Public Finance in Korea since the Economic Crisis

Ilho Yoo 한국경제연구학회 2008 Korea and the World Economy Vol.9 No.1

Ten years have passed since the economic crisis hit Korea in 1997. To overcome the crisis, Korean government adopted many drastic reform measures mostly recommended by IMF. Since most of its reform measures were recommended by IMF, this policy stance to “escape” from the economic crisis is regarded as “neo-liberal.” Particularly, in the area of public finance, the principle of the “small government” was actively pursued. After two years, however, the policy stance began to be changed. Number of civil servants has increased. The size of the government increased as well, largely due to the increase in the welfare expenditure. Many new welfare programs, most important among them is NBLSS, has been introduced. Size of the government debt has increased. Do all these movements indicate that Korean government in last seven years has tried to be a big government? Although it is too early to tell, there is the strong evidence that the idea of European welfare state has prevailed.

Development Direction of Reliability-based ROK Amphibious Assault Vehicles

Ilho Baek(백일호),Jusung Bong(봉주성),Jangwook Hur(허장욱) 한국기계가공학회 2021 한국기계가공학회지 Vol.20 No.2

A plan for the development of reliability-based ROK amphibious assault vehicles is proposed. By analyzing the development case of the U.S. EFV, considerations for the successful development of the next-generation Korea Forces amphibious assault vehicle are presented. If the vehicle reliability can be improved to the level of the fourth highest priority electric unit for power units, suspensions, decelerators, and body groups, which have the highest priority among fault frequency items, a system level MTBF of 36.4%↑ can be achieved, and the operational availability can be increased by 3.5%↑. The next-generation amphibious assault vehicles must fulfill certain operating and performance requirements, the underlying systems must be built, and sequencing of the hybrid engine and the modular concept should be considered. Along with big-data- and machine-learning-based failure prediction, machine maintenance based on augmented reality/virtual reality and remote maintenance should be used to improve the ability to maintain combat readiness and reduce lifecycle costs.

Comparison of ozonation removal for PPCPs in secondary treated sewage by microbubble generator and ejector

Ilho Kim,Jaiyeop Lee 대한환경공학회 2022 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.27 No.2

This study analyzed residues of PPCPs in secondary treated sewage water, and their amount eliminated by ozonation processes. A microbubble nozzle and ejector were used to dissolve ozone. To consider a low concentration of PPCPs, a SPE method was performed on samples prior to the analysis. The concentration of dissolved ozone was 4.00 mg/L in the microbubble and 2.49 mg/L in the ejector. To examine elimination trends, the experiment was also performed at a low concentration of ozone, 1/10 of its original concentration. The maximum elimination rate on average was 93.0% in the ejector, higher than that in the microbubble (90.1%), but 16 PPCPs were found to show a relatively high elimination rate in the microbubble, higher than the ejector. Elimination trends with respect to time were distinguished based on inflection point, and 11 PPCPs were concentrated on the latter half of the microbubble after the inflection point at the low concentration of ozone, which was compared to other cases. In the source water, concentrations of 2 PPCPs were higher than the reference toxic concentration based on the QSAR model, but after treatment, only bezafibrate was over the value when the ejector with low ozone injection concentration was applied.

The Role of Conformity in Relation to Cohesiveness and Intimacy in Day-Hospital Groups of Patients with Schizophrenia

IlHo Park,SunYoung Park,Sulkee Choi,SooYoung Lee,JaeJin Kim 대한신경정신의학회 2017 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.14 No.4

Objective-Conformity is defined as the act of adjusting one’s behavior to match the social responses of others. Patients with schizophrenia often adjust their maladaptive behaviors by conforming in group treatment settings. This study aimed to examine whether the opinions of group members influence conformity of patients with schizophrenia who attend day-hospital programs. Methods-Nineteen patients with schizophrenia from four different day-hospital programs and 23 healthy controls from four different social clubs completed the homographic meaning choice task under conditions of prior exposure to the pseudo-opinions of their group members, strangers, and unknown information sources. Group influences on conformity were observed when the level of group cohesiveness was high and the level of intimacy was low across participant groups. Results-Controls did not exhibit a significant effect of group influence on conformity, whereas patients were significantly influenced by their group members when making conformity-based decisions despite significantly lower intimacy and cohesiveness levels. Conclusion-These findings suggest that unlike controls, patients with schizophrenia tend to respond with conformity when influenced by the opinions of their affiliated group. In patients with schizophrenia group conformity may be used to select a more accurate decision and to enhance feelings of affiliation among them.

Dynamic Release Control Policy for the Semiconductor Wafer Fabrication Lines

ILHO LIM,JONGSOO KIM 대한산업공학회 1995 대한산업공학회 춘계학술대회논문집 Vol.1995 No.4

Analysis of Self Heating Effect(SHE) according to Buried Oxide Thickness in SOI Nanowire FET

Ilho Myeong,Dokyun Son,Hyunsuk Kim,Myounggon Kang,Hyungcheol Shin 대한전자공학회 2017 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.17 No.5

In this paper, the Self Heating Effect (SHE) is investigated in silicon on insulator (SOI) nanowire MOSFETs. A comprehensive study of SHE in Nanowire FET (NWFET) was implemented by Technology Computer-Aided Design (TCAD) simulation. Through analysis of on-current (Ion), thermal resistance (RTH), and heat flux, the DC characteristics of SHE were investigated according to the increase of buried oxide thickness (Tbox). The results indicate that leakage current is not changed according to Tbox so that it is not necessary to increase Tbox. In conclusion, in case that Tbox was optimized by 1 nm, temperature and RTH were reduced by 152 K and 54.5% respectively. Also, Ion was increased by 5.84% maintaining leakage current compared with Tbox of 20 nm.

