열파이프의 위크현상에 따른 전열특성

김성원,이진호,강신형 연세대학교 산업기술연구소 1990 논문집 Vol.22 No.2

Experimental investigation is made to study the dependence of performance characteristics of heat pipe on the types of wick shapes. Types of wick shapes adoped are open groove wick, screen wick, closed groove wick and no wick.(thermo-syphone). The dependence of heat pipe performance on the wick shape is turned out to be in the following order ; open groove wick, closed groove wick, screen wick and no wick. This shows that the heat transfer efficiency of heat pipe depends more upon the returning capacity of liquid from condenser to evaporator, implying that the wick which has low capillary pressure but good permeability is better than those which has higher capillary pressure.

肝吸蟲症 治療前後에 있어서 血淸 및 尿의 抗體價變動에 관한 比較硏究

金亨東,嚴基善,林漢鍾 고려대학교 의과대학 1987 고려대 의대 잡지 Vol.24 No.3

The changes of IgG levels of sera and urine were observed with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) at before and after medication in human clonorchiasis. Sera and urine from 68 cases of confirmed clonorchiasis were tested at before and at 9 and 18 month after treatment with Distocide® (praziquantel). Group I (n=22) was cured after first medication and then followed up for 18 months. And Group Ⅲ (n=24) of patients with eggs in their feces after first medication showed egg reduction rate of 90%. Thirteen normal controls were parasite free healthy persons for clonorchiasis in non-endemic area. The antigen used was saline extract of crude Clonorchis sinensis adult worm with the protein concentration of 14.3㎍/㎖ and the results obtained were as follows: 1. When a serum dilution of 1:400 was used, the absorbance values (488 nm) were 1.122, 1.373 and 1.632 in groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ respectively before medication. Antibody level decreased significantly at 9 months after medication showed 0.572, 0.749 and 1.155 in the respective group. Then the levels decreased slightly to 0.464, 0.516 and 1.107 at 18 months after medication. But the control group showed relatively constant absorbance values of 0.291 at before 0.301 and 0.286 respecively at 6 and 18 months. 2. Urine showed absorbance values of 0.484, 0.629 and 0.849 in groups Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ respectively before medication. Then the values decreased about a half level revealed 0.261, 0.226 and 0.467 in the respective group at 18 months after medication. Control group showed relatively constant absorbance values 0.232 at before and 0.252 at 18 months. 3. The diameter of wheal size (mm) by intradermal test did not show substantial changes, i.e. 11.7, 13.3 and 12.7 in groups Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ respectively before medication; 11.7, 12.9, and 11.4 in the respective group at 18 months after medication. 4. The relation of the absorbance values between sera (y) and urine (x) made the regression equation: y=0.707X+0.908, and showed relatively high correlation (r=0.619, n=68, p<0.001) before medication; y=0.760X+0.387 with some correlation (r=0.582, n=68, p<0.001) at 18 months after medication. 5. The relation between the absorbance values of urine and log EPG (eggs per gram of feces)/100 revealed more or less irregular correlations, i.e.r=0.566(p<0.01), 0.661(p<0.001)and 0.384(p<0.10)in groups Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ respectively before medication. 6. The relation between the absorbance values of urine and the wheal size (mm) by intradermal test showed low correlation, i,e, r=0.416(p<0.10), 0.416(p<0.10)and 0.421(p<0.05)in groups Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ respectively before medication.

