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Julius Cesar Imperial Trajano 한국원자력학회 2019 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.51 No.6
This paper conducts a qualitative policy analysis of current challenges to safety culture and securityculture in Southeast Asia and emerging best practices in Northeast Asia that are aimed at strengtheningboth cultures. It analyses lessons, including strengths and limitations, that can be derived from NortheastAsian states, given the long history of nuclear energy in South Korea, China and Japan. It identifies andexamines best practices from Northeast Asia’s Nuclear Security Centres of Excellence in terms of boostingnuclear security culture and their relevance for Southeast Asia. The paper accentuates the important roleof the State in adopting policy and regulatory frameworks and in institutionalising nuclear education andtraining programmes to deepen the safety-security cultures. Best practices in and challenges to developing a nuclear safety culture and a security culture in EastAsia are examined using three frameworks of analysis (i) a comprehensive nuclear policy framework; (ii)a proactive and independent regulatory body; and (iii) holistic nuclear education and training programmes. The paper argues that Southeast Asian states interested in harnessing nuclear energy and/orutilising radioactive sources for non-power applications must develop a comprehensive policy frameworkon developing safety and security cultures, a proactive regulatory body, and holistic nucleartraining programmes that cover both technical and human factors. Such measures are crucial in order tomitigate human errors that may lead to radiological accidents and nuclear security crises. Key lessonsfrom Japan, South Korea and China such as best practices and challenges can inform policy recommendationsfor Southeast Asia in enhancing safety-security cultures.
Nastassja Muller,Romain Kessler,Sophie Caillard,Eric Epailly,Fabrice Hubelé,Céline Heimburger,Izzie-Jacques Namer,Raoul Herbrecht,Cyrille Blondet,Alessio Imperiale 대한핵의학회 2017 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.51 No.1
Purpose Infection and malignancy represent two common complications after solid organ transplantation, which are often characterized by poorly specific clinical symptomatology. Herein, we have evaluated the role of 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-Dglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in this clinical setting. Methods Fifty-eight consecutive patients who underwent FDG PET/CT after kidney, lung or heart transplantation were included in this retrospective analysis. Twelve patients underwent FDGPET/CT to strengthen or confirma diagnostic suspicion of malignancies. The remaining 46 patients presented with unexplained inflammatory syndrome, fever of unknown origin (FUO), CMVor EBV seroconversion during post-transplant follow-up without conclusive conventional imaging. FDG PET/CT results were compared to histology or to the finding obtained during a clinical/imaging follow-up period of at least 6 months after PET/CT study. Results Positive FDG PET/CT results were obtained in 18 (31 %) patients. In the remaining 40 (69 %) cases, FDG PET/CT was negative, showing exclusively a physiological radiotracer distribution. On the basis of a patient-based analysis, FDG PET/CT’s sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV were respectively 78 %, 90 %, 78 % and 90 %, with a global accuracy of 86 %. FDG PET/CT was true positive in 14 patients with bacterial pneumonias (n = 4), pulmonary fungal infection (n = 1), histoplasmosis (n = 1), cutaneous abscess (n = 1), inflammatory disorder (sacroiliitis) (n = 1), lymphoma (n = 3) and NSCLC (n = 3). On the other hand, FDG PET/CT failed to detect lung bronchoalveolar adenocarcinoma, septicemia, endocarditis and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), respectively, in four patients. FDG PET/CT contributed to adjusting the patient therapeutic strategy in 40 % of cases. Conclusions FDG PET/CT emerges as a valuable technique to manage complications in the post-transplantation period. FDG PET/CT should be considered in patients with severe unexplained inflammatory syndrome or FUO and inconclusive conventional imaging or to discriminate active from silent lesions previously detected by conventional imaging particularly when malignancy is suspected.