Anti-inflammatory Effects of Low-molecular Weight Chitosan Oligosaccharides in IgE-antigen Complex-stimulated RBL-2H3 Cells and Asthma Model Mice

Mi Ja Chung,Jae Kweon Park,Ji Sun Lee,Seul Lee,Yong Il Park 한국당과학회 2012 한국당과학회 학술대회 Vol.2012 No.1

Anti-inflammatory effects of low-molecular weight chitosan oligosaccharides (LM-COS) prepared from high-molecular weight chitosan by enzymatic digestion were investigated against allergic reaction and allergic asthma in vivo and in vitro. Allergic asthma is an inflammatory disease of the airways associated with enhanced degranulation and cytokine generation. The LM-COS (<1 kDa), consisting of glucosamine (GlcN)n, n = 3-5, were capable of inhibiting both antigen-stimulated degranulation and cytokine generation in rat basophilic leukemia RBL-2H3 cells. The protective effect of LM-COS against ovalbumin (OVA)-induced lung inflammation in asthma model mice was also examined. Oral administration of LM-COS (16 mg/kg body weight/day) resulted in a significant reduction in both mRNA and protein levels of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-13, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-αin the lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). The protein levels of IL-4, IL-13 and TNF-αin BALF were decreased by 5.8-fold, 3.0-fold and 9.9-fold, respectively, compared to those in the OVA-sensitized/challenged asthma control group. These results suggest that oral administration of LM-COS is effective in alleviating the allergic inflammation in vivo and thus can be a good source material for the development of a potent therapeutic agent against mast cell-mediated allergic inflammatory responses and airway inflammation in allergic inflammatory diseases, including asthma.

산청 환아정 복원을 위한 문헌사적 고찰

주우일(Joo, Woo?Il),권현철(Kweon, Hyeon-Cheol) 한국주거환경학회 2014 주거환경(한국주거환경학회논문집) Vol.12 No.4

The Hwan-a-jeong gazebo(換鵝亭) is a representative gazebo of Sancheong county. It was destroyed by fire in 1950 and it does not exist now. At present, there is the Sancheong Elementary School on the site. The original Hwan-a-jeong gazebo(換鵝亭) had been built in 1424 by the 2nd county governor Shim Lin (沈潾). Since then, there have been multiple destructions by fire and subsequent rebuilding. The 42nd county governor Gwon Sun(權淳, 1604-1608) rebuilt the latest Hwan-a-jeong gazebo(換鵝亭), which was destroyed by fire in 1950. At the time, the building was in ‘T’ shape. The east building was called Eunghyang-gwan(凝香館) and the west building was called the Sagyeong-gak(寫經閣). Meanwhile, the 49th county governor Yi Sa-gil(李士吉, 1651-1656) built Seyeon-ji pond(洗硯池) and Seyeon-jeong gazebo(洗硯亭) as the back garden of the guesthouse(客舍) in Hwan-a-jeong gazebo(換鵝亭). The purpose of this study is securing the appropriateness of restoring Hwan-a-jeong gazebo(換鵝亭) by exploring the whole historical transition process from the first building until the latest destruction by fire. Accordingly, this study prepares the basis for the restoration of Hwan-a-jeong gazebo(換鵝亭), which represents the Sancheong-gun county during Joseon period, based on the ancient records, old paintings, photographs and the testimonies of related people. This study also suggests the direction of Hwan-a-jeong gazebo(換鵝亭) restoration by preparing a design drawing based on the information described above.

거창읍 중심지 공간구조의 변천사적 분석

주우일(Joo, Woo?Il),권현철(Kweon, Hyeon-Cheol) 한국주거환경학회 2015 주거환경(한국주거환경학회논문집) Vol.13 No.4

The Geochang-eup, not a big city but a small size city, is an ancient city, which has its own historicity and identity. Geochang-eup had been existed in the Pre-historic Period, Samhan Period and Gaya Period; while it appeared in the historical record for the first time as an administrative district with the name of Geochang in the 16th year of King Gyeondok’s ruling during the Shilla period (A.D. 757). It was Geochang-hyeon during the Goryeo Period and early Joseon Period. At the time of the King Yeongjo, it was raised to the level of Geochang-bu, which is a ‘doho-bu’ governed by a ‘busa’, a ‘jong-3rd-class’ government officer. It was a meaningful event because the framework of Geochang, as a central city in the northwestern part of Gyeongsangnam-do, was completed at this time. Therefore, studying the spatial structure constitution, the development process and changes in the city-center from the Joseon period, when Geochang-eup began to have the character of a point city, through the Japanese occupation period and until today helps the assessing of the historical identity of the Geochang-eup and the future city development strategy. Accordingly, this study learned the changes and characteristics of the spatial structure, roads and major public buildings, which are the spatial structure system of the Geochang-eup city-center, based on the related literature and drew the result. According to the result of the study, the city-center of the Geochang-eup has been the fruit of the local history and culture for generations as the womb of city space; however, the identity as city-center has decreased a lot because it became a modern and functional city space without keeping the advantage of a traditional city space due to various circumstances in the past. This study has the significance that it provides the future urban planning with a basis for the achievement of harmony between the old and new by reliving the uniqueness of the spatial structure held by the Geochang-eup as far as possible.

