term (eg. 1,1,2,3,5,8,13,21,34...), and this is a always called "Fibonacci's progression." By applying the relation of "Golden Section" to every part of his works, his diction was greatly improved. Especially in his many works after the work of 'String Quartet No. 3 he adapted this relation thoroughly and accurately. In this study I am going to analyze the instance of which he adapted 'Golden Section' horizontally and verticully among the works of which he introduced "Golden Section"at first centering around the following five masterpieces he wrote in his maturity, and investigate his musical pecuriarity. In the respects of formality and harmony Bartok's composing skill is closely related with "Golden Section". That is, in his works "Golden Section is the important structural principle like Overtone harmony or musical form of multiple relation, and his feature of musical composition can be found that the world of the inner strain created by "Golden Section" is balanced with the world relieving the tension by the consonance brought from the overtone formation or the overtone procession. 1. Allegro barbaro (1911) 2. String quartet No.3(1927) 3. Music for string instruments, percussion and celesta(1936) 4. Sonata for two pianos and percussion(1937) 5. Divertimento for string orchestra(1939)

Erikson, Piaget, Sears의 發達理論에 있어 基本假說上의 類似點과 差異點의 比較

金仁洙 釜山敎育大學 1977 부산교육대학 논문집 Vol.13 No.2

In the foregoing discussion of similarities and differences inherent in the three theories, one point emerges as particularly significant. As Stock and Thelen conculded in a different context, logical rather than empirical means promise the greatest opportunity for reconciling differences. To review these differences, then: basic assumption and opinion for development. A comparison of Similarities and Differences on basic Assumption In addition to reconciling sementic differences, it is important to inspect and to compare each theory's foundation of basic premises. In this discussion, the selected theorise are reviewed together in terms of their basic construction and in light of the assumptions they make concerning the nature of human life. the etiology of human behavior, the core of human behavior, and the environmental factors which in fluence development. Comparison of Theory Construction and Methodology gean Piaget strives to establish a universal system of individual development which is consistent with the collective intellectual development of mankind. Erik H. Erikson by contrust, endearvors to understand aech individual in his uniquely complex situation in life. Sears contributes furthere to his understanding through his study of man within his social learning martrix. In their approaches to the formulation of theory, Piaget and Erikson operate deductively, Sears inductively, Piaget first constructs his theoretical model, then proceeds to test each of it's parts. Erikson relies upon the psychoanalyic model with specific emphasis upon sociol cultural factors as codeterminants. Sears adheres primarily to the edict of Clark L. Hull. Although all agree that the natural environment provides the most favorable laboratory conditions for measuring personality development, each differs with respect to methodlogy of investigation and to the developmental aspect to be investigated. Piaget structures his research in order to isolate variables of thought processes, aiming to learn precisely how one in dividual thinks about and ore problem. Yet despite these markedly different research proedures, the finding of each theorist are strikingly noncontradictory, and they become remarkably complementary when superimposed upon one another. In the nature of human life, all three theorists believe in the reqularity of human growth and development as wellas in the partial predictability of human behavior. Each ventures to investigate for himself and his contemporaries those facets of human life experience which are of particular interest to him. In Etiology of hum behavior, they all build upon an evolutionary view of the development of human behavior, but in dissimilar ways. Sears considers human behavior to be the product of stimulus-response learning. Piaget and Sears might take issue with Erikson's psychoanalytic assumption that human behavior results from needs and motivation cosistently internally nurtured. In the core determinant of human behavior, Each of the theorists depends upon a different assumption in his defenition of the determanants of humand behavior. Piaget emphasis uopn congnitive comprehension as the decisine factor. in all human behavior. Erikson consider that affective(emotional)processes furnish the basic motivations for all human behavior. Sears suggests that a person's behavior is in itself of overiding importance, past experience being the foundation for new behavior. In environmental influences, Erikson bases his trust in the adaptive power and creative capacity of both the individual and the social environment. This adaptive potential in each human being is rooted for Erikson in each individal's emotional makeup. He is willing to concede that intellectual potential does help, while for Piaget, it determines man's course. Sears sees man as the creator and the recipient of his own environment. He would be likely to include all imaginable environmental factors-includingthose outside the range of direct influence upon the child-maintaining that all have relevance to the emotional development of the chield.

