Thermometry for Dirac Fermions in Graphene

Fan-Hung Liu,Chang-Shun Hsu,Shun-Tsung Lo,Chiashain Chuang,Lung-I Huang,Tak-Pong Woo,Chi-Te Liang,Y. Fukuyama,Y. Yang,R. E. Elmquist,Pengjie Wang,Xi Lin 한국물리학회 2015 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.66 No.1

We use both the zero-magnetic-field resistivity and the phase coherence time determined by weaklocalization as independent thermometers for Dirac fermions (DF) in multilayer graphene. In thehigh current (I) region, there exists a simple power law TDF / I0.5, where TDF is the effective Diracfermion temperature for epitaxial graphene on SiC. In contrast, TDF / I1 in exfoliated multilayergraphene. We discuss possible reasons for the different power laws observed in these multilayergraphene systems. Our experimental results on DF-phonon scattering may find applications ingraphene-based nanoelectronics.

알코올 발효사료 급여가 한우의 육성성적 및 혈액의 생리적 변화에 미치는 영향

임광철,김창혁,오상집,성경일,김현숙,김종복,홍병주,신종서 한국동물자원과학회 2001 한국축산학회지 Vol.43 No.6

본 실험은 알코올 발효사료(alcohol 함량; 3.0∼3.2%, lactate 함량; 3.0∼3.5%) 처리가 한우 반추위내 혈액성분 및 비육능력에 미치는 영향을 검토하기 위하여 한우에 비지박 알코올 발효사료(Alcohol-fermented soybean curd dreg : AFS) 및 맥주박 알코올 발효사료(alcohol fermented brewery grain's : AFB)를 급여하여 평균체중이 329㎏인 한우 거세우 13두와 평균체중이 337㎏인 한우 비거세우 20두를 공시하여 증체량, 사료섭취량, 혈액성분, 혈중 알코올 함량을 측정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 거세우에서 비육전기의 일당증체량 및 사료효율은 알코올 발효사료 급여구들이 대조구에 비해 개선되는 경향을 보였으며, 비육후기의 일당증체량은 처리에 따른 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았으며, 비육후기의 사료효율은 알코올 발효사료 급여구가 개선되는 경향을 보였다. 비거세우에서 일당증체량 및 사료효율은 알코올 발효사료 급여로 개선되는 경향을 보였으나 유의성은 나타나지 않았으며, 비육 후기에는 개선효과가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 혈중 알코올 농도는 알코올 발효사료 급여구가 시험사료 급여 2시간 후에 유의적으로 높게 나타났으나(p<0.05), 사료급여 4시간째에는 급여전의 수준으로 낮아졌다. BUN 농도는 거세우가 비거세우에 비해 높았으며(14.3 vs 10.97 ㎎/㎗, p<0.05), 혈중 creatinine 농도는 거세우가 비거세우보다 낮았다(1.39 vs 1.49㎎/㎗, p<0.05). 혈중 cholesterol 농도는 전체적으로 체중이 증가함에 따라 증가하는 것으로 나타났고, 혈중 glucose 농도는 알코올 발효사료 급여로 비거세우에서는 감소하는 경향을 보인 반면 거세우에서는 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 혈중 IP 농도는 알코올 발효사료 급여로 거세우 및 비거세우 모두 증가되었다.(p<0.05). This study was conducted to know the feeding effects of alcohol-fermented feedstuffs (alcohol concentration: 3.0∼3.2 %, lactate: 3.0∼3.5%) on the blood metabolites and fattening ability. Alcohol-fermented soybean curd dreg (AFS) and alcohol fermented brewery grain (AFB) were fed to 13 Korean steers (average body weight, 329㎏) and 20 Korean bulls (average 337㎏ B.W), and body weight gain, feed conversion rate, blood metabolites and blood alcohol concentration were analyzed. The feed conversion rates of steers at both fattening and finishing period were improved by feeding alcohol-fermented feedstuffs. However, improvement of daily body weight gain was observed only at fattening period. In bulls, body weight gains and feed conversion rate were also improved at fattening period (but not at finishing period) by feeding of alcohol-fermented feedstuffs, although a statistical significance was not detected. Blood alcohol concentrations of AFS and AFB group were significantly increased (p<0.05) at 2 hours after feeding, but dropped to the initial level at 4 hours after feeding. Blood urea nitrogen(BUN) concentrations of steers were higher than those of bulls (14.3 vs 10.97 ㎎/㎗), but creatinine was lower in steers than in bulls (1.39 vs 1.49㎎/㎗). Blood cholesterol concentration was generally proportional to the increment of body weight. While the blood glucose content was decreased in bulls by feeding alcohol-feedstuffs, it was increased in steers. Blood inorganic phosphorus(IP) level was increased in both steers and bulls.