폐석산의 관광자원화와 경제적 효과 분석에 관한 연구

주우일(Joo, Woo?Il),권현철(Kweon, Hyeon?Cheol),김남룡(Kim, Nam?Ryong) 한국주거환경학회 2009 주거환경(한국주거환경학회논문집) Vol.7 No.2

Geochang-gun is one of Korea’s top 3 granite production areas along with Iksan city and Pocheon city and there are 16 quarries in its region. The amount of gathering rough stones in those 16 quarries is commonly getting reduced every year. As of February, 2009, the quarry under operation are just about 5 and 11 quarry closed their business or still remain idle. So, the possibility is high that the 11 quarries will be translated to disused quarries sooner or later. Thus, it is necessary to find their effective value and seek a way for making them a resource economically. As a way, this study suggested a direction which can make disused quarries a tourism resource. That is to say, the study introduced the facilities which can link the disused quarries to both the rocky walls of the almost vertical rocks gathered and Mt. Keumwon Forest after fully reviewing the target area"s neighboring conditions. District A in the plan for disused quarry consists of recreational, gardening and convenient facilities and while District B in the plan for disused quarry is formed of athletic, gardening and convenient facilities, bearing a different character each other. The budget for making those disused quarry covering 4,028㎡ in Geochang region a resource will be expected to be about 3.518 billion won except land purchase expense. As a result, the study found that such development will result in approximately 5.224 billion won of production inducement and 672 million won of value added in an economic effect aspect. Also, it showed that the development create new 377 jobs and hire 329 persons at the same time. Anyhow, the financial self-supporting ratio of Geochang-gun is meager 13.5%, which is short of the average of the gun-unit bodies in South Gyeongsang Province, showing a very poor financial level. In order to raise such a poor financial self-supporting ratio, Geochang-gun should make full of the resources which it holds and establish the ways which can build an economic base. As a part of the ways, I suggest the development of disused quarry and I could prove the economic ripple effect of such development through this study.

Immune-stimulating activity of water-soluble extracellular polysaccharide isolated from <i>Rhizobium massiliae</i>

Kim, Joo Won,Lee, Jisun,Yoo, Ah Young,Choi, Ji Won,Park, Yong Il,Park, Jae Kweon Elsevier 2017 PROCESS BIOCHEMISTRY Vol.63 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The aim of this study is to investigate biochemical properties of water-soluble extracellular polysaccharide (WSP) from a novel bacterial strain designated to CA-1 and classified to <I>Rhizobium massiliae</I> by 16S rDNA sequence determination and homology analysis. The main composition of WSP was determined to be glucose by HPAEC. We evaluated immunomodulatory effects of WSP on RAW 264.7 macrophage activation. The results showed that the WSP dose-dependently induced the release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6. In addition, WSP induced nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and increased the production of nitric oxide (NO). Intriguingly, WSP remarkably increased the mRNA expression of Toll-like receptor- 2 (TLR-2) and the phosphorylation of MAPKs (ERK, JNK and p38) in RAW 264.7 cells. These results indicated that WSP activates macrophages to secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines and induces iNOS expression via the activation of the TLR-2/MAPKs signaling pathways. Conclusively, we suggest that WSP of <I>R. massiliae</I> CA-1 can be a new immunomodulatory enhancing the early innate immunity.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A novel bacterial strain CA-1 was isolated and classified to <I>Rhizobium massiliae.</I>. </LI> <LI> Biochemical properties of water-soluble polysaccharide (WSP) were elucidated. </LI> <LI> The WSP induced the pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6. </LI> <LI> The WSP activated macrophages via the TLR-2/MAPKs signaling pathways. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

일반 대학생의 전방 보행 훈련 후 최대 심박수 및 산소 소모량의 변화

김권영,이경일,송지원 한국스포츠리서치 2004 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.15 No.3