가토 근세망의 Ca^2+ -ATPase 활성도에 대한 주정 및 pH의 영향

허경,문선미 이화여자대학교 의과대학 1989 梨花醫學誌 Vol.- No.21

The function of sarc oplasmic reticulum(S.R.) which is involved in muscle contration depeds on Ca^2+ -ATP ase activity. SR is affected by its component, lipid and ionic stength, temperature drugs affect the state of lipid ther efore making secondarg effect on the activity of Ca^2+ -ATP ase. In order to make an servation on the effect of pH on the activity of Ca^2+ -ATP ase, the following experiment has been made : S.R. was separated from the fast muscle of rabbit's backleg and by measuring inorganic phosphate quontity with speetrophotometer isolated in the incubation medium known as fisk & subarow's Methol, and by altering the pH and the concention on ethyl alcohol in the incubated medium, at the sametime Ca^2+ -ATP ase activity was estimated. Following results were obtained after having observed the effect of H^+ ion the Ca^2+ -ATP ase activity of S.R. the Ca^2+ -ATP activity was at its peak at pH 7.4 and the effect of Ca^2+ -ATP ase of S.R. on the concentration of ethyl alcohol was such that as the conectration weat lower its aetivity decreased and as the con lentration weat higher, the activity decline degree drapped, So the Ca^2+ -ATP ase activity was increased at a higher concentration.

이온교환막을 통한 전해질 용액의 이동 특성

박형관,한정우,선용호,조영일 연세대학교 산업기술연구소 1989 논문집 Vol.21 No.1

The transport characteristics of electrolyte osmosis through the perfluorinated cation exchange membrane, Nafion NX-430, was inverstigated. The order of electrolyte permeation velocities of single valent ions was:??>??>??>??. At constant concentration ratio the electrolyte fluxes have shown maximum and minimum values with respect to electrolyte concentration, which is called anomalus osmosis. The correlations between potassium ion fluxes and concentration ratios was shown as follows. ?? The effective charge density calclated from membrane potential was 1% of the fixed charge concentration.

2002 월드컵 축구대회에서의 히딩크(Guus Hiddink) 코칭 전략에 관한 스포츠사적 연구 : Rainer Martens의 Successful Coaching 이론을 중심으로

곽형기,현선희 한국체육사학회 2004 체육사학회지 Vol.13 No.-

This thesis compares and analyzes Hiddink's successful coaching strategy with Rainer Marten's 'Successful Coaching' theory in 2002 world cup soccer general meeting. This study sees that Hiddink is one of the representatives of leading the successful korean world cup soccer team. However, the success of the korean world cup soccer team is not only Hddink's efforts but also coaching staffs, athletes, soccer society staffs and korean people who give a soccer team to a great support. The most of 'successful Coaching' theory of Rainer Martens agree with the analyzed result into Hiddink's coaching philosophy, clearly scientific training programs, and a very cautious team system and management. It's the perfect example to various soccer leaders that is the Hiddink's role and philosophy as a leader, the democratic and human attitude toward relating with athletes, coaching staffs and a leader, the selecting athletes in basics of the real ability, the using of the appropriate principles of reinforcenrent(punishment and compensation theory), the testing and training of the basic body strength, and the organization and management of soccer team. The korean soccer team's experiences by Hiddink may be important to being ready for next world cup and training and intensifying athletes.

3차원 CT 영상을 이용한 정상교합자의 안면 연조직 계측 분석

유형석,한수연,백형선,김기덕 대한치과교정학회 발행 2005 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.35 No.6