THE TAIWAN-AMERICAN OCCULTATION SURVEY PROJECT STELLAR VARIABILITY. I. DETECTION OF LOW-AMPLITUDE δ SCUTI STARS

Kim, D.-W.,Protopapas, P.,Alcock, C.,Byun, Y.-I.,Kyeong, J.,Lee, B.-C.,Wright, N. J.,Axelrod, T.,Bianco, F. B.,Chen, W.-P.,Coehlo, N. K.,Cook, K. H.,Dave, R.,King, S.-K.,Lee, T.,Lehner, M. J.,Lin, H.- American Institute of Physics 2010 The Astronomical journal Vol.139 No.2

<P>We analyzed data accumulated during 2005 and 2006 by the Taiwan-American Occultation Survey (TAOS) in order to detect short-period variable stars (periods of <img entity='lsim' SRC='http://ej.iop.org/icons/Entities/lsim.gif' ALT='lsim' ALIGN='BASELINE' />1 hr) such as δ Scuti. TAOS is designed for the detection of stellar occultation by small-size Kuiper Belt Objects and is operating four 50 cm telescopes at an effective cadence of 5 Hz. The four telescopes simultaneously monitor the same patch of the sky in order to reduce false positives. To detect short-period variables, we used the fast Fourier transform algorithm (FFT) in as much as the data points in TAOS light curves are evenly spaced. Using FFT, we found 41 short-period variables with amplitudes smaller than a few hundredths of a magnitude and periods of about an hour, which suggest that they are low-amplitude δ Scuti stars. The light curves of TAOS δ Scuti stars are accessible online at the Time Series Center Web site (http://timemachine.iic.harvard.edu).</P>

