Underlying Bases for Reduplicated and Sound Symbolic Words in Korean: The so-called emphatic suffixation revisited

Hyung-Soo Kim 한국언어학회 2006 언어 Vol.31 No.2

Kim, Hyung-Soo. 2006. Underlying Bases for Reduplicated and Sound Symbolic Words in Korean: The so-called emphatic suffixation revisited. Korean Journal of Linguistics, 31-2, 207-231. This paper reanalyzes the so-called emphatic suffixation in Korean, with a focus on the base and suffixal forms used in previous analyses. Jun (1994) analyzes these cases under his rule of Metrical Weight Consistency, but there is no independent evidence for the redundant base-final /l/ in his underlying structure of talkɨlak < *talkɨl-lak "rattling". In this paper, a new morphological analysis is provided by investigating 1) the stem-suffix correlations stipulated by Jun and 2) the patterns of affixation and alternation in ideophones such as talkak, talkɨlak, and talkatak. It is argued that these three near-synonymous ideophones share the same underlying stem *talkɨ- and the surface variants are a combined result of affixation and three independent phonological rules: /ɨ/-truncation (talkak<*talkɨ-ak), /t/-to-/l/ lenition (talkɨlak<*talkɨ-tak) and dissimilation of KCVK# → CVK# (talkatak<*talkak- tak). Some comments on recent Optimality-Theoretic analyses and their weaknesses are made as well as a remark on the ramifications of the analysis. (Jeonju University)

Underlying representations in glide formation in Korean: A reply to Cho (2000)

Hyung-Soo Kim 한국음운론학회 2002 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.8 No.1

Kim, Hyung-Soo. 2002. Underlying representations in glide formation in Korean: A reply to Cho (2000). Studies in Phonetics, Phonology and Morphology 8.1. 65-83. One of the most recalcitrant problems in Korean phonology has been the explanation of the irregular continuative form wa<oa ""come[continuative]""(cf inf. o-ta) where, unlike verbs such as poa, pwa ""see[continuative]""(cf. inf. po-ta), glide formation occurs obligatorily without compensatory lengthening. In Kim (1999) it has been proposed that the exceptional behavior of the verb 0- can be most aptly explained by positing its underlying form as WΛ, whose stem vowel drops before a vowel-initial ending but contracts with the preceding W to become 0 before a consonant-initial suffix. Cho (2000), however, has criticized this analysis as being too opaque, employing a synchronically unmotivated underlying representation. This paper responds to her criticism by reviewing and revaluating all of the underlying representations posited in previous analyses while offering additional arguments for the abstract underlying form WΛ. (Jeonju University)

Consonant gemination and glide strengthening in Lugamda : A theoretical analysis of two universal phonological processes and their interaction

Kim, Hyung Soo 대한언어학회 1993 언어학 Vol.1 No.-

Hyung-Soo Kim(1993), Consonant gemination and glide strengthening In Luganda: A theoretical analysis of two universal phonological processes and their Interaction Linguistics, vol 1. Theoretical Phonology maintains that rules used in description and explanation of language must be universal, belonging to the set of universal phonological processes. This conception of phonological explanation is applied to the analysis of geminate consonants in West Germanic, Italian, and Luganda (Eastern Bantu). Analysis of West Germanic and Italian data illustrates the relative phonological strength on parameters, the Inertial Development Principle, and a universal condition that stipulates preferential application of consonant gemination in sufficiently strong environment. Analysis of Luganda data reveals how the universal processes of consonant gemination and glide strengthening interact to produce previously unexplained consonant-cum-geminate clusters. In addition, it shows that consonant gemination in Luganda occurs essentially under the sanle condition as in West Germanic and Italian, thus refuting the .p!$os claim by Clements (1986) that Luganda gemination occurs as a result of compensatory lengthening of consonant. `ham concluded that Luganda gemination is not an isolated case of oompensatory 'consonant' lengthening but its application is governed by the universal conditions on consonant gemination, occurring, as in West Germanic and Italian consonant gemination, in contiguity with a sufficiently strong resonant consonant.