최근 들어 3차원 전산화 단층 촬영(CT, Computed Tomography) 영상을 이용한 진단기법의 개발을 위한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있으며 여러 분야에서 3차원적인 두개악안면 분석의 필요성이 증대되고 있다. 특히 교정 치료나 악교정 수술 후의 결과에 있어서 안면 연조직의 분석은 필수적이라 할 것이다. 본 연구에서는 정상교합을 가진 성인 남자 12명, 성인 여자 11명의 CT 영상을 촬영하여 개인용 컴퓨터 상에서 V works 4.0 프로그램 (Cybermed Inc., Seoul, Korea)으로 3차원 CT 연조직 영상을 재구성한 후에 soft tissue Nasion을 기준 원점으로 하는 3차원 좌표평면의 좌표계를 설정하여 정중선상의 soft tissue Nasion, Pronasale, Subnasale, Upper lip center, Lower lip center, soft tissue B, soft tissue Pogonion, soft tissue Menton 등 8개의 계측점과 양측성인 Endocanthion, Alare lateralis, Cheilion, soft tissue Gonion, Tragus, Zygomatic point 등 총 20개의 재현 가능한 안면 연조직의 계측점을 지정하였으며 V surgery 프로그램(Cybermed Inc., Seoul, Korea)을 이용하여 이들 계측점의 3차원적인 좌표와 기준 원점으로부터 각 계측점까지의 Net (δ=√ (X^(2)+Y^(2)+z^(2))) 값의 평균과 표준편차를 구하였다. 안면 연조직 분석의 3차원적인 이해를 돕기 위해 주요 계측점 간의 거리 계측을 시행하였고, 그 결과 Na'-Sn과 En(Rt)-En(Lt)를 제외한 대부분의 계측값에서 남녀간의 유의한 차이가 있었으며, 2차원적인 두부 방사선 규격사진이나 안면 사진으로는 정확한 계측이 어려웠던 Na'-Zy, Na'-Ch, Na'-Go' (facial depth) 등의 정상치도 구하였다. 이상의 자료는 부정교합 환자와 악안면 기형 환자의 3차원적인 진단 및 치료 계획에 참고자료로 사용될 수 있을 것이다. Studies for diagnostic analysis using three-dimensional (3D) CT images are recently in progress and needs for 3D craniofacial analysis are increasing in the fields of orthodontlcs. It is especially essential to analyze the facial soft tissue after orthodontic treatment and orthognathic surgery. In this study 3D CT images of adults with normal occlusion were taken to analyze. the facial soft tissue. Norms were obtained from CT images of adults with normal occlusion (12males, 11 females) using a computer program named V works 4.0 program. 3D coordinate planes were established using soft tissue Nasion as the reference point and a total of 20 reproducible landmarks of facial soft tissue were obtained using the multiple reconstructive sectional images (axial, sagittal and coronal images) of the V works 4.0 program: soft tissue Nasion, Pronasale, Subnasale, Upper lip center, Lower lip center, soft tissue B, soft tissue Pogonion, soft tissue Menton, Endocanthion (Rt/Lt), Alare lateralis (Rt/Lt), Cheilion (Rt/Lt), soft tissue Gonion (Rt/Lt), Tragus (Rt/Lt), and Zygomatic point (Rt/Lt). According to the established landmarks and measuring method, the 3D CT images of adults with normal occlusion were measured and the normal positional measurements and their Net (δ=√ (X^(2)+Y^(2)+z^(2))) values were obtained using V surgery program. In the linear measurement between landmarks, there was a significant difference between males and females except Na'-Sn and En(Rt)-En(Lt). The normal ranges of Na'-Zy, Na'-Ch and Na'-Go' (facial depth) were obtained. which was difficult to measure by two-dimensional (2D) cephalometric analysis and facial photographs. These data may be used as references for 3D diagnosis and treatment planning for patients with malocclusion and dentofacial deformity.

제I급 부정교합 환자의 발치와 비발치 교정치료 전,후의 두부방사선 계측학적 비교 연구

유형석,백형선 대한치과교정학회 1997 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.27 No.5

