사무소 건물의 화재하중 분포

김운형 (社團法人)韓國火災·消防學會 1997 한국화재소방학회논문지 Vol.11 No.1

본 연구에서는 국내 10개 설계사무소 건물을 대상으로 화재하중 분석방법과 현재의 화재하중 분포를 제시하였다. 조사범위는 건물 완공 후 거주자가 반입한 이동성 물품(이하 이동하중)으로 제한하였다. 조사결과는 평면배치, 바닥면적, 사용인원 및 가연물의 특성에 따른 이동하중과의 관련성과 함께 미국의 조사 결과와 비교 분석하였다. 현재 국내 사무소 건물의 이동하중은 95% 신뢰도 기준으로 36.13kg/m^2 에서 52.41kg/m^2 사이에 분포하며 평균 화재하중은 44.27kg/m^2 으로 나타났다. 한 민간의 분포는 미국이 평균 66.84kg/m^2로 한국의 44.27kg/m^2 에 비해 상당히 높게 나타났다. 본 연구결과는 향후 건물의 화재위험도 분류 및 화재 실험시 가연물량 기준에 적용되며 내화설계의 기준 결정을 위한 기초 자료로 활용될 것으로 기대된다. The surveying method for determine moveable fuel load estimates is presented. Two types of offices, open plan design and compartmented layout were surveyed and Data are presented for fuel load densities in ten office buildings. Office building fuel load in Korea range from 36 kg/m^2 to 52 kg/m^2 with 95% confidence level and represented mean 44.27 kg/m^2. The results of study presented the impact of the office layout and computer accessary contribution on the fule load. In addition, a comparison of fule load that found at this survey and that found at Fire Protection Dept., University of Maryland, U. S. A was made.

Heterophyes noces 人體 感染 2例 및 慶南 三千浦産 崇魚에 있어서 異形 吸蟲類 被囊幼蟲 感染 狀況

손운목,채종일,이순형 인제대학교 1989 仁濟醫學 Vol.10 No.3

1988年 3月과 12月에 Heterophyes nocens에 의한 人體 感染 2例를 檢出하였으며, 이 吸蟲의 人體 感染源 조사의 일환으로 慶南 三千浦産 崇魚에서 異形 吸蟲類 被囊幼蟲 感染 狀況을 조사하였던 바, 조사한 5마리의 崇魚 모두에서 10∼25個(평균 24個)의 H. nocens 피낭유충과 8∼4,751個(평균 1,545個)의 P. summa 피낭유충이 검출되었다. H. nocens의 피낭유충은 주로 숭어의 筋肉과 頭部에서 검출되었으며, P. summa는 頭部와 內臟에서 검출되었다. Two cases of natural human infection by Heterophyes nocens were identified by collection of adult worms after praziquantel treatment on March and December, 1988. And in order to know the source of infection mullets from Samcheonpo, Kyongnam Province, were examined. The cases were 33 and 52-year old males residing in Seoul. They had the clinical complaints of abdominal pain and precoidial discomfort. Praziquantel in single dose 10-15 mg/kg was given followed by purgation with magnesium salt and 14 and 4 H. nocens were collected from the diarrheal stools. They said to have eaten raw flesh of several kinds of fishes. The results of the observation of worms from patients and experimental animals, and the examination of mullet for metacercarial infections were as follows. 1. Worms from patients were dorsoventrally flattened, 1.32×0.57 mm and 0.99×0.43mm in average size. Ventral suckers well developed with their locations on median line of the body and much larger than oral suckers. The average numbers of rodlets around genital sucker were 54 and 53 in both cases. 2. All mullets examined harboured the metacercariae of H. nocens and P. summa. The average numbers of metacercariae detected were 24 and 1,545 respectively. 3. After the metacercariae were collected and experimentally fed to albino rats and cats, adult worms were recovered from both animals. These worms were identified as H. nocens and P. summa. H. nocens from experimental cat was the average size of 0.88×0.41 mm, and had the average number of 55 rodlets in genital sucker. From the results, 2 human cases of H. nocens infection were added and the mullets from Samcheonpo were proved to be the second intermediate host of H. nocens and P. summa.

