제주도 서부 연안역의 용승

방익찬,김태희 濟州大學校海洋硏究所 1993 해양과환경연구소 연구논문집 Vol.17 No.-

제주도 서부연안역의 수직 수온 염분분포의 특성은 상층용승형과 하층침강형이며 겨울철과 여릉철에는 뚜렷하지 않으나 년중 나타나는 것으로 보인다. 이런한 형태는 해류가 북상하며 오히려 약화되는 듯이 보이며, 관측 전에 북풍이 계속 불었던 11월에는 용승효과가 매우 커 저층침강형태는 사라지고 저층까지 용승형태가 나타난다. 바람은 모든 계절의 용승현ㄴ상을 설명하지는 못하지만 용승효과는 가장 큰 것으로 보이며, 시계방향의 흐름에 의한 와도변화로 용승을 설명하는 것에는 몇가지 문제점이 있다. 첫째, 하층침강이 설명되지 않으며, 둘째, 해류가 흐르며 용승효과가 약화되는 것을 설명하기 어렵고, 셋째, 그효과가 관측에 비해 너무 작은 것이다. 제주도 서부연안역의 상층용승형과 하층침강형은 해류가 간격이 넓어지는 등수심선을 따라 흐르면서 생기는 상층발산과 이를 보충하려는 하층수렴에 의해, 상층에는(-), 하층에는 (+)와도가 유도되어 발생하는 것으로 보인다. The characteristics of the vertical temperature and salinity distributions in the western sea of Cheju Island is a upper-upwelling and lower-downwelling feature. Although it is not clear in winter and summer seasons, it seems to be continued through the year. The feature is likely to be weaker, as waters flow north. The upwelling feature was very strong in November, when northerly winds had been blowing for 10 days before the observation, so that it reached to the bottom andthe lower-downwelling feature disappeared then. The year-lasting upwelling feature can not be explained by only winds, but, the effect of winds seems to be the strongest. There are acouple of problems in the explanation of upwelling by negative vorticity due to clockwise flows. First, it can not explain the lower-downwelling feature. Second, it is hard to explain why the feature is weaken, as waters flow north. Third, its estimated effect is so small compared to the observations. The upper-upwelling and lower-downwelling feature may be caused by negative vorticity in the upper layer and positive vorticity in the lower layer. Such a vorticity variation can be driven when waters flow along the isobates of which widths are widening. It will be followed by horizontal divergence in the uper layer and horizontal convergence in the lower layer.

황해와 동중국해에서 해수면의 장주기 변화와 대륙붕파

방익찬 제주대학교 해양연구소 1995 해양자원연구소연구보고 Vol.19 No.-

제주도 북서해역의 해수분포와 해수순환

방익찬,김태희,노홍길 濟州大學校海洋硏究所 1994 해양과환경연구소 연구논문집 Vol.18 No.-

On the northwestern sea of Cheju Island, which is important to clarifying the circulation structure of the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea, the circulation has been studied through analyzing the seasonal variation of water mass distributions. The data were observed in February and June, 1994. The water mass distributions in February show that Yellow Sea Warm Water (YSWW) flows into the Yellow Sea through the southern sea of Sohuksando (which can be deduced from it's wide distributions to the west), and Yellow Sea Cold Water (YSCW) flows southward through Taehuksando area between Sohuksando and the korean Peninsula. On the other hand, the water mass distributions in June show that Yellow Sea Bottom Cold Water (YSBCW) flow southward to the southern sea of Sohuksando (YSWW disappeared and YSBCW occupies the area) and YSWW flows into the Yellow Sea through Taehuksando area (the characteristics of water mass on Taehuksando area are linked to those of YSWW, not to those of YSBCW) The results agree with the circulation structure presented by Pang et al. (1992) that northly winds in winter season drive southward flows along the coasts and northward flows along the Yellow Sea trough while southly winds in summer season drive northward flows along the coasts and southward flows along the Yellow Sea trough, so that YSWW flows into the Yellow Sea along the Yellow Sea trough in winter and along the western cosat of Korean Peninsula in summer.

M₂-Set 에서 choice에 관한 연구

김익성 尙志大學校 生産技術硏究所 1998 生産技術論叢 Vol.6 No.-

A topos satisfying the axiom of choice is a Boolean topos. Since the topos M₂- Set is Non-Boolean, the axiom of choice is false. Hence we can find a weak forms of the axiom of choice in the topos M₂- Set. Therefore we show that in the topos M₂- Set, which is not Boolean, there exists an epimorphism that have not a right inverse, that is, axiom of choice is false in the topos M₂- Set. Also we show that decidable epimorphism and separated epimorphism have a right inverse in the topos M₂- Set.