연세대학교 치과대학 부속병원 교정과와 영동 세브란스 병원 치과 교정과에 내원하여 최근에 교정치료가 끝난 제 I급 부정교합 환자중 소구치를 발치하고 치료한 발치군과 비발치로 치료한 비발치 치료군 71명을 선정하고 다시 연령에 따라 청소년기와 성인으로 분류하여 교정치료 전후의 두부방사선 계측분석 사진을 통하여 치아와 연조직의 수평·수직적 변화를 비교분석하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 발치군과 비발치군간의 비교에서는 SN-MP angle, E-line에 대한 산순의 이동, 상악 제1대구치의 수직이동량, 하악 제1대구치의 수평이동량 등의 항목을 제외한 모든 치아계측항목과 연조직 계측항목에서 유의차을 나타내었다. 2. 청소년기의 발치군과 비발치군간의 비교에서는 상하악 전치의 경사도와 수직기준선으로부터의 전치부 수평변화 항목, 상악 제1대구치의 근심이동, E-line에 대한 상,하순의 위치변화에서 유의차를 나타내었다. 3. 성인에서의 발치와 비발치군간의 비교에서는 상하악 전치의 경사도와 수직기준선으로부터의 수평적 위치변화와, 상악 제1대구치의 수직고경 및 하악 제1대구치의 근심이동, E-line과 수직기준선으로부터의 상,하순의 위치 변화에서 유의차를 나타내었다. 4. 청소년기와 성인 모두에서 SN-MP angle의 변화는 발치군과 비발치군간에 유의차가 없었다. 71 Class I malocclusion samples were selected and they were divided into premolar-extraction and non-extraction groups. Vertical and horizontal cephalometric evaluations on dental and soft tissue measurements were done before and after treatment. Also, treatment results in adolescent patients and adult patients were compared. The following conclusions were obtained: 1. In comparison of extraction and non-extraction groups, all the dental and soft tissue measurements, with exception of SN-MP angle, upper lip to E-line, vertical movement of upper first molar, and horizontal movement of lower first molar, showed statistically significant differences. 2. In comparison of extraction and non-extraction groups of adolescent samples, there were statistically significant differences in upper and lower incisor inclinations, horizontal dental movements from vertical reference line, positional changes in upper and lower lips, and mesial movements of upper first molar. 3. In comparison of extraction and non-extraction groups of adult samples, there were statistically significant differences in upper and lower incisor inclinations, horizontal dental movements from vertical reference line, positional changes in upper and lower incisor inclinations, horizontal dental movements from vertical reference line, positional changes in upper and lower incisor inclinations, horizontal dental movements from vertical reference line, positional changes in upper and lower lips, and mesial movement of lower first molar. 4. There was no statistically significant difference in SN-MP angle between extraction and non-extraction groups of both adolescent and adult samples.