The purpose of this study was to determine the maximal cardiopulmonary response of healthy male college students in treadmill forward walking Subjects were composed of fifteen healthy male college students. Maximal heart rate and VO₂max Were determined for each subjects by administering a Bruce treadmill exercise test of the before and after forward walking training for eight weeks, Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to evaluate the changes of the forward walk training, The study showed that maximal heart rate were 170.4 beat/min in pre-training, and 177.0 beats/min in post-training respectively resting heart rate was 71.7 beat/min in pretraining and 68.3beat in post. The maximal oxygen consumption were 2283.3㎖/min, 45.6% in pre-training, and 2736.9㎖/min, 57.3% in post-training. There were significant differences (P<0.05) in maximal heart rate, heart rate ratio of maximal heart rate(% HR), oxygen consumption and oxygen consumption ratio of maximal oxygen consumption(% VO₂max) between the pre and post-training, The total lipid and HDL cholesterol, Triglyceride level were 633.3㎎/㎗, 40.8㎎/㎗, 99.3㎎/㎗ in pre-training, and 510.1㎎/㎗, 57.8㎎/㎗, 85.6㎎/㎗ in post-training and there were significant increased of HDL cholesterol in post-training. We concluded that 7km/hr forward walk training for eight weeks was more effective exercise program to promote health in the college male students.

구강악안면 영역의 수술 시 악하 기관 삽관술의 유용성에 대한 임상적 고찰

김일규,장금수,최진호,오남식,류승현,김재우,정종권 大韓顎顔面成形再建外科學會 2003 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.25 No.2

It is hardto make a decision of what route we will select for endotracheal intubation at open reduction of oral and maxillofacial trauma. In the patients with fractures of multiple facial bones combined with fracture of crainal basal bone, intermaxillary fixtion makes oro-endotracheal intubation impossible. And the possibility of injury to the fracture site of crainal basal bone and the impossibility of reconstruction of naso-orbito-ethmoidal(NOE) complex fractures also make the naso-endotracheal intubation difficult. But it is not easy to select the tracheostomy because of its several complications and abhorrences. For above reson, Altermir introduced submental route for endotracheal intubation as new technique in 1986 and Green etc. modified this technique in 1996. The purpose of this article is to evaluate the efficiency of submental route for endotracheal intubation after experience of 10-clinical cases for variable reasons with review of articles.

한국인의 간과 콩팥조직 내 수은 함유량의 참고치

최병선,박영주,권일훈,홍연표,박정덕 한국환경독성학회 2002 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.17 No.2

This study was conducted to investigate the reference value of mercury (Hg) in liver and kidney of Korean population. The mercury concentration in 244 'sudden and unexpected death' autopsies (male: 180, female: 64) aged from 0 to87 years was analyzed. The concentration of mercury was measured by atomic absorption spec(Perkin -Elmer Model 5100) with mercury/hydride generating system (FIAS 400). The contents of mercury in liver and kidney fitted well the log-normal distribution rather than normal distribution. Geometric mean concentration of mercury in liver and kidney was 0.115 ㎍/g wet weight and 0.149 μg/g wet weight, respectively. Geometric mean concentration of mercury in female was higher than in male (p<0.01). The mercury content in liver and kidney increased with age up to the forties and slightly decreased there-after, The regression model of mercury deposit in liver and kidney by age was predicted as the following equation : Log KHg=-1.0576+0.0045·Age -0.0001·Age²+0.0873·Sex, Log KHg=-1.0576+0.0152·Age-0.0002·Age²+0.1935·Sex. The liver burden of mercury was estimated to be 158.3~161.3μg in male and 163.0-166.9 ㎍ in female. The kidney burden of mercury was estimated to be 42.0~42.9 ㎍ in male and 55.5 ∼57.1 μg in female.

실선시험기법을 이용한 다방향파중에서의 선박의 응답추정법

조효제,강일권,김종철 韓國海洋大學校 附設 海洋科學技術硏究所 1998 硏究論文集 Vol.7 No.-

In this study, the frequency transfer function of motions are predicted from the result of a full-scale seakeeping trials. Because the real sea has the characteristics of multi-directional waves, we compare the results in the one directional waves with ones in the directional waves. For calculation of the frequency transfer function in the directional waves, Takezawa's inverse estimation method was introduced and the frequency ranges were divided into three parts in order to consider following seas. The full-scale seakeeping trials was executed in the south sea of Korea using the stern trawler. Those results show that analysis method of the multi-directional waves is more reliable than that of one directional waves, and confirm the possibility of applying this method to the full-scale seakeeping trials.