Changes in Shared Bicycle Traffic Patterns Due to the Spread of COVID-19

Ilho Jeong(정일호),Sion Kim(김시온),Minje Choi(최민제),Donggyun KU(구동균),Seungjae LEE(이승재) 대한교통학회 2021 대한교통학회 학술대회지 Vol.85 No.-

서울시는 대중교통 활성화, 녹색교통진흥지역 구축, 공유자전거 이용 확대 등 친환경 교통정책을 추진 · 시행하고 있다. COVID-19 대유행과 확산으로 사회적 거리두기 정책을 엄격하게 시행하고 있다. 사람들의 움직임과 교통량이 크게 줄었다. 전염병으로 인해 사람들은 통행 관련 의사결정 경향을 바꿔야 했다. 이러한 배경에서, 본 연구는 대유행 기간 동안 서울의 공유 자전거 교통량의 변화를 분석하였다. 회귀분석을 이용하여 사회적 거리 수준과 공유 자전거 이용의 관계를 분석했다. 모란의 I 테스트와 핫스팟 분석을 통해 공간적으로 형성된 클러스터 분석을 실시했다. 그 결과는 COVID-19 확산과 자전거 공유 이용 사이의 중요한 상관관계가 발견되었음을 보여준다. 사회적 거리 두기 수준이 한 단계 높아지면 하루 자전거 공유 대여 건수는 약 1만 배 증가했다. 공간분석 결과 공유 자전거 이용량의 변화가 공간적으로 클러스터를 형성하고 있으며, 모란의 I 테스트에서는 p-값이 0에 매우 가까운 통계적으로 유의미한 결과를 보였다. 연구 결과는 특별한 상황에서 정부의 정책이 녹색 교통을 촉진하는 데 중요한 역할을 한다는 것을 보여준다. 녹색 교통의 이용은 도시의 대기 오염 감소와 직결된다. 그러한 교통수단은 환경에 큰 도움이 될 수 있다. 정부는 친환경 교통 활성화를 위해 지역적 특성을 고려하여 보다 효과적인 성과를 낼 수 있다.

Development of a Novel Microimpact-Fatigue Tester and Its Application to Impact Reliability of Lead-Free Solder Joints

Ilho Kim,Soon-Bok Lee IEEE 2009 IEEE transactions on components and packaging tech Vol.32 No.3

<P>Drop-impact forces cause portable electronic devices to fail. Assessment of resistance against drop-impact force is required to predict life of an electronic package. Several methods have been used to evaluate impact-fatigue life and other advanced methods have been proposed. However, such conventional impact tests require excessive time and cost. In this paper, a novel micro-impact-fatigue tester is developed to overcome such drawbacks of conventional methods. A newly developed impact-fatigue apparatus directly applies impact force to solder joints and measures deformation of the solder joints. The impact-fatigue test apparatus consists of an electromagnetic actuator, an impact-pin, a load-cell, a displacement sensor, and a main frame. Electromagnetic actuator produces a repeatable impact force with a changeable amplitude and pulse duration. Impact-fatigue apparatus was used to test reliability of a lead-free solder (96.5Sn4.0Ag0.5Cu). An evaluation of impact-fatigue life was performed over a wide range of 1-10<SUP>4</SUP> cycles with various applied forces ranging from 40 N to 110 N. Two failure modes were observed in a section inspection. First type of failure was a mixed mode failure, where a bulk solder failure and interface failure coincide and the relation between the impact load and fatigue life is almost linear. Stress-based life-prediction model is proposed for the mixed mode failure. The second type of failure, interface failure between the Ni(P) layer and the solder, occurs under a high-load condition. Fatigue life is shorter in the second type of failure than in the mixed mode failure. Brittleness of the interface reduces the impact-fatigue life.</P>

Reliability and Failure Analysis of Lead-Free Solder Joints for PBGA Package Under a Cyclic Bending Load

Ilho Kim,Soon-Bok Lee IEEE 2008 IEEE transactions on components and packaging tech Vol.31 No.2

<P>Nowadays, interest in the bending reliability of ball grid array packages has increased with the increase in mobile devices. Initially, bending tests were conducted to certify the safety of an electronic package during the manufacturing and shipping processes. But recently, the purpose of the bending test has changed: cyclic bending tests are being used to evaluate the electronic package's endurance against handling damage such as bending, twisting and key pressure. Furthermore, the bending test is being adopted as an alternative to a drop test. In this study, a four-point cyclic bending test was performed under various loading levels to investigate the fatigue behavior of solder joints with chemical compositions of 95.5Sn4.0Ag0.5Cu and 63Sn37Pb. It was found that the lead-free solder has a longer fatigue life than the lead-contained solder when the applied load is low. A finite element analysis (FEA) with plasticity and creep constitutive equations was conducted because there are no suitable sensors to measure stress and strain of solder ball joints directly. From the analysis results, it was found that the inelastic energy dissipation could be used as a good damage parameter. Also, from the inspection of the failure site and the FEA, it was found that the fatigue crack initiated at the exterior solder joints and propagated into the inner solder joints.</P>

Route Optimization Scheme for Nested NEMO

Ilho Lee,Junho Lee 대한전자공학회 2007 ITC-CSCC :International Technical Conference on Ci Vol.2007 No.7

Several schemes have proposed solutions to the pinball routing problem in Nested NEMO(Network Mobility). However, these schemes have the problem that route optimization procedure becomes more complicated in each MR(Mobile Router) as the level of nesting increases. In this paper, to archieve route optimization, an AR(Access Router) performs route optimization procedure on behalf of the intermediate MRs in nested NEMO. Evaluation through comparison among other solutions showed effectiveness of the scheme.