영어 전치부사구문에서의 대명사화에 관한 화용론적 접근

고인수 한국영어영문학회 경남지부 1987 현대영미어문학 Vol.4 No.-

In this thesis, we argue that pronominalixation in English preposed advervials can best be described and explained in pragmatic rather than purely structural terms. We refer to a pragmatic(discourse-based) property-dominance-which is defined by Erteschik-Shir(1973). We then state our hypothesis concerning pronominalization in English preposed adverbials which we formulate in terms of the notion of dominance. A considerable amount of attention has been devoted by linguists to the problem of characterizing and explaining pronominalization phenomena in English and especially a number of purely syntactic pro-posals have been put forward since Lees and Klima(1963). What is com-mon to the theories suggested by Ross, Langacker, Chomsky, and others is that they seek to treat pronominalization as essentially structural phenomena, in fact, which are defined by the syntactic constraints. However, the purely syntactic approach is not only insufficient to explain pronominalization in English preposed adverbials, but lacking in capturing an important pragmatic function of English preposed adver-bials. In part 2, we critically review purely syntactic theories and discuss some problems under analysis. In the third section, the functional con-straint suggested by Kuno are discussed. Finally, we show that our hypothesis allows us to account for all problematic data which are discuss-ed in the previous sections. In this thesis, it is our belief that English preposed adverbials repre-sent an important pramatic function and that a pragmatic approach is preferable to purely syntactic of Kuno's sense of functional approach in describing pronominalization in English.

총력전기 식민지 조선의 사회과학 비판

김인수(Kim, In-Soo) 고려대학교 아세아문제연구소 2013 亞細亞硏究 Vol.56 No.4

Since the mid-1930s, intellectuals of colonial Korea had become professionals of social science academics. In this paper, I tracked the whereabouts of this professional knowledge in total war period. After political conversion(1938), In Jeongsik(印貞植) obtained and produced by himself the data which were more detailed and accurate than before for the society of colonial Korea. Using these indexes, In defined the historical status of it. At the same time, he compared colonial Korea with Southeast Asia, China, and Manchuria. Firstly, In argued that capitalistic industrialization was advanced in colonial Korea under Japanese imperialism, on the contrary, feudalism had been exacerbated in Southeast Asia since colonization by Western imperialism. Secondly, he represented China as a stagnant society based on the theory of "Asiatic mode of production"(K. Wittfogel), excepting colonial Korea from the range of that theory. Finally, In argued that Korean society was modernized based on the fact that the system of nuclear family was overwhelming, in contrast to Manchuria which had been evaluated as a large family system society. However, In"s claims were the answers to the questions suggested from Japanese resident intellectuals in Korea. These questions, produced in the asymmetry of power between empire and colony, were to serve the purpose of Japanese imperialism to mobilize colonial Korean society. In, without denying these questions, only looked to the others, neighboring Asian states, which were evaluated inferior than Korea by himself. After all, In neither could recognize accurately the "colonial Korea", nor fairly neighboring others. Disregarding the violence of questions he tried to answer, In distorted the history and reality of others. The way that In Jeongsik walked on as a social scientist of colonial Korea, needs to be remembered as the typical case that clearly says why colonial intellectuals fail to know their society and others accurately.

체간미주신경절단술 및 유문성형술, 선택적미주신경절단술 및 유문성형술과 벽세포 미주신경절단술후 Histamine 자극이 위산분비에 미치는 영향에 관한 실험적 연구

