INS/GPS 통합에 따른 관성 센서 에러율 감소 방법

Iftikhar Khan,백승현(Seunghyun Baek),박경린(Gyungleen Park),강성민(Sungmin Kang),이연석(Yeonseok Lee),정태경(Taikyeong Jeong) 대한전자공학회 2009 電子工學會論文誌-SC (System and control) Vol.46 No.3

GPS 와 INS 통합시스템은 저가 MEMS 기술의 결과에 따라 대중적으로 널리 사용되기에 이르렀다. 그러나 저가센서에 의한 현재의 성과는 관성센서의 큰 에러 때문에 여전히 낮은 실정이다. 이것은 제한된 도시환경 안에서의 비행범위 때문에 더욱 관련이 있다. 이러한 관성센서 에러를 줄이면서 동시에 위성의 활용성을 높이기 위하여 GPS 와 저가 INS 는 연성으로 결합되어 Kalman Filter 설계를 응용하여 상호 통합되어진다. 본 논문에서는 연성으로 결합된 Kalman Filter를 이용한 GPS/INS 센서 통합을 제공한다. 우리는 또한 경로의 기하학에 의해 또는 그 목적 시간 위치 따라 수학적으로 설명하는 ZH45C 궤도장치에 의한 산출된 기준 Wander Azimuth Strapdown Mechanization의 시뮬레이터 결과를 비교하여 검증하다. GPS and INS integrated systems are expected to become commonly available as a result of low cost Micro-Electro-Mechanical Sensor (MEMS) techNoogy. However, the current performance achieved by low cost sensors is still relatively poor due to the large inertial sensor errors. This is particularly prevalent in the urban environment where there are significant periods of restricted sky view. To reduce the inertial sensor error, GPS and low cost INS are integrated using a Loosely Coupled Kalman Filter architecture which is appropriate in most applications where there is good satellite availability. In this paper, we present the GPS/INS sensor Integration using Loosely Coupled Kalman Filter approach. We also compare the simulation results of Wander Azimuth Strapdown Mechanization Scheme with the reference values generated by the ZH35C trajectory simulator that is describe mathematically either by the geometry of the path, or as the position of the object over time.

Controlled synthesis and growth mechanism of zinc cobalt sulfide rods on Ni-foam for high-performance supercapacitors

Iftikhar Hussain,Charmaine Lamiel,Saad Gomaa Mohamed,수부칼라이비자야쿠마르,Awais Ali,심재진 한국공업화학회 2019 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.71 No.-

Rod-like zinc cobalt sulfide (ZCS) with controlled uniform structure was synthesized using a single-stephydrothermal method and its growth mechanism was investigated. A ZCS-based electrode showed anultrahigh capacitance of 2,418 F g 1 (967 C g 1) at 1 A g 1 with a good cycling stability of 83% after 10,000cycles. Moreover, an asymmetric ZCS-12//activated carbon supercapacitor, exhibited a high capacitanceof 142 F g 1 (227 C g 1) at 0.5 A g 1 and a high energy density of 51 Wh kg 1 and a high power density of8 kW kg 1, highlighting the next generation high performance supercapacitors.

Prediction of Catenary Action Capacity of RC Beam-Column Substructures under a Missing Column Scenario Using Evolutionary Algorithm

Iftikhar Azim,Jian Yang,Muhammad Farjad Iqbal,Zafar Mahmood,Muhammad Faisal Javed,Feiliang Wang,Qing-feng Liu 대한토목학회 2021 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.25 No.3

Catenary action plays crucial role in resisting the applied vertical load at large deformations stage in reinforced concrete (RC) structures. This paper aims to predict the catenary action capacity of RC beam-column substructures by utilizing the distinctive properties of gene expression programming (GEP). The input parameters selected for the modelling are: double-beam span-to-depth ratio, relative axial restraints stiffness, relative rotational restraints stiffness, bottom and top longitudinal reinforcement ratios, and yield strength of longitudinal rebars. A comprehensive and reliable database was collated from internationally published research articles to develop and verify the model. The GEP-based model was assessed by comparing its performance with regression based model. Various statistical indicators and external validation criteria suggested in literature proved that the model is accurate and possess high prediction and generalization capacity. Sensitivity analysis was carried out to show the contributions of the input parameters, while parametric analysis was performed to show that the proposed model is not merely a combination of the input parameters but can accurately represent the given physical system. The proposed formulation from GEP is found to be simple, robust, and easy to utilize for pre-design purposes.