Micromonospora sp. SA-246 균주가 생산하는 Isochromanequinone계 항생물질

여운형,윤봉식,황경숙,이정욱,유승헌 한국미생물생명공학회 ( 구 한국산업미생물학회 ) 1996 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.24 No.3

저영양성 미생물을 선택적으로 분리, 배양하여 새로운 생리활성물질을 탐색하던 중 SA-246 균주가 강한 항균활성 및 암세포주에 대한 세포독성을 나타내는 것을 발견하였다. SA-246 균주의 동정을 위하여 배양적, 형태적, 생리적 특성을 ISP 방법에 따라 조사한 결과 Micromonospora 層에 속하는 것으로 동정하였으며 따라서 Micromonospora sp. SA-246으로 명명하였다. 배양액으로부터 용매추출, silica gel column chromatography, preparative TLC, HPLC등에 의하여 활성물질을 분리, 정제하였으며 UV 흡수, mass, NMR spectrum의 분석 결과 본 활성물질을 crisamicin A로 동정하였다. 화합물 SA-246은 그람 양성 세균에 항균활성을, 폐암세포주(A549), 난소암세포주(SK-OV-3), 피부암세포주(SK-MEL-2), 신경암세포주(XF498), 대장암세포주(HCT15)에 세포독성을 나타내었다. In the course of screening for new bioactive compounds from oligotrophs in soil, a microorganism, designated as SA-246 and now identified as Micromonospora sp., has been shown to produce a strong antibacterial compound. The active compound was purified form broth filtrate by ethylacetate extraction, silica gel column chromatography, preparative TLC and HPLC, and was identified as crisamicin A based on mass and NMR spectral data. The compound SA-246 exhibited not only strong antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria but also cytotoicity against cancer cell lines such as A549 (lung), SK-OV-3 (ovarian), SK-MEL-2 (melanoma), XF498 (central nervous system) and HCT15 (colon).

소방공학 전문교육을 위한 교과과정 개발

김운형 社團法人 韓國火災 ·消防學會 1999 한국화재소방학회논문지 Vol.13 No.3

반도체 공장의 제연설계

김운형,Michael J. Ferreira,안병국 한국화재소방학회 2000 한국화재소방학회논문지 Vol.14 No.4

반도체 공장의 제연설계를 위한 성능기준 설계를 분석하였다. 사례분석을 통하여 제연 설계 시스템의 성능평가 기준을 설정하고 최적의 배연 방법을 분석하기 위한 FDS 화재모델링을 수행하였다. 제연 설계 지침이나 관련 법규 또는 표준화된 기준이 부족한 한국과 미국의 현실에서 본 연구의 성능기준 설계 방법은 반도체공장의 제연 설계를 위한 현실적인 적용과 활용이 기대된다. A performance-based design of smoke management systems for semiconductor fabrication 77cilities is described in this paper The example of one such facility is discussed. Performance criteria for smoke control systems were established, effective smoke removal system features were identified, and optimal system exhaust capacity requirements were developed by applying engineering tools including Fire Dynamic Simulator model. Considering the fact that the absence of relevant design guide, codes or consensus standards for semiconductor smoke design in Korea and United States, this performance based approach can and should be applied to other fabrication facilities designs.

복합영화관의 성능기준 피난안전성능 평가

김운형,노삼규 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.23 No.1(계획계)

A performance-based fire safety design process is applied to analyze an evacuation safety performance of multiplex theater. By comparing a egress time performance criteria, ASET(Available Safety Egress Time) with RSET(Required Safety Egress Time) and analyzing a design fire scenario based on fire and egress computer, alternative design plan was suggested for better egress safety in emergency situation. The limitations of egress software including human behaviors and movement characteristics should be considered in this new design approach.

고온 자전 반응 합성법에 의한 질화 알루미늄의 반응기구에 관한 연구

金錫胤,全炯朝 弘益大學校 科學技術硏究所 1996 科學技術硏究論文集 Vol.7 No.1

The aluminum nitride was synthesized by the self-propagating high temperature synthesis(SHS). The synthesis was used Aluminum powder mixed with AIN power as reactant and the control factors affected to synthesis were considered compect density, pressure of reaction gas, AIN diluent content and aluminum powder size. In this study, the formation mechanism of AIN synthesized by SHS was studied on order to obtain uniform AIN powder size and morpholigy. Based on the morphology of AIN synthesized and the calculation of the temperature of Al Powder as a function of AlN layer thickness, the formation mechanism of AlN was proposed.