김인수,김세민 고려대학교 의과대학 1984 고려대 의대 잡지 Vol.21 No.1

The goal of the therapy for peptic disease is to reduce the acid-pepsin secretion in ther stomach and the recurrence rate, and the parietal cell vagotomy is believed to be a suitable operation for this purpose. The purpose of this study is to report on the response of the gastric secretion after variable vagotomy procedures and to compare the response rate with the administration of histamine in each vagotomy procedures. The author carried out an experimental study on the gastric secretory response to histamine in total 23 mongrel dogs, 8 control group (gastrostomy), 5 truncal vagotomy with pyloroplasty group; 5 selective vagotomy with pyloroplasty group and 5 parietal cell vagotomy group. Gastric juice analysis was carried out 3 times on a monthly with the administration of histamine. The result are as follows: 1. In group of truncal vagotomy with pyloroplasty, the mean value of free acidity after 1 month, 2 month and 3 month of operation decreased by 70.4% 47.1% and 83.1% respectively in comparison with control group, and mean value of total acidity decreased by 32.1%, 24% and 53.1% respectively. The mean value of histamine-responded free acidity after 1 month, 2 month and 3 month of operation decreased by 24%, 43.7% and 48.3% respectively in comparison with control group and mean value of total acidity decreased by 9.4%, 21.2% and 38.8% respectively. 2. In group of selective vagotomy with pyloroplasty, the mean value of free acidity after 1 month, 2 month and 3 month of operation decreased by 18.5%, 41.3% and 25.9% respectively, in comparison with control group. The mean value of histamine-responded free acidity after 1 month, 2 month and 3 month of operation decreased by 27.1%, 45.4% and 46.5% respectively, in comparison with control group and mean value of total acidity decreased by 24.0%, 18.7% and 8.4% respectively. 3. In group of parietal cell vagotomy, the mean value of free acidity after 1 month, 2 month and 3 month of operation decreased by 40.7%, 70.4% and 57.7% respectively, in comparison with control group and mean value of total acidity decreased by 24.0%, 18.7% and 8.4% respectively. Then mean value of histamine-responded free acidity after 1 month, 2 month and 3 month of operation decreased by 33.7%, 25.1% and 63.8% respectively, in comparison with control group and mean value of total acidity decreased by 24.9%, 21.8% and 28.8% respectively. 4. In summary, average reduction rates of free acidity in truncal vagotomy with pyloroplasty, selective vagotomy with pyloroplasty and parietal cell vagotomy were 66.7%, 29.2% and 56.3% respectively, and average reduction rates of total acidity, 36.4%, +10.1% and 28.4% respectively. Average reduction rates of histamine-responded free acidity were 28.7%, 39.5% and 40.9% respectively, and histamine-responded total acidity, 23.1%, 17% and 25.2% respectively.

접착제(본드)흡입이 간장의 기능 및 조직변화에 미치는 영향

김인수,손동렬,신인철 漢陽大學校 環境科學硏究所 1984 環境科學論文集 Vol.5 No.-

접착제의 흡입으로 일어날 수 있는 유해작용에 대하여는 이미 많은 연구가 이루어져 왔으나 그 유해작용은 접착제 제조에 사용된 유기용매의 종류와 순수성에 따라 좌우되므로 만성독성으로 인한 신경장애에 대한 작용이외에 많은 연구들이 일치된 견해가 없고 각 나라마다 자국산의 접착제에 대하여 철저한 연구가 이루어져 왔으나 우리나라에선 거의 연구되어 있지 않는 실정이다. 따라서, 우리나라에서 생산되는 접착제의 흡입으로 일어날 수 있는 만성독성에 대한 연구가 필요하여 백서에 장기간 접착제를 흡입시켰을 때 특히 간 기능과 조직변화에 미치는 영향을 연구하였다. 접착제는 사용된 유기용매의 종류에 따라 toluene과 acetone이 주 용매인 Gt와 hexane과 acetone이 주 용매인 Gh 2 종류로 구분하였으며 실험동물은 체중 180g 내외의 웅성 백서를 대조군, Gt 흡입군과 Gh 흡입군 3군으로 나누었다. 1) 접착제를 10분간 흡입시키는 동안에는 약간의 흥분작용 이외에 별다른 증상을 볼 수 없었으나 40일간의 흡입에서 부터 흥분작용이 증가되어 공격적이며 적의심을 나타냈다. 이러한 중추신경에 대한 영향은 Gt 흡입군에서 더욱 심화하였고 흡입이 중단된지 60일이 경과되어도 정상으로 회복되지 않았다. 2) 혈청 GOT와 GPT는 10일에서 부터 증가되어 30∼40일에 최고의 증가치를 나타냈으나 흡입이 계속되고 있음에도 감소되였다. 혈청 alkaline phosphatase 수준은 20일에서부터 증가하여 50 일까지 지속되었으나(59.2%∼73.1%) 60일에서는 감소되었다. 총 bilirubin은 전 실험기간에서 별 변동이 없었으며 혈청효소의 변동은 흡입이 중단된 후 20일에서는 거의 정상수준으로 회복되었고 Gt와 Gh 흡입군에서 유의한 차이가 없었다. 3) 간의 무게를 체중비로 나타낸 결과 20일에서 부터 25% 증가되었고 60일에서는 50%의 증가를 나타냈으나, 흡입이 중단된 후 50일이 경과되어서는 정상으로 회복되는듯 하였다.(Gt 12.2%, Gh 16.3%) 4) 간의 병리 조직학적 소견으로는 20일에서 문맥주변부의 염증 세포 침윤, 충혈 및 간세포 종창이 관찰되었으나, 흡입이 계속되고 있음에도 더 이상 약화되지 않고 60일간 같은 변화를 보였다. 흡입이 중단된 후 40 일에서는 정상 조직상태를 나타냈으며 이러한 조직변화는 Gt와 Gh 흡입군에서 별 차이가 없었다. 이상의 결과로 보아 우리나라에서 생산되는 접착제의 만성흡입은 내성의 출현으로 인하여 특정적인 심한 간 손상을 유발하지 않는 것으로 판단되며 간 기능 손상은 조직변화에 선행되어 나타나고 간 기능 및 조직손상은 회복성이 있는 것으로 사료된다. 우리나라에서 생산되는 접착제는 비교적 장기간 백서에 흡입하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 접착제의 만성흡입은 특징적인 심한 간 손상을 유발하지 않았으며 이는 내성의 출현으로 인한 것으로 판단되고 간 기능 손상은 조직 변화에 선행되어 나타나고 간 기능 및 조직 손상은 회복성이 있는 것으로 사료된다. There have been a number of studies on the acute and chronic toxicities induced by continuing, heavy exposure to glue or its solvents. However the reports besides on the neuronal damage are still controversial, for the toxic actions probably depend on the kind and purity of the solvents used in glue. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of chronic exposure to the inhalation of glue on the functional and histological liver damages. 210 healthy Sprague-Dawely male rats weighing about 180g. were divided into 3 groups: 1)control group exposed to the inhalation of fresh air, 2) Gt group exposed to the inhalation of glue whose main solvents were toluene and acetone, 3) Gh group exposed to the inhalation of glue whose main solvents were hexane and acetone. The results obtained were as follows: 1) During 10 minutes exposure to the inhalation of glue, slight excitement was observed in all rats and in 40 days exposure, excitement was more profound and aggressiveness and hostility were found in Gt group rather than Gh group. The excitement was not subsided even 60 days after stopping inhalation. 2) Serum GOT and GPT levels were elevated in 10 days exposure and reached to the highest level in 30∼40 days exposure followed by decrease to normal ranges. Serum alkaline phosphatase level remained raised from 20 days to 50 days exposure (59.2%∼73.1%) and returned to almost normal level in 60 days exposure. Total bilirubin level were within normal limits in all experimental period. The serum enzyme levels were recovered to normal ranges 20 days after being exposed to the final inhalation and have no significant difference between Gt and group. 3) The relative liver weights were increased by 25% in 20 days exposure, and by 50% in 60 days exposure but it seemed to be returned to normal weight 50 days after stopping inhalation (Gt 12.2%, Gh 16.3%). 4) The histopathological changes induced by 20 days exposure to the inhalation of glues Gt and Gh were mononuclear cell infiltration in periportal zone, congestion and cellular swelling on the liver and were not enhanced even by increase in exposure time. These findings were completely subsided 40 days after receiving the final exposure. From these results, it may be concluded that the chronic inhalation of glues available in Korea fails to cause severe or characteristic liver disease, the functional damage is followed by the histological changes in liver and the functional and histological damages are reversible.

