Risk factors for mortality in patients with bloodstream infections during the pre-engraftment period after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Igor Stoma,Igor Karpov,Natalia Milanovich,Anatoly Uss,Igor Iskrov 대한혈액학회 2016 Blood Research Vol.51 No.2

BackgroundBloodstream infections (BSI) remain a frequent complication during the pre-engraftment period after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), resulting in high mortality rates. This study evaluated risk factors for mortality in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients with BSI in the pre-engraftment period.MethodsThis prospective case control study was performed at the Center of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation in Minsk, Republic of Belarus. Data relating to patient age and gender, date and type of transplantation, conditioning chemotherapy regimen, micro-organisms isolated from blood, and antibacterial therapy were prospectively collected from all hematopoietic stem cell recipients with microbiologically proven cases of BSI in the pre-engraftment period. The primary outcome was all-cause 30-day mortality after onset of febrile neutropenia. ResultsA total of 135 adult patients with microbiologically proven BSI after HSCT were studied, with 65.2% of cases caused by gram-negative microorganisms and 21.5% by non-fer-menting bacteria. Inadequate empiric antibacterial therapy and isolation of carbape-nem-resistant non-fermenting gram-negative bacteria (Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) were independently associated with increased all-cause 30-day mortality in these patients. ConclusionThe risk factors for mortality in adult patients with BSI in the pre-engraftment period after HSCT were inadequacy of empirical antibacterial therapy and isolation of carbapenem-re-sistant A. baumannii or P. aeruginosa.

Growth and Tolerance Assessment of a Lutein-fortified Infant Formula

Igor Ya. Kon,Maria V. Gmoshinskaya,Adilya I. Safronova,Pedro Alarcon,Yvan Vandenplas 대한소아소화기영양학회 2014 Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition Vol.17 No.2

Purpose: To evaluate safety, gastrointestinal tolerance, and growth of a new experimental starter formula (NESF) fortified with lutein, prebiotics, probiotics, nucleotides and beta-carotene, fed to infants within the first months of life. Methods: This was a non-randomized, open, uncontrolled study conducted from December 2010 to May 2011. Twenty-three healthy infants aged 10 days to 2 months old were enrolled. Outcomes included gastrointestinal tolerance, physical growth and safety. Prior to the initiation of the trial, the Scientific Research Institute of Nutrition of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences confirmed that the NESF met all safety and nutritional parameters. Results: NESF was well tolerated. The majority of infants fed this formula passed semi-liquid, yellow or yellow-brown. The mean stool frequency/day was 2.5±0.4 on study-day 14 and 1.8±0.5 on study-day 28. The mean daily weight gain was 30.9±3.8 grams and the mean length gain during the 28 days of follow up was 3.1±0.8 cm, corresponding to the average physical growth normally seen in the first months of life in Russian infants. Six children left the study: one refused to drink the formula, one left the study as parents changed residence; and one child’s parents have recalled their informed consent due to adverse event unrelated to the product. Three infants presented adverse events possibly related to the product (rash; colic and abdominal pain; constipation). Seventeen infants completed the trial. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that lutein-fortified formula is safe, well-tolerated and supported physical growth of evaluated infants.