Evaluation of the air pollution tolerance index of ornamentals growing in an industrial area compared to a less polluted area

Iftikhar Ahmad,Bilal Abdullah,John Martin Dole,Muhammad Shahid,Khurram Ziaf 한국원예학회 2019 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.60 No.4

The aim of this study was to compare the ability to absorb various air pollutants of common roadside ornamental plants growing in an industrial center of Faisalabad, Pakistan, with that of ornamental plants growing at University of Agriculture, Main Campus, Faisalabad, Pakistan. Leaf samples of 17 plant species were collected from both locations and four physiological and biochemical parameters, i.e., relative water content, leaf extract pH, total chlorophyll content, and ascorbic acid content, were assessed. The air pollution tolerance index (APTI) was calculated from the obtained values. The results demonstrated the substantial impact of pollutants on the APTI; most of the tested plants grown at the industrial site had a higher APTI than those grown on the campus. Among the tested ornamental plant species, Hibiscus rosa - sinensis (9.8) had the highest APTI value, which was similar to Alstonia scholaris (9.4), Bougainvillea spectabilis (9.6), Morus nigra (9.5), Murraya exotica (9.0), and Nerium oleander (9.0) at the industrial location, while at the campus, B. spectabilis (7.2) had the highest APTI value, which was similar to Ficus benjamina (6.5), H. rosa - sinensis (6.6), Lagerstroemia indica (6.6), and Nerium oleander (6.5). However, Duranta repens , Melia azedarach , and Tecoma stans had the lowest APTI values at both locations, with values of 6.6, 7.5, and 7.7 at the industrial location and 5.5, 5.5, and 5.6 at the campus, respectively. Moreover, Alstonia scholaris , H. rosa - sinensis , and M. nigra had the highest relative diff erence in APTI between the two sites, with diff erences of 3.7, 3.2, and 3.2, respectively. In summary, among 17 ornamental species, A. scholaris , B. spectabilis , H. rosa - sinensis , L. indica , M. nigra , and N. oleander are the most desirable for planting around industrial zones on the basis of APTI and can be used as bio-monitors of environmental pollutants in industrial zones.

Synergic influence of MWCNTs and SiC nanoparticles on the microstructure and properties of Al2O3 ceramic hybrid nanocomposites

Iftikhar Ahmad,Sharjeel Ahmed,Tayyab Subhani,Khalid Saeed,Mohammad Islam,Nannan Wang,Yanqiu Zhu 한국물리학회 2016 Current Applied Physics Vol.16 No.12

Synergic role of 2 wt% MWCNTs and 5 wt% SiC nanoparticles on the structure and properties of the hybrid alumina nanocomposites fabricated through fast sintering route was studied. The hybrid nanocomposite demonstrated fourfold reduced grain size with substantial improvement in fracture toughness (110%) and hardness (30%) against bench-marked monolithic Al2O3. Fine-grained microstructure and the harder SiC nanoparticles led hybrid nanocomposite to superior hardness while better toughness was attributed to the synergic toughening mechanisms induced by the 0D SiC nanoparticles and 1DMWCNTs. The stability of MWCNTs and SiC nanoparticles and their interfaces with Al2O3 matrix were appraised by combined electron microscopes.

Identification of hub genes and their SNP analysis in West Nile virus infection for designing therapeutic methodologies using RNA-Seq data

Iftikhar Aslam Tayubi,Ahmad Firoz,Omar M. Barukab,Adeel Malik 한국유전학회 2015 Genes & Genomics Vol.37 No.8

The West Nile virus (WNV) infections are generally asymptomatic and are considered as immediate concerns of biodefense due to the lack of any therapeutic remedies. In this work, we created an interaction network of 1159 differentially expressed genes to detect potential hub genes from WNV infected primary human macrophages. We go on to explore the genetic variations that can alter the expression and function of identified hub genes (HCLS1, SLC15A3, HCK, and LY96) using the PROVEAN Protein Batch tool and PolyPhen-2. Community analysis of the network revealed that these clusters were enriched in GO terms such as inflammatory response and regulation of proliferation. Analysis of hub genes can aid in determining their degree of conservation and may help us in understanding their functional roles in biological systems. The nsSNPs proposed in this work may be further targeted through experimental methods for improving treatment towards the infection of WNV.

Access Management Using Knowledge Based Multi Factor Authentication In Information Security

Iftikhar, Umar,Asrar, Kashif,Waqas, Maria,Ali, Syed Abbas International Journal of Computer ScienceNetwork S 2021 International journal of computer science and netw Vol.21 No.7