광주광역시 치매의 유병률과 위험인자의 도시-농촌 지역 비교

신일선,김재민,윤진상,김석재,양수진,김웅장,이승현,강순아,곽지영,이형영 大韓神經精神醫學會 2002 신경정신의학 Vol.41 No.6

연구목적 : 본 연구의 목적은 광주광역시의 도시 및 농촌 지역에 거주하는 노인에서 치매의 유병률과 위험인자를 조사하고자 하였다. 부가적으로 이 두 지역간에 치매의 유병률과 위험인자를 비교하고자 하였다. 방 법 : 광주광역시의 전형적인 도시와 농촌지역의 65세 이상의 노인(N=1,598)을 대상으로, 2단계의 역학연구를 수행하였다. 1차 선별 단계에서는 38명의 훈련된 연구보조원이 대상노인을 면담하여, 사회인구학적 특징을 조사하고 한국판 간이정신상태검사(Korean version of Mini-Mental State Examination ; MMSE-K)로 평가하였다. 2차 임상 진단 단계에서는 1차 단계에서 MMSE-K 점수가 24점 이하인 노인(N=431)을 대상으로, 전문연구팀의 임상적 평가를 통해 치매를 진단하고 원인질환별로 알쯔하이머병(Alzheimer's disease ; AD), 혈관성 치매(vascular dementia ; VaD) 및 기타 치매로 분류하였다. 대상노인에서 치매의 유병률을 측정한 후, 광주광역시 전체 노인의 연령보정 유병률을 산출하였다. 전체 대상에서 AD의 위험인자를 조사한 후, 도시와 농촌군으로 나누어 분석을 다시 시행하였다. 결 과 : 1차 및 2차 단계의 참가율은 각각 71.0%(N=1,134) 및 83.2%(N=410) 였다. 연구 참여 노인(N=1,134)에서 전체 치매, AD 및 VaD의 유병률은 최소 각각 9.7%, 5.2%, 1.8%였다. 광주광역시 전체 노인의 연령 보정 유병률은 각각 10.7%, 5.7%, 1.9%인 것으로 산출되었다. AD의 독립 위험인자는 고령, 여성, 무학이었다. 도시와 농촌에 따른 유병률의 차이는 파악되지 않았다. 그러나 AD의 위험인자는 지역에 따라 차이가 있었다. 도시 노인에게는 무학만이, 농촌 노인에게는 고령과 여성인 경우가 독립 위험인자였다. 결 론 : 광주광역시 노인에서 치매의 유병률은 높았고, 이는 국내 다른 지역에서 수행된 선행연구 결과와 유사하였다. 알쯔하이머형 치매의 위험인자는 도시와 농촌에 따라 다른 결과를 보였다. 본 연구 결과는 한국에서의 치매의 실태를 반영하며, 치매의 적절한 관리와 예방을 위해서는 지역성 특성이 고려되어야 함을 시사한다. Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence rate and risk factors of dementia in an urban and a rural sample of older persons in the metropolitan Kwangju area, Republic of Korea. In addition, the prevalence rate and risk factors of dementia between the two samples were compared. Methods : A two-phase epidemiological study of residents aged 65 or over(N=1,598) was conducted in a highly developed, urban and a non-contiguous, poorly developed, rural area of metropolitan Kwangju. In the first(screening) phase, 38 trained research assistants collectively peformed in-home interviews for all participants. Detailed sociodemographic characteristics were gathered and the Korean version of Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE-K) was administered. In the second (diagnosing) phase, diagnosis of dementia was established for those scoring 24 or less on the MMSE-K in the screening phase(N=431), and etiological types of dementia were classified to Alzheimer's disease(AD), vascular dementia(VaD) or miscellanous type by two teams of experts. Prevalence rate of dementia was determined in the participants, and age-standardized prevalence rate adjusted by age distribution in metropolitan Kwangju was estimated. For AD, the risk factors were investigated in all participants, and analyses were repeated for the urban and rural samples separately. Results : The participating rates in the first and second phases were 71.0%(N=1,134) and 83.2%(N=410), respectively. In the participants, the prevalence rates of dementia(all types), AD and VaD were 9.7%, 5.2% and 1.8%, respectively. The age-standardized prevalence rates were 10.7%, 5.7% and 1.9%, respectively. Aging, female gender and no education(complete lack of formal education) were identified as independent risk factors for AD. No difference between the urban and rural samples was observed in the prevalence rates of dementia(all types), AD and YaD. However, risk factors for AD differed between these areas. In the urban sample, no education was the only significant factor ; whereas, aging and female gender were identified as risk factors in the rural sample. Conclusion : A high prevalence rate of dementia was observed among old persons in metropolitan Kwangju, consistent with previous studies conducted in other Korean areas. The risk factor profi1es for AD differed between urban and rural settings. The results of this study reflect the current status of dementia in Korea and suggests that appropriate management and prevention strategies for dementia should be tailored toward the geographic settings.

한국인 정상 교합자의 정모 두부 방사선 사진을 이용한 안모비율에 관한 연구

유형석,이기주,백형선 대한치과교정학회 1997 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.27 No.4