韓國人의 和合과 相扶相助의 慣行硏究

孫仁銖 서울市立大學校 1985 論文集 Vol.19 No.-

The purpose of this essay is to see in the light of good morals and manners the Korean traditional practice for harmony and mutual aids seen in the Korean traditional community lives such as Dureh, Poomasi, Dongjeh, Hyang Yahk, Gyeh and etc. In the Korean traditional societies people used to work together in cooperation, and the houses were likely to concentrate in certain places to the formation of the villages big or small, in which we see sense of harmony and cooperative spirit on the part of the Koreans. The term 'we' we are willing to use has got unique connotations and denotations; it is meant not only by 'you and I' but also by 'all the people' we are familiar with. Here a question is raised "Why are only the Koreans willing to use the word 'we'?" It is because the Koreans are endowed by nature with instinct that they want to become one and the same with those they like. To the Koreans the word 'we' has referred to good will, sympathy, solidarity and cooperation. As we see here the Koreans used to help with one another and were willing to share happiness and misery with others. The Koreans used to put the prosperity of community before their own individual happiness, which says they hamde high of harmony and of mutual aids. So to preserve and make better these good morals and manners is important to make Korea better and richer. They used to see the true the good and the beautiful in solidarity in the strict sense of the world. Sense of harmony and cooperative spirit are impartant to all other countries, and they are all the more to Korea because it encounters so many problems to solve nowadays. In fact in the contemporary societies we are in wide contact, conscious or unconscious, with the unknown people. To be in good terms and good harmony with the unknown in these complicated societies, the first thing we should do is to accept they are different in nature, thought and personalities from us. To this sense of harmony, cooperative spirit and sense of mutual aids are indispensable, because mutual understanding and acceptance derive from them.