SIMULATION OF OSCILATIONS OF A BEAM AT RANDOM VIBROLOADING

Igor N. Ovchinnikov 한국소음진동공학회 2008 한국소음진동공학회 국제학술대회논문집 Vol.2008 No.7

攻擊精神의 重要性

Igor D. Gerhardt,도종식 해군대학 1982 海洋戰略 Vol.- No.17

현재 개발중인 보병 및 기갑용 전투차량은 이러한 요구조건을 만족시켜야 한다. 그러나 이 분야에 대한 것을 깊이 연구함에 따라 전차와 인원수송용 장갑차의 가장 적합한 배합에 도달할지 모른다. 이러한 결과로 기갑부대(Tankfantry)의 차량은 고도의 기동성과 광범위한 대전차 능력을 보유하고 대인무기와 장갑파괴용 무기를 보유한 4~6명 정도의 보병을 수송할 것이다. 당연히 이러한 관념은 일부 사람들에게는 엄청난 분노와 저항을 갖게 할 것이다. 결국 장갑부대와 보병부대의 임무변화는 획기적인 단계로서 우리들은 그 영향으로 방대한 이익을 얻게 된다. 경량화와 신속화는 변화라고 할 수는 없지만 군 전체의 발전을 위하여 편협한 주장은 버려야 한다. 변화를 받아들이는 것은 말이 쉽지 행동에 옮기는 것은 어렵다. 그렇지만 미래의 서구전쟁터에서 승리를 위한다면 실제로 우리가 계획한 바를 현 시점에서 과감히 개선하고 희생을 치루어야 한다. 최초의 개선사항으로 가장 쉽게 이루어질 수 있는 것은 전국위원회가 공격부대에는 더욱 공격력을 향상시키고 방어부대에도 공격력을 부여하도록 허용해야 할 것이다. 요약해서 말하면, 재래식 전쟁의 역사는 현재와 미래의 전술가들에게 교리상의 교훈을 제공한다. 가장 중요한 교훈은 자체군의 구성비에서 방어에 집중 투입해서는 안 된다는 것이다. 반면에 용감하고 대단한 공격의 모든 기술을 찾아내야 한다. 필승육군의 기반은 그의 공격능력에 있고 지금이야말로 이 점을 깨달아야 할 시기이다. 최종적인 분석의 결론은 군사력의 규모가 성공의 필수요건이 아니라는 것이다. Frederick 대왕은 신은 큰 부대쪽에 있다고 했지만 많은 역사적 사실이 그가 틀렸음을 증명해주었다. 사실은 Mashal Maurice de Saxe의 지론인 “전쟁의 승리는 대규모의 군대가 아니라 양질의 군대”라고 보는 것이 더 정확할 것이다.

Enhancing Situational Awareness by means of Hybrid Adaptive Neural Control of Vertical Flight in Unmanned Helicopter

Igor Astrov,Andrus Pedai 제어로봇시스템학회 2008 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2008 No.10

This paper focuses on a critical component of the situational awareness, the neural control of autonomous vertical flight for an unmanned aerial vehicle. Autonomous vertical flight is a challenging but important task for tactical unmanned aerial vehicles to achieve high level of autonomy under adverse conditions. The fundamental requirement for vertical flight is the knowledge of the height above the ground, and a properly designed controller to govern the process. With the situational awareness strategy, we proposed a two stage flight control procedure using two adaptive neural networks to address the dynamics variation and performance requirement difference in initial and final stages of flight trajectory for a nontrivial small-scale helicopter model comprising five states, two inputs and two outputs. This control strategy for chosen helicopter model has been verified by simulation of descending and landing manoeuvres using software package Simulink and demonstrated good performance for fast situational awareness in real-time search-and-rescue operations.

Depth Control of an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle in Situational Awareness a Mission

Igor Astrov,Ennu Rustern 제어로봇시스템학회 2009 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2009 No.8

This paper focuses on a critical component of the situational awareness (SA), the neural control of depth flight of an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV). Constant depth flight is a challenging but important task for AUVs to achieve high level of autonomy under adverse conditions. The fundamental requirement for constant depth flight is the knowledge of the depth, and a properly designed controller to govern the process. With the SA strategy, we proposed a two stage depth control procedure using two adaptive neural networks to address the dynamics variation and performance requirement difference in various stages of AUV’ trajectory for a nontrivial mid-small size AUV “2D4” model. Two adaptive neural network controllers are designed for fast and stable diving maneuvers of this AUV model. This hybrid control strategy for chosen AUV model has been verified by simulation of diving maneuvers using software package Simulink and demonstrated good performance for fast SA in real-time search-and-rescue operations.