Backplane Interconnect 테스트를 위한 BIST 회로 설계

이형운,장종권 울산대학교 1999 공학연구논문집 Vol.30 No.1

Backplane은 여러 개의 보드(board), 즉 부시스템(sub-system) 간의 연결을 제공하는 전형적인 방법이다. 각 보드들은 Backplane의 Interconnect를 통하여 서로 신호를 교환한다. Backplane의 고장(fault)은 전체 시스템을 오동작하게 한다. Interconnect의 고장은 보드를 제거하거나, 교체, 또는 추가할 경우에 발생될 수 있다. Backplane Interconnect 테스트는 이러한 고장을 검출하여 시스템의 동작을 검증할 수 있는 중요한 과정이다. 본 연구에서는 BIST(Built-In Self-Test) 기법을 채택하여 테스트 장비의 사용으로 발생될 수 있는 비용을 최소화하였고 Interconnect의 고장을 자동으로 검출할 수 있게 하였다. 고장 검출을 위해 N+1 알고리즘을 하드웨어로 구성하여 다중 고장에 대해 완전한 검출이 이루어질 수 있도록 설계하였다. 그리고 고장 점검 및 진단을 위한 테스트 패턴 주입을 위해 보드 수준의 테스트에 사용되는 IEEE Std 1149.1 Boundary Scan Architecture 기법을 적용하였다. 시스템 수준에서는 시스템의 다양한 사양에 적용이 용이하도록 설계하는 것이 중요하다. 본 논문의 BIST 회로는 카운터 크기의 변경만으로 전체 회로의 수정 없이 적용될 수 있게 하였다. Backplane is a well-known method for inter-board connections. These boards are usually plugged into the backplane of the communication systems and are used to exchange signal with each other via backplane interconnects. Since the backplane is the main communication link, its error free operation is crucial to the system's operability. Generally, faults can be introduced whenever a board is removed or replaced or added. This backplane interconnect testing is a very important process to verify the operation of system. In this paper, the BIST(Byilt-In Self Test)methodology is adopted to minimize the cost of test equipments and to detect faults automatically. This BIST circuit was implemented using the N+1 algorithm to detect multiple faults and the IEEE Std. 1149.1 Boundary Scan Architecture methodology to inject test patterns. At the system level, the BIST circuit must be designed to be easily modified for the potential system configuration. By changing the size of counter only, the proposing BIST circuit can be adapted to many types of system configurations without any modification of entire system.

FeMX(M=Mo,Ta, X=N,C)박막의 연자기특성

崔雲,金亨駿,申東勳 弘益大學校 科學技術硏究所 1995 科學技術硏究論文集 Vol.6 No.-

Magnetic properties of FeMoN, FeMoTaN and FeTaN films deposited by DC magnetron reactive sputter were investigated, and correlated with their microstructure, FeMoN films were not showen the soft magnetic properties, because of generated Fe₂Mo, Fe₃-2N and Fe₄N phases. Ta added films, however, effectivly retarted the α-Fe grain growth and suppressed the generation of Fe nitrides or carbides during heat treatment. The soft magnetic properties of Bs 15 kG, Hc : 0.25 Oe, μ´ : 4000 (at 5MHz). and Bs : 14.5 kG, Hc : 0.25 Oe, μ´ : 2700 (5MHz) were observed in Fe?Ta?N? and Fe?Ta?C? films, respectively.

응급센터에서 기관내 삽관을 시행하지 않은 호흡곤란 환자의 동맥혈 이산화탄소분압과 호기말 이산화탄소분압의 연관성분석

김형국,박승현,오동렬,박규남,이원재,황두영,최승필,이운정,정시경,김세경 大韓應急醫學會 1998 대한응급의학회지 Vol.9 No.4

Background: The end-tidal carbon dioxide tension(ETCO₂) is defined as a partial pressure of carbon dioxide at the end of an exhaled breath. The purpose of this study is to determine the correlation between ETCO₂and arterial carbon dioxide tension(PaO₂) in nonintubated patients with respiratory distress in emergency department(ED). Methods: A prospective non-blind study was performed in ED of our university hospitals. Participants included all nonintubated adult patients with respiratory distress requiring arterial blood gas analysis. ETCO₂was measured with a capnography monitor during tidal volume breathing. ETCO₂were recoreded at the time of arterial blood gas sampling. The correlation between ETCO₂and PaCO₂was analyzed in all patients and in subgroups by simple linear regression. Results: Sixty patients were enrolled. In all patients, ETCO₂was 5.72mmHg lower than PaCO₂and correlated well with PaCO₂(r²=0.716). ETCO₂correlated best with PaCO₂in patients who were either acidotic or non-smoking. Conclusion: ETCO₂correlate well with PaCO₂in nonintubated patients with respiratory distress in ED. ETCO₂may be sufficient to reflect PaCO₂in selected patients and obviate the need for repeat arterial blood gas determination.