Comparison of the Crystallization Behavior of Silica Between Mg and Al‑Phosphate Used in Tension Coatings of Grain‑Oriented Electrical Steel

Hyung‑Ki Park,Min‑Soo Han,Chang‑Hwan Chang,Jong‑Tae Park,박창수,Hyung‑Don Joo 대한금속·재료학회 2020 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.26 No.3

The effect of the phosphate component on the thermal stability of tension coatings was investigated with a focus on thecrystallization behavior of amorphous silica in the tension coating. After stress-relief annealing, core loss of samples coatedwith a Mg-phosphate was improved, while that coated with an Al-phosphate was deteriorated. The domain wall spacing ofthe samples coated with Mg- and Al-phosphates was respectively increased and decreased after stress relief annealing. Thismeans that the stress relief annealing did not much diminish the tensile stress for Mg-phosphate coating but much diminishedthe tensile stress for Al-phosphate coating. Based on FTIR and XRD results, we found that the crystallization temperatureof silica with Al-phosphate was lower than that of silica with Mg-phosphate. The crystallization of silica was accompaniedby an abrupt volume change, which formed cracks in the tension coating and deteriorated the tensile stress.

Meinhof's Rule in Bantu Revisited : with special reference to Chibemba

Kim, Hyung Soo 대한언어학회 1999 언어학 Vol.7 No.2

Kim, Hyung-Soo. 1999. Meinhof's Rule in Bantu Revisited. Linguistics 7-2, 183-206. Well known to any Bantu phonologist is Meinhof's Rule, a dissimilation phenomenon observed between two nasal compounds in successive syllables. This paper analyzes application of this rule in Chibemba, a Bantu language spoken in Zambia. Chibemba has been previously classified by Meeussen(1963) and Meinhof(1932) as one of those Bantu languages in which the dissimilation rule occurs under a more limited condition. It is argued that such restriction is unnecessary in light of the data presented by Mann(1977). It is shown that the application of Meinhof's Rule in Chibemba occurs essentially under the same universal condition on dissimilation as in other Bantu languages, for example, Luganda. To place the analysis in proper context, I begin with discussion of Meinhof's Rule as a dissimilation; its interpretation, the mechanism of change, and the rule's condition and reflexes in Bantu languages. (Jeonju University)

Universal Phonological Processes in eastern Bantu : a Theoretical analysis

Kim,Hyung Soo 대한언어학회 1999 언어학 Vol.7 No.1

Kim, Hyung-Soo. 1999. Universal Phonological Processes in eastern Bantu: a theoretical analysis. Linguistics 7-1, 199-225 In this paper the concept of universal phonological process in Foley's Theoretical Phonology is utilized to first introduce five phonological processes that commonly occur in eastern Bantu languages and then explain two important problems in morphophonemic alternation occurring in Luganda first singular present forms and Swahili adjectives. The five processes introduced are glide formation, syncope, glide strengthening, assibilation, and dissimilation. These processes are argued to be universal because 1) they occur not only in many Bantu languages but also in remotely related languages such as Korean and 2) their knowledge is required as a prerequisite to finding a coherent explanation of the two morphophonemic alternations. A brief comment on the ramifications of the analysis for the phonological theory in general is also included, especially the difficulties that a constraint-based approach may face in analyzing phonological probelms of this type. (Jeonju University)