CCL2 Chemokine as a Potential Biomarker for Prostate Cancer: A Pilot Study

Igor Tsaur,Anika Noack,Jasmina Makarevic,Elsie Oppermann,Ana Maria Waaga-Gasser,Martin Gasser,Hendrik Borgmann,Tanja Huesch,Kilian M. Gust,Michael Reiter,David Schilling,Georg Bartsch,Axel Haferkamp,R 대한암학회 2015 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.47 No.2

Purpose Prostate specific antigen is not reliable in diagnosing prostate cancer (PCa), making theidentification of novel, precise diagnostic biomarkers important. Since chemokines areassociated with more aggressive disease and poor prognosis in diverse malignancies, weaimed to investigate the diagnostic relevance of chemokines in PCa. Materials and MethodsPreoperative and early postoperative serum samples were obtained from 39 consecutivePCa patients undergoing radical prostatectomy. Serum from 15 healthy volunteers servedas controls. Concentrations of CXCL12, CXCL13, CX3CL1, CCL2, CCL5, and CCL20 weremeasured in serum by Luminex. The expression activity of CXCR3, CXCR4, CXCR5, CXCR7,CXCL12, CXCL13, CX3CR1, CXCL1, CCR2, CCR5, CCR6, CCR7, CCL2, and CCL5 mRNA wasassessed in tumor and adjacent normal tissue of prostatectomy specimens by quantitativereal-time polymerase chain reaction. The associations of these chemokines with clinicaland histological parameters were tested. ResultsThe gene expression activity of CCL2 and CCR6 was significantly higher in tumor tissuecompared to adjacent normal tissue. CCL2 was also significantly higher in the blood samplesof PCa patients, compared to controls. CCL5, CCL20, and CX3CL1 were lower in patientserum, compared to controls. CCR2 tissue mRNA was negatively correlated with the Gleasonscore and grading. ConclusionChemokines are significantly modified during tumorigenesis of PCa, and CCL2 is a promisingdiagnostic biomarker.

An Elastic Deformation Model of High-speed Spindle Units

Igor Aexeevich Zverev,In-Ung Eun,Young-Kug Hwang,Won Jee Chung,Choon Man Lee 한국정밀공학회 2006 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.7 No.3

This paper presents an elastic deformation model of a spindle unit (S/U), which takes into account the non-linear properties of high-speed ball bearings (particularly the effect of high rotational speed). For this, a software for the estimation of the S/U elastic deformation properties was developed and intended for use by S/U designers. A computer aided analysis of the model using the developed software was carried out and experiments showed the significant effect of rotational speed, cutting load and bearing axial preload, and showed some new phenomena, from which the criteria for the choice of bearing axial preload is given.

Simulation of Run-out caused by Imperfection of Ball Bearing for High-speed Spindle Units

Igor Aexeevich Zverev,In-Ung Eun,Won-Jee Chung,Choon-Man Lee 한국정밀공학회 2006 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.7 No.3

For the purpose to improve and to automate designing of high-speed spindle units (SU's), we have developed the mathematical models and software to estimate SU performance characteristics, including the run-out of spindles running on ball bearings. In order to understand better the mechanics of high-speed SUs, the dynamic interaction of ball bearings and SU, and the influence of the bearing imperfections and SU's operational conditions on the run-out, we have carried out computer simulation and experimental studies. Through the study of SU's, we have found out that run-out of SU can vary drastically with variation of rpm. The influences of rotation speed and of accuracy parameters of bearings on the SU accuracy have the greatest importance. The influence of bearing preload has a secondary importance. Comparison of the results of these studies has demonstrated adequacy of the models and software developed to the real SU's.

The First Russo-Chinese Allied Treaty of 1896

Igor V. L UKOIANOV 고려대학교 한국사연구소 2007 International Journal of Korean History Vol.11 No.-

이 글은 러시아와 청의 대외정책이라는 맥락에서 1986년 러-청 조약의 준비 과정과 그 결과를 다루었다. 특히 두 나라가 이 조약을 통해 여러 가지 다양한 이익을 추구하였음을 밝히고자 하였다. 러시아의 입장에서 볼 때 러-청 조약은 러시아가 극동아시아에서 유리한 고지를 차지할 수 있는 기회였던 한편 경제적인 측면에서도 팽창(재정장관 S. lu. Witte의 계획)할 수 있는 기회였다. 그러나 청은 일본에 함께 대항할 수 있는 동맹국으로서 러시아를 택하였으며, 결국 러-청 조약은 잠재적으로 적이될 수 있는 나라들 간의 책략이었던 셈이다. 이 글에서는 특히 조약 체결과정에서 나타나는 청의 능동적인 외교책에 초점을 두었다. 러시아와의 연합과 관련한 청 조정내의 투쟁을 살펴 보기위해 카시니 조약(Cassini Convention) 등을 다루었다.