Extrusion 가공처리 계분사료의 첨가수준이 재래산양의 육성능력, 영양소 소화율 및 체조성에 미치는 영향

김창혁,라창식,고병대,박재인,임광철,신종서 한국동물자원과학회 2002 한국축산학회지 Vol.44 No.6

본 시험은 계분의 가축 사료화의 일환으로 계분, 옥수수 및 타피오카를 50:30:20의 비율로 혼합하여 extrusion 가공한 계분사료(EPM)의 급여수준이 반추가축의 증체량, 사료요구율, 영양소 소화율 및 도체성적에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 평균체중이 10㎏ 내외의 한국재래산양 수컷 15두를 이용하여 EPM을 시험사료중에 각각 0, 10, 20, 30 및 40%씩 첨가 급여하여 6주간 사양시험을 실시하였다. Extrusion 가공처리 계분사료의 수분, 조지방 및 조섬유 함량는 extrusion 가공처리 전보다 각각 10.8, 0.2 및 0.5% 감소하였고, NFE는 1.7% 증가하였다. 사료섭취량은 대조구의 596.1g/day에 비해 EPM 20 및 30% 첨가구에서 각각 620.6 및 698.5g/day로 증가하는 경향을 보였으나, 40% 첨가구에서는 590.7g/day로 감소하였다. 일당 증체량은 대조구에서 119.8g으로 EPM 10, 20 및 30% 첨가구의 96.8, 98.3 및 108.2g/day와 거의 유사한 수준을 보였으나 EPM 40% 첨가구에서는 78.3g/day로 대조구에 비해 유의적으로 낮았다(p<0.05). 사료요구율은 대조구(5.01)에 비하여 EPM 첨가수준이 증가할수록 높아지는 경향을 보였으며, 특히 EPM 40% 첨가구에서는 대조구에 비해 현저하게 높았다(p<0.05). 건물 및 조단백질 소화율은 각 처리간에 큰 차이는 인정되지 않았으나, 조섬유 소화율은 대조구의 63.7%에 비해 EPM 10, 20, 30 및 40% 첨가구에서 각각 65.3, 67.5, 70.4 및 71.8%로 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 조지방 소화율은 EPM 40% 첨가구에서 68.5%로 대조구에 비해 유의적으로 낮았고(p<0.05). 다른 EMP 첨가구에서는 거의 유사한 수준을 나타내었다. 도체율은 대조구의 49.7%에 비해 EPM 10, 20, 30 및 40% 첨가구에서 각각 49.7, 48.3, 47.8 및 45.2로 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 산양고기중의 지방 함량은 대조구의 16.3%에 비해 EPM 첨가구 모두에서 유의적으로 감소하였다(p<0.05). This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of supplementary level of extruded poultry manure, corn and tapioca mixture (EPM) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and body composition in korean native goats. Total 15 heads of Korean native goats (10 ㎏ B.W.) were randomly assigned into five treatment groups (EPM 10, 20, 30, 40% and control.) and feeding trial was done for six weeks with ad libitum. Protein level of the extrudate with poultry manure was directly proportional to corn supplements rate. NFE and Ca content in EPM also were functional of the tapioca supplements levels. Daily body weight gain was significantly (p<0.05) reduced in EPM 40% group, but no significant differences were observed in other groups. Concentrate feed intake was high in EPM 10 to 30% groups, compared to the control. Feed conversion ratio also was relatively higher in EPM groups than in the control. As EPM level increased, dry matter digestibility was proportionally decreased, but that of crude protein was enhanced. Dressed carcass percentage was significantly (p<0.05) reduced with the increase of EPM level, showing control 49.7, EPM 10% 49.8, EPM 20% 48.3, EPM 30% 47.9 and EPM 40% 45.2, respectively.

Pathogenic Germline Variants in 10,389 Adult Cancers

Huang, Kuan-lin,Mashl, R. Jay,Wu, Yige,Ritter, Deborah I.,Wang, Jiayin,Oh, Clara,Paczkowska, Marta,Reynolds, Sheila,Wyczalkowski, Matthew A.,Oak, Ninad,Scott, Adam D.,Krassowski, Michal,Cherniack, And Elsevier 2018 Cell Vol.173 No.2

<P><B>Summary</B></P> <P>We conducted the largest investigation of predisposition variants in cancer to date, discovering 853 pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in 8% of 10,389 cases from 33 cancer types. Twenty-one genes showed single or cross-cancer associations, including novel associations of <I>SDHA</I> in melanoma and <I>PALB2</I> in stomach adenocarcinoma. The 659 predisposition variants and 18 additional large deletions in tumor suppressors, including <I>ATM</I>, <I>BRCA1</I>, and <I>NF1</I>, showed low gene expression and frequent (43%) loss of heterozygosity or biallelic two-hit events. We also discovered 33 such variants in oncogenes, including missenses in <I>MET</I>, <I>RET</I>, and <I>PTPN11</I> associated with high gene expression. We nominated 47 additional predisposition variants from prioritized VUSs supported by multiple evidences involving case-control frequency, loss of heterozygosity, expression effect, and co-localization with mutations and modified residues. Our integrative approach links rare predisposition variants to functional consequences, informing future guidelines of variant classification and germline genetic testing in cancer.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> 871 predisposition variants/CNVs discovered in 8% of 10,389 cases of 33 cancers </LI> <LI> Pan-cancer approach identified shared variants and genes across cancers </LI> <LI> 33 variants affecting activating domains of oncogenes showed high expression </LI> <LI> 47 VUSs prioritized using cancer enrichment, LOH, expression and other evidence </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical Abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Determination of the molar mass of argon from high-precision acoustic comparisons