황해와 동지나해 해수 순환에 대한 바람의 영향

방익찬,김태희 제주대학교 1990 논문집 Vol.31 No.-

In the East China Sea, the distributions of Kuroshio system waters are extended in the north-west direction in winter, to the entrance of the Yellow Sea, and withdrawn in the south-east direction in summer, to the south and east seas of Cheju Island. This seasonal variations seem to be related with the seasonal variations of Tsushima water transport in the Korea strait. The analyses on the seasonal salinity variations in the north-west seas of Cheju Island show the necessity of water flows to and from the Yellow Sea. This could give a clue to the present arguments of the existence of Yellow Sea Warm Current in winter and also of the south-extension of Yellow Sea Bottom Cold Water in summer. As upwind flows driven by seasonal wind, the water flows to and from the Yellow Sea drive another circulation in the East China Sea and thus result in the seasonal variations of water distributions.

스피노자의 '참된 觀念'에 관한 小考

김익현 건국대학교 1993 대학원 학술논문집 Vol.37 No.-

It is generally thought that compared with Spinoza's metaphysics, his epistemological questions play a subordinate role in his philosophy. However, in fact, his metaphysical statements were not an end in itself, but rather a necessary first step in the acquisition of knowledge regarding the nature of the human mind. A matter of primary concern of Spinoza was how we can have the true knowledge(idea) and come to the highest blessedness. It is Spinoza's epistemology that justifies his metaphysical statement and, at the same time, prescribes the nature of the human highest blessedness. Making a study of the Spinoza's epistemology, first of all, it is Spinoza's use of the word "idea" that leads us to confusion. Therefore, I make clear the meaning of idea in Spinoza and study the (external and internal) character of the true idea. And I would also like to study how the human being as the finite mode can have true idea, and remedy the mutilated and confused ideas.

스피노자에게 있어서의 보편자문제

김익현 건국대학교 1994 대학원 학술논문집 Vol.38 No.-

The Problem of universals is one of essential problem for spinoza interpretation. Generakky, Spinoza is conceived to be a realist who admits the reality of universals. But we can observe traces of nominalistic thought in Spinoza, so he is regarded as a nominalist by scholars. It is clearly deductive that Spinoza´s method knowledge begins with God and the general axioms and definitions and proceeds to particular things. His rejection of the notiones universales and his using of the essentia particularis for each thing is clearly nominalistic. If one is affirmed, the other is, by definition, denied. Making clear notiones universales and notiones communes communes, and then the meaning od rei singularis essentia, I would like to study why the tension between realism and nominalism happened in Spinoza, what role realism and nominalism play in his thought.