Glide Formation and Compesatory Lengthening in Korean Revisited

Kim Hyung Soo 현대문법학회 1999 현대문법연구 Vol.17 No.-

Kim, Hyung-Soo. 1999. Glide Formation and Compensatory Lengthening in Korean Revisited. Studies in Grammar 17, 15-31. This paper reanalyzes three phonological problems in glide formation and compensatory lengthening in Korean: 1) the obligatory glide formation with no compensatory lengthening in wa˘ <*o-a "come", 2) the lack of glide formation in coa <*coh-a "like, not ψcwa (cf. noa, nwa￣ "put"), and 3) the problematic use of global rules in explaining compensatory lengthening in examples such as na￣myen < *nah-imyen "give birth". These problems have been well known in previous analyses whose attempts to provide reasonable explanations have all failed. In this paper novel solutions to them are offered by making use of etymological reconstruction and preferential conditions on rules and the Principles governing their operation in Theoretical Phonology. In particular, the first problem is solved by reconstructing the underlying form of the verb o- "come" as *wΛ, whose stem vowel elides before vowel initial endings but undergoes contraction with the preceding w to become o: *wΛ-a >wa˘ but *wΛ-ta>ota. For the second and third problems, two new theoretical concepts are introduced to explain the rule ordering paradox and the use of global rules: 1) the principle of rule interruption that partially identical rules are interruptible and 2) the principle of strength conservation that morphological units such as words and syllables maintain a certain inherently constant strength.

Classical Swine Fever (Hog cholera) Virus 약독순화주 (Suri 주)의 gp55 Gene 염기서열 분석

김귀현,장경수,강경임,이병형,박종현,안수환,전무형 충남대학교 생물공학연구소 1999 생물공학연구지 Vol.7 No.-

An attenuated classical swine fever virus (CSFV), Suri strain, is a variant derived from a vaccine virus, LOM strain. This study was performed to elucidate the molecular biologcal properties of CSFV Suri strain, and to obtain the basic data for molecular epidemiological approaches for the disease. The truncated form of gp55 gene without the C-terminal trasmembrane domain, in size of 1,023bp, was amplified by RT-PCR and sequenced by dye terminator cyclic sequencing method, and inserted into BamHI site of pAcGP67B baculovirus vector, establishing a cloned pAcHEG plasmid. By the nucleotide sequences determined, 341 amino acid sequences were predicted. As compard the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of gp55 of Suri with the various CSFV, Suri strain showed the high homology over 99.1% with ALD and LOM strains, but comparably the lower homology with Alfort and Brescia. In comparison of amino acid sequence in variable domain of gp55 protein, the similar tendency of homology was observed. In hydrophobicity analysis, all of four CSFV strains revealed the analogous patterns of hydrophobicity. The numbers and locations of N-glycosylation site and cysteine residuse in gp55 were analyzed, those of Suri strain being coincident with ALD and LOM strains. The results suggest that gp55 in Suri strain has the high similarity to those in ALD and LOM strains in terms of the nucleotide and amino acid sequences and the functional properties of gp55 protein.

치아 우식증의 조기 진단을 위한 QLF-D 개발

박형주,김종수,유승훈,신지선 大韓小兒齒科學會 2011 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.38 No.4

QLF-D system composed with DSLR(digital single-lens reflex) camera, and the images of natural enamel caries and artificial caries was developed from 2 days to 14 days captured by QLF-D system. The correlation between lesion depth of the polarized microscope and luminosity ratio of QLF-D image was analyzed and the results were summarized as follows: 1. The Pearson correlation value between the lesion depth of polarized microscope images and luminosity ratio of QLF-D images was 0.969(p<0.01). 2. From Regression analysis of lesion depth from polarized image by demineralized period, the equation was y = 8.67x - 1.16(p<0.05). 3. From Regression analysis of luminosity ratio from QLF-D image by demineralized period, the equation was y = 3.53x + 6.42(p<0.05). From the results, QLF-D system can detect the enamel caries at the very early stage and can monitor the progression of demineralization and remineralization. For the convenient use of QLF-D system in the laboratory, the image analysing software was needed to analyze of interest site of enamel caries lesion. 저자는 DSLR(digital single-lens reflex) 카메라를 이용한 QLF-D 시스템을 고안하여, 사람의 유구치에 자연 발생된 법 랑질 초기 우식증을 관찰하고, 유구치 법랑질 시편을 대상으로 2일부터 14일까지 인공 탈회시킨 후 탈회 기간에 따른 상관관 계를 편광 현미경 소견과 비교 분석한 결과 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 탈회 기간에 따른 편광 현미경 상의 병소 깊이와 QLF-D 영상의 광밀도 값 비율 간의 피어슨 상관 계수는 0.969였다 (p<0.01). 2. 편광현미경에서 측정된 병소 깊이의 탈회 기간에 대한 회귀분석 결과 y=8.67x-1.16의 회귀 방정식이 산출되었다 (p<0.05). 3. QLF-D 영상에서 측정된 광도값 비율의 탈회 기간에 대한 회귀분석 결과 y=3.53x+6.42의 회귀 방정식이 산출되었다 (p<0.05).