Feng, X J,Zhang, J T,Moldover, M R,Yang, I,Plimmer, M D,Lin, H BUREAU INTERNATIONAL DES POIDS ET MESURES 2017 METROLOGIA -BERLIN- Vol.54 No.3

<P>This article describes the accurate determination of the molar mass <I>M</I> of a sample of argon gas used for the determination of the Boltzmann constant. The method of one of the authors (Moldover <I>et al</I> 1988 <I>J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand</I>. <B>93</B> 85–144) uses the ratio of the square speed of sound in the gas under analysis and in a reference sample of known molar mass. A sample of argon that was isotopically-enriched in <SUP>40</SUP>Ar was used as the reference, whose unreactive impurities had been independently measured. The results for three gas samples are in good agreement with determinations by gravimetric mass spectrometry; (〈<I>M</I> <SUB>acoustic</SUB>/<I>M</I> <SUB>mass-spec</SUB>〉  −  1)  =  (−0.31  ±  0.69)  ×  10<SUP>−6</SUP>, where the indicated uncertainty is one standard deviation that does not account for the uncertainties from the acoustic and mass-spectroscopy references.</P>

Metformin Inhibits Nuclear Receptor TR4–Mediated Hepatic Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase 1 Gene Expression With Altered Insulin Sensitivity

Kim, Eungseok,Liu, Ning-Chun,Yu, I-Chen,Lin, Hung-Yun,Lee, Yi-Fen,Sparks, Janet D.,Chen, Lu-Min,Chang, Chawnshang American Diabetes Association 2011 Diabetes Vol.60 No.5

<P><B>OBJECTIVE</B></P><P>TR4 is a nuclear receptor without clear pathophysiological roles. We investigated the roles of hepatic TR4 in the regulation of lipogenesis and insulin sensitivity in vivo and in vitro.</P><P><B>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS</B></P><P>TR4 activity and phosphorylation assays were carried out using hepatocytes and various TR4 wild-type and mutant constructs. Liver tissues from TR4 knockout, C57BL/6, and <I>db/db</I> mice were examined to investigate TR4 target gene stearoyl-CoA desaturase (<I>SCD</I>) 1 regulation.</P><P><B>RESULTS</B></P><P>TR4 transactivation is inhibited via phosphorylation by metformin-induced AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) at the amino acid serine 351, which results in the suppression of SCD1 gene expression. Additional mechanistic dissection finds TR4-transactivated <I>SCD1</I> promoter activity via direct binding to the TR4-responsive element located at −243 to −255 on the promoter region. The pathophysiological consequences of the metformin→AMPK→TR4→SCD1 pathway are examined via TR4 knockout mice and primary hepatocytes with either knockdown or overexpression of TR4. The results show that the suppression of <I>SCD1</I> via loss of TR4 resulted in reduced fat mass and increased insulin sensitivity with increased β-oxidation and decreased lipogenic gene expression.</P><P><B>CONCLUSIONS</B></P><P>The pathway from metformin→AMPK→TR4→SCD1→insulin sensitivity suggests that TR4 may function as an important modulator to control lipid metabolism, which sheds light on the use of small molecules to modulate TR4 activity as a new alternative approach to battle the metabolic syndrome.</P>

Fabrication and Analysis of Epitaxially Grown Ge<tex> $_{1-x}$</tex>Sn<tex> $_x$</tex> Microdisk Resonator With 20-nm Free-Spectral Range