Today, both sides of modern culture are decisively invaded by digitalization. Authentication is considered to be one of the main components in keeping this process secure. Cyber criminals are working hard in penetrating through the existing network channels to encounter malicious attacks. When it comes to enterprises, the company's information is a major asset. Question here arises is how to protect the vital information. This takes into account various aspects of a society often termed as hyper connected society including online communication, purchases, regulation of access rights and many more. In this research paper, we will discuss about the concepts of MFA and KBA, i.e., Multi-Factor Authentication and Knowledge Based Authentication. The purpose of MFA and KBA its utilization for human.to.everything..interactions, offering easy to be used and secured validation mechanism while having access to the service. In the research, we will also explore the existing yet evolving factor providers (sensors) used for authenticating a user. This is an important tool to protect data from malicious insiders and outsiders. Access Management main goal is to provide authorized users the right to use a service also preventing access to illegal users. Multiple techniques can be implemented to ensure access management. In this paper, we will discuss various techniques to ensure access management suitable for enterprises, primarily focusing/restricting our discussion to multifactor authentication. We will also highlight the role of knowledge-based authentication in multi factor authentication and how it can make enterprises data more secure from Cyber Attack. Lastly, we will also discuss about the future of MFA and KBA.

Diversity in Betasatellites Associated with Cotton Leaf Curl Disease During Source-To-Sink Movement Through a Resistant Host

Iftikhar Ali Khan,Khalid Pervaiz Akhtar,Fazal Akbar,Ishtiaq Hassan,Imran Amin,Muhammad Saeed,Shahid Mansoor 한국식물병리학회 2016 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.32 No.1

Cotton leaf curl is devastating disease of cotton characterized by leaf curling, vein darkening and enations. The disease symptoms are induced by DNA satellite known as Cotton leaf curl Multan betasatellite (CLCuMuB), dominant betasatellite in cotton but another betasatellite known as Chili leaf curl betasatellite (ChLCB) is also found associated with the disease. Grafting experiment was performed to determine if host plant resistance is determinant of dominant population of betasatellite in cotton (several distinct strains of CLCuMuB are associated with the disease). Infected scion of Gossypium hirsutum collected from field (the source) was grafted on G. arboreum, a diploid cotton species, resistant to the disease. A healthy scion of G. hirsutum (sink) was grafted at the top of G. arboreum to determine the movement of virus/betasatellite to upper susceptible scion of G. hirsutum. Symptoms of disease appeared in the upper scion and presence of virus/betasatellite in the upper scion was confirmed via molecular techniques, showing that virus/betasatellite was able to move to upper scion through resistant G. arboreum. However, no symptoms appeared on G. arboreum. Betasatelites were cloned and sequenced from lower scion, upper scion and G. arboreum which show that the lower scion contained both CLCuMuB and ChLCB, however only ChLCB was found in G. arboreum. The upper scion contained CLCuMuB with a deletion of 78 nucleotides (nt) in the non-coding region between Arich sequence and βC1 gene and insertion of 27 nt in the middle of βC1 ORF. This study may help in investigating molecular basis of resistance in G. arboreum.

Proliposome powder or tablets for generating inhalable liposomes using a medical nebulizer

Khan Iftikhar,Yousaf Sakib,Najlah Mohammad,Ahmed Waqar,Elhissi Abdelbary 한국약제학회 2021 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.51 No.1

Purpose The aim of this study was to develop and compare proliposome powder and proliposome tablet formulations for drug delivery from a Pari-LC Sprint nebulizer. Methods Proliposome powders were prepared by the slurry method and sorbitol or mannitol carbohydrate carrier were used in a 1:10 and 1:15 w/w lipid phase to carrier ratio. Beclometasone dipropionate (BDP; 2 mol%) was incorporated in the lipid phase. Proliposome powders were compressed into tablets, and liposomes were generated from proliposome powders or tablets within the nebulizer reservoir for subsequent aerosolization. Results Comparatively, shorter sputtering times were reported for the tablet formulations (≈ < 2.7±0.45 min), indicating uniform aerosolization. Post-nebulization, liposomes size was larger in the nebulizer reservoir in the range of 7.79±0.48 μm–9.73±1.53 μm for both powder and tablet formulations as compared to freshly prepared liposomes (5.38±0.73 μm–5.85±0.86 μm), suggesting liposome aggregation/fusion in the nebulizer’s reservoir. All formulations exhibited more than 80% mass output regardless of formulation type, but greater BDP proportions (circa 50%) were delivered to the Two-stage Impinger when tablet formulations were used. Moreover, the nebulized droplet median size and size distribution were lower for all tablet formulations in comparison to the powder formulations. Proliposome tablet and powdered formulations demonstrated the ability to generate vesicles that sustained the release of BDP. Conclusion Overall, this study showed that proliposome tablets could be disintegrated within a Pari-LC Sprint nebulizer to generate inhalable aerosol, with high drug output and hence can be manufactured on large scale to overcome the storage problems associated with powder formulations.

Synthesis of MXene/Ni Hybrid for EMI Shielding

Muhammad Iftikhar,구종민 한국고분자학회 2023 한국고분자학회 학술대회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.48 No.1