심부 매복 정중 과잉치 수술 시 마취방법 선택

민수영,송제선,이제호,최형준,손흥규,김성오 大韓小兒齒科學會 2012 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.39 No.1

Supernumerary tooth occurs most frequently at premaxilla area. Followed by mandibular premolar area, mandibular fourth molar area, maxillary paramolar area. Mesiodens are mainly impacted in the palatal area and surgical approach is made at palatal side. The time of surgery remains controversial. In case of inverted or horizontal impacted supernumerary tooth, intraosseous tooth movement and vertical growth of premaxilla makes surgical extraction more difficult. And also the more quantity of removed bone is, the higher degree of difficulty is. Inverted mesiodens of these cases were impacted superior to apex level of adjacent permanent incisor. Although CT examination revealed exact location of impacted tooth, surgical procedure including ostectomy may take a long time more than expected. So, before surgical extraction, it’s need to be considered several factors such as necessity of CT taking, degree of difficulty, direction of surgical approach, necessity of general anesthesia etc. 정중 과잉치(mesiodens)는 대개 상악 절치부에서 발견되며, 주로 구개측에 위치하는 경향이 있다. 정중 과잉치의 자연맹 출 가능성이 관찰되면, 주기적으로 검사하여 구강내로 충분히 맹출한 후에 단순발치를 시행한다. 주기적 검사에서 자연맹출 소견이 보이지 않거나, 형태이상 혹은 맹출방향의 이상으로 구강 내로 자연맹출 할 가능성이 없으면, 수술적 제거방법을 고려 해야 할 것이다. 특히, 인접한 중절치나 측절치의 맹출을 방해하고 있는 상황이 관찰된다면, 빠른 시일 내에 과잉치 제거를 위 한 수술적 방법을 시도하는 것이 타당하다. 한편, 외과적 수술의 시기를 늦추는 것을 고려해야 하는 경우도 있다. 정중과잉치가 인접하여 발육중인 정상 치아의 맹출을 방해하지 않는 경우이다. 이때, 삼차원 CT사진을 촬영하여보면, 과잉치 주변으로 영구절치의 치배가 근접하여 성곽처럼 둘러 싸고 있는 것을 볼 수 있다. 미성숙한 치배가 둘러 싸고 있는 상황에서, 무리하게 과잉치를 제거하려고 시도할 경우 인접 치배 를 손상시킬 가능성을 배제하기 어렵다. 이 점을 고려 한다면, 가급적 인접한 치아의 치근이 보다 발육한 후에 수술을 시도하 는 것이 바람직할 것이다. 초등학교 2학년 이상의 어린이들은 외래에서 국소마취하 제거하는 수술방법에 대개 잘 적응하며 고학년이 될수록 보다 수월해진다. 수술시기를 너무 늦추거나, 과잉치가 너무 늦게 발견된 경우 구개측 심부로 깊이 이동한 것을 볼 수 있다. 때로는 과잉치의 위치가 처음부터 심부에 매복되어 있을 수 있다. 이와 같은 경우, 전신마취방법을 생각해 볼 수 있을 것이다. 본 증례는 상악 정중부의 깊은 부위에 역위 매복된 과잉치를 외래에서 국소마취하에 치료를 시도할 때 관찰되는 문제점을 고찰하였고, 전신마취방법을 결정하기 위한 기준을 제시하였다. 심부 매복된 치아의 외과적 발거시 어린이의 행동조절이 가장 큰 문제였으며, 방사선 소견상 과잉치 치관의 위치가 절치의 치근단보다 상방에 위치할 경우 전신마취로 전환 하는 것이 바람직 할 것으로 사료된다.