제주도 북서해역의 해수분포의 계절변화와 여름철의 황해난류

방익찬,이재학,노홍길 濟州大學校海洋硏究所 1995 해양과환경연구소 연구논문집 Vol.19 No.-

제주도 서방해역에서 1994년 2월 17∼18일, 6월 20∼22일, 9월 6∼15일에 관측한 CTD 자료와 제주대학교에서 고나측한 기종의 자료를 분석하여 해수분포와 해수순환의 계절변화를 알아보았다. 겨울철에는 대마난류수가 제주도 연안역을 중심으로 제주도 서방해역에서 제주해협으로 연결되어 분포하고 있으며 대마난류수가 제주도 서방해역을 지나 모두 제주해협으로 유출되고 있다. 황해낸수는 소흑산도 이남해역까지 분포하며 한반도 서해안을 따라 남하하는 구조를 보인다. 황해난류수는 대마난류수와 황해냉수 사이에 분포하며 소흑산도 서쪽해역을 지나 황해중앙부를 통해 황해로 유입되는 형태를 보인다. 여름철에는 표층에 대마난류수는 보이지 않으며, 31‰정도의 저염수가 나타나 양자강연안수의 영향이 6월에 이미 시작되었음을 보여 준다. 이러한 저염수는 남서해역에서 제주해협까지 나타나있다. 한편, 대흑산도 부근의 한반도 남서 연안에는 비교적 차고 높은 염분의 해수가 분포한다. 저층의 황해저층냉수는 황해중앙부를 통해 남하하며 황해난류수를 제주 근해로 압박하는 분포를 보인다. 자료분석 결과는 대흑산도 부근 해역의 해수기둥이 갖는 높은 염분은 이남의 고염수의 공급을 받아야만이 가능하며, 하천수 유입의 영향을 받지 않는 수심의 수온분포를 보면 황해난류수가 제주도 해역에서 대흑산도 해역으로 유입되고 있는 것이 보인다. 황해난류수가 서해안을 따라 황해로 유입되는 형태는 바람이 강할 때만 간헐적으로 나타나는 현상일 수도 있으나 순환구조의 가능성을 보여주었다는 점에서 매우 귀중한 결과이다. 이러한 결과는 Pang et al.(1992)에 의해 제시된 겨울철에 연안을 따라 남하하고 황해의 깊은 골을 따라서는 북상하며, 여름철에 연안을 따라 북상하고 황해의 깊은골을 따라서는 남하하는 계절순환의 구조를 뒷받침해 준다. With CTD data observed on the north western sea of Cheju Island in Feb. 17∼18, Jun. 20∼22, Sep. 6∼15, 1994, and CNU(Cheju National University) data observed previously, the seasonal variation of water mass distribution and circulation are studied. In winter, Tsushima Warm Water(TWW) is distributed near Cheju-do from the western sea of Cheju-do to the Cheju Strait, and totally flows to the Cheju Strait. Yellow Sea Cold Water(YSCW) is distributed over the western coast of Korean Peninsula down to the southern sea of Soheuksan-do, and flows southward along the western coast of Korean Peninsula. Yellow Sea Warm Water(TSWW) is distributed between TWW and YSCW, and flows into the central Yellow Sea through the western sea of Soheuksan-do. In summer, the upper and lower layers show different distributions. In uper layer, TWW disappears and less saline water of down to 31‰appears, which shows that the influence of Yangtze Coastal Water already begins in June. The low salinity water is distributed from the western sea off Cheju-do to the Cheju Strait. On the southwestern coast of Korean Peninsula near Taeheuksan-do, relatively cold and saline water is distributed. In the lower layer, Yellow Sea Bottom Cold Water(YSBCW) southeasterly expands from the central Yellow Sea and pushs YSWW to Cheju-do. The result of data analysis shows that the homogeneously saline water column in the cold water area is possible only by the northward supply of southern saline water. According to the temperature distribution of deep layer, which is less influenced by river runoff, YSWW flows northward along the western coast of Korean Peninsula from the adjacent sea of Cheju-do. YSWW's influx along the western coast of Korean Peninsula in summer might appear intermittently, however, the possibility itself is important at present. The result agrees with the seasonal circulation structure presented by Pang et al.(1992) : in winter, southward folw along the coast and southward flow along the central Yellow Sea.

현대시에 나타난 '탕자의 비유' 모티프

신익호 현대문학이론학회 2005 現代文學理論硏究 Vol.0 No.24

'Metaphor of Prodigal' includes meaning about recognition and maturity of a person about ego and world as a motif of 'Voyage archetype' of 'runaway-trial-return'. First, 「Voyage of Butterfly」 by Jung Han-mo shows recognition to the world and ego, and the process of a person's spiritual maturity through the narrative structure of 'metaphor of prodigal'. The reason that the baby as a prodigal leaves his/her house is for pursuit of idea, not for comfortable real life. And the trial and pain is a opportunity to establish self-identity by give shape to the spiritual maturity of a person. Second, 「Holy Possession」 by Ku Sang shows a prodigal become new person. He/She recognize love and pleasure from daily life, everything and neighbors. The pleasure is holy thing, and the spiritual state cannot compare with worldly desires. Third, 「Again Midangli」 by Oh Jang-whan and 「Fulling Cloth」 by Her Young-Ja are all don't have concrete narrative process but focused by love of mother. The mother gives endless love and forgiveness with waiting like a father of prodigal. In the 「Again Midangli」, the speaker pursuit ideal space as a exit from real world, but he/she cannot settle in there. And finally return to the world of mother and hometown that could recover his/her identity. In the 「Fulling Cloth」, the persona confess honestly wandering of past life. The love and waiting of mother makes it possible.

직접분사식 디젤기관의 연소실 형상에 따른 연소과정의 화상분석

최익수,방중철 금오공과대학교 산업기술개발연구원 2000 産業技術開發硏究 Vol.16 No.-

In this study, the observation window was installed in the piston head of single cylinder that four stroke engine was remodeled into two stroke engine and its the combustion process was observed by the high speed video camera. The piston cavity configurations of four kinds, which consider the effects of the growth of the fuel spray and air flow, were made and the progress process of combustion flame was analyzed at engine speed 1100 rpm as varying scavenging pressure. As a result of experiment, we found out that the piston configuration of deep dish type is easy to diffuse combustion flame from piston cavity to compression clearance and the piston configuration of re-entrant type is easy to form ignition nuclei. According to increasing scavenging pressure, we saw that the growth progress of combustion flame is increased in all the piston configurations. We could find out the optimum configuration of combustion chamber.