Seongjae Cho,Chen, R.,Sukmo Koo,Shambat, G.,Lin, H.,Namkyoo Park,Vuckovic, J.,Kamins, T. I.,Byung-Gook Park,Harris, James S. IEEE 2011 IEEE photonics technology letters Vol.23 No.20

<P>In this work, a whispering gallery mode (WGM) microdisk resonator based on Ge<SUB>1-</SUB><I>x</I>Sn<I>x</I> grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) was fabricated and characterized. Various process conditions and different Sn contents (4% and 1%) were explored to confirm the feasibility of Ge<SUB>1-</SUB><I>x</I>Sn<I>x</I> for microcavity device operation. Optical modes with wavelengths in the infrared (IR) range beyond 1550 nm were successfully confined in the devices fabricated with different diameters, and free-spectral ranges (FSRs) near 20 nm were obtained.</P>

Prognostic value of right pulmonary artery distensibility in dogs with pulmonary hypertension

I-Ping Chan,Min-Chieh Weng,Tung Hsueh,Yun-Chang Lin,Shiun-Long Lin 대한수의학회 2019 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.20 No.4

The right pulmonary artery distensibility (RPAD) index has been used in dogs with pulmonary hypertension (PH) caused by heartworm infection, myxomatous mitral valve disease, or patent ductus arteriosus. We hypothesized that this index correlates with the tricuspid regurgitation pressure gradient (TRPG) assessed by echocardiography and could predict survival in dogs with PH secondary to various causes. To assess this hypothesis, the medical records of 200 client-owned dogs at a referral institution were retrospectively reviewed. The RPAD index and the ratios of acceleration time to peak pulmonary artery flow (AT) and to the ejection time of pulmonary artery flow (ET) were recorded for each dog. The owners were contacted for follow-up assessments. The findings indicated that the RPAD index was correlated with the TRPG (R2 = 0. 362, p < 0.001). The survival time was significantly shorter in dogs with an RPAD index ≤ 21% that were followed up for 3 months and in dogs with an RPAD index ≤ 24% that were followed up for 1 year. Thus, the RPAD index was correlated with the TRPG and could predict the clinical outcome in dogs with PH caused by various diseases. This index could be used to evaluate the severity of PH in dogs without tricuspid regurgitation.

Heart Rate Variability and the Efficacy of Biofeedback in Heroin Users with Depressive Symptoms

I-Mei Lin,Jiun-Min Ko,Sheng-Yu Fan,Cheng-Fang Yen 대한정신약물학회 2016 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.14 No.2

Objective: Low heart rate variability (HRV) has been confirmed in heroin users, but the effects of heart-rate-variability–biofeedback in heroin users remain unknown. This study examined (1) correlations between depression and HRV indices; (2) group differences in HRV indices among a heroin-user group, a group with major depressive disorder but no heroin use, and healthy controls; and (3) the effects of heart-rate-variability–biofeedback on depressive symptoms, HRV indices, and respiratory rates within the heroin group. Methods: All participants completed a depression questionnaire and underwent electrocardiogram measurements, and group differences in baseline HRV indices were examined. The heroin group underwent electrocardiogram and respiration rate measurements at baseline, during a depressive condition, and during a happiness condition, before and after which they took part in the heart-rate-variability–biofeedback program. The effects of heart-rate-variability–biofeedback on depressive symptoms, HRV indices, and respiration rates were examined. Results: There was a negative correlation between depression and high frequency of HRV, and a positive correlation between depression and low frequency to high frequency ratio of HRV. The heroin group had a lower overall and high frequency of HRV, and a higher low frequency/high frequency ratio than healthy controls. The heart-rate-variability–biofeedback intervention increased HRV indices and decreased respiratory rates from pre-intervention to post-intervention. Conclusion: Reduced parasympathetic and increased sympathetic activations were found in heroin users. Heart-rate-variability– biofeedback was an effective non-pharmacological intervention to restore autonomic balance.