한국인의 신장과 간장조직내 카드뮴함유량의 참고치

박정덕,최병선,권일훈,홍연표,장임원 大韓産業醫學會 2000 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.12 No.3

목 적 : 카드뮴은 인체의 물질대사에는 불필요하며 사람에게 발암작용이 있는 유해금속 물질로서체 내에서 축적되는 경향이 있다. 신장과 간장은 카드뮴의 주요 축적 장기로서 일반 인구집단에서 생활환경을 통해 미량의 카드윰에 만성적으로 폭로량을 가장 잘 반영한다. 방 법 : 이번 연구에서는 특별히 카드윰에 폭로된 적이 없는 0∼87세 범위의 부검체 254예(남자:188예, 여자 : 66예)를 대상으로 신장피질과 간장조직내 카드윰량을 분석하여 한국인에 있어서 신장과 간장내 카드윰 함유량의 참고치를 제시하였고, 체내카드뮴 총 부하량을 추정하였다. 결 과 : 한국인의 신장피질과 간장내 카드윰 농도의 기하평균치는 각각 27.4 ㎍/g wet weight와 3.1 ㎍/g wet weight 이었고, 아연의 기하평균치는 신장피질 35.4 ㎍/g wet weight, 간장 42.6 ㎍/g wet weight 이었다. 신장피질내 카드윰 축적량은 간장의 약 9배로서 미량 만성적 폭로시 신장이 주요 축적장기이었다. 한국인에 있어서 연령에 따른 신장피질내 카드윰 축적량은 50대 까지는 증가하다가 이후 감소되는 양상을 나타내었다. 신장피질내 카드뮴 축적량과 연령과는 2차 함수적인 관계를 나타내어 연령별 신장피질내 카드윰 축적량을 추정할 수 있는 예측식이 Log KCd=0.2325+0.0553 · Age-0.0005 · Age2으로 산출되어, 한국인에 있어 신장피질내 카드윰 축적량의 최고 농도는 50.8세에서 43.4 ㎍/g wet weight로 추정되었다. 또한, 신장 피질과 간장내 카드윰 축적량으로부터 산출된 연령에 따른 체내 카드윰 총 부하량의 예측식이 Total Cd Body Burden=-4.5948+1.2278 · Age-0.0121 · Age2로 산출되어, 체내 카드윰 총 부하량은 50.7 세에서 가장 높았으며 이때 26.5mg의 카드뮴이 체내에 축적되는 것으로 추정되었다. 신장피질과 간장에서 아연과 카드윰은 양의 상관이 있어 각각 Log KZn=1.1410+0.2841· Log KCd, Log LBn=1.5016+0.2396 · Log LCd 의 직선회귀관계가 성립되었으며, Cu/Zn비는 조직내 연령별 카드뮴농도와 비슷한 양상을 나타내었다. 결 론 : 이상의 결과에서 나타난 한국인의 카드뮴 폭로량은 일본인에 비해서는 낮았으나, 미국이나 서구지역에 비해서는 비슷하거나 다소 높은 수준으로 평가되었다. Objectives : Cadmium (Cd), a toxic and non-essential metal, is recognized as a human carcinogen, which has a tendency to accumulate In the human body. The levels of Cd in renal cortex and liver are good indicators as an index of Cd exposure in the general popelation. In this study, we present an estimation of reference Cd levels in tissue (renal cortex and liver) and total body burden in the general population of Korea. Methods : Cd and zinc (Zn) were analyzed in renal cortex and liver from 254 autopsies(male : 188 cases, female : 66 cases) aged 0 to 87 years. Results : Geometric mean concentration of Cd was 27.4 and 3.1 ㎍/g wet weight in renal cortex and liver, respectively. The level of Zn in renal cortex and liver was 35.4 and 42.6 ㎍/g wet weight, respectively. The result suggests that kidney is the target organ for Cd accumulation. The accumulation of Cd in renal cortex was age-dependent with a biphasic pattern. The level of Cd in renal cortex increased with age up to the fifties, and then level설 off thereafter. Based on the data, the regression model for Cd accumulation In renal cortex by age is predicted by : Log KCd = 0.2325 + 0.0553 · Age -0.0005 · Age2. The highest Cd accumulation in renal cortex of Koreans was estimated at 43.3 ㎍/g wet weight at 50.8 years old. In addition, the total Cd body burden by age was estimated by the fellowing equation'Total Cd Body Burden = -4.5948 + 1.2278 · Age - 0.0121 Age2. The highest body burden of Cd was estimated at 26.5 mg at age 50.7 years in the Korean general population. The positive correlation between Zn and Cd was observed In renal cortex and liver. Conclusions The level of Cd exposure in Korean was found to be lower than In Japanese, but same as or higher than in American and Europeans.