두개 악안면 기형환자의 종합적인 치료를 위해서는 입체적인 평가와 진단이 중요하다. 그러나 흔히 전후방적인 골결평가에는 많은 분석방법을 시행하고 있으나, 안모 비대칭과 상 하악골 횡적인 부조화의 진단을 위해 필요한 횡적평가방법은 충분하지 못한 실정이다. 횡적인 부조화의 적절한 진단과 치료는 안정된 기능교합의 형성에 있어서 전후방 또는 수직적인 부조화보다 중요한 역할을 하며, 장기간의 안정성에도 영향을 미친다. 그리고 상하악의 횡적인 부조화에 따른 연조직의 변화가 제한되어 있기 때문에 시진을 통한 임상적 방법으로는 간과되기 쉬우며 더욱이 특정적인 안모소견을 보이는 전후방 또는 수직적인 부조화와 동반된 경우에는 감별되기 어렵다. 그로 인해 정확한 진단과 치료를 위해서는 정상 안모에 관한 정모두부 방사선 계측학적 안모 비율의 평가가 필요하게 되었다. 본 연구는 1996학년도 연세대학교 신입생중에서 협조 가능한 정상 안모와 거의 정상교합을 갖은 남녀 76명을 선정하여 안모 비대칭과 횡적인 부조화가 있는 악안면 기형 환자의 진단과 치료계획에 도움을 주는 자료를 얻고자 정모 두부 방사선 계측사진을 이용하여 수평 및 수직 계측항목과 그 비율을 통계처리하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 정모의 수평 및 수직적인 계측항목과 그 비율의 평균값과 표준편차를 구하였다. 2. 정모의 폭경에 대한 고경의 비율은 0.837(남자:0.836, 여자:841)이었다. 3. 상악골과 하악골간의 폭경비율은 0.747(남자:0.745, 여자:0.752)이며, 높은 연관성을 나타내었다. 4. 두개 안면부 폭경들간에는 서로 연관성이 나타났다.(두개 폭경, 관골전두봉합폭경, 안면폭경, 상악폭경, 하악폭경, 상악과 하악 구치부폭경) 5. 정모의 폭경이 증가할수록 안모고경과 다른 길이 계측치도 연관되어 증가하였지만 각도 계측값(Bjork의 합, 하악평면각)의 감소와, 후전 안면고경 비율증가로 인하여, Brachycephalic facial type의 안모 경향을 보였다. 이상의 결과는 악안면 기형 환자의 교정치료 및 악교정 수술치료의 계획에 기준치로써 사용될 수 있을 것이다. For the total treatment of skeletal malocclusions, 3-dimensional evaluation and diagnosis are essential. Although anteroposterior discrepancies can be evaluated through various methods, the satisfactory methods for evaluations of facial asymmetry and transverse discrepancies are yet to be found. The adequate diagnosis and treatment of transverse discrepancies may be more important in the maintenance of functional occlusion as well as for the stability of results obtained from othognathic surgery than the anteroposterior or vertical discrepancies. Since the soft tissue effects from the transverse discreapnies may not be pronounced, expecially when combined with anteroposterior or vertical discrepancies which have prominent characteristics, the differentiation of their effects may be the posteroanterior cephalometry as a reference for the accurate diagnosis and treatment. The present study evaluates 76 subjects from Yonsei University freshman with normal facial symmetry and occlusion. Posteroanterior cephalograms were taken from the subjects and the normal values and facial proportions are obtained. The results are as follows. 1. The transverse and vertical values from posteroanterior cephalometry and their ratio, with means and standard deviations are calculated. 2. The ratio of vertical values to transverse values i 0.837(male 0.745, female 0.841). 3. The proportion of maxillary and mandibular widths is 0.747(male 0.745, female 0.752), with statistically significant correlation. 4. Various degree of significant correlations are observed in the following craniofacial width;(Cranial width, Bizygomaticofrontal suture width, Facial width, Maxillary width, Upper&Lower Intermolar width, Mandibular width). 5. Although the facial height as well as other line measurements increase as the facial widths increase, angle measurement(Bjork, Sum, Mandibular Plane Angle, Gonial Angle), decreases and posterior to anterior facial height ratio increases, therefore indicating the tendency for a brachycephalic facial type. These results may be used as references for the treatment planning in orthognathic and othodontic treatments for the dentofacial deformity patients.

일방향 섬유강화 플라스틱 복합재의 점도에 미치는 성형인자의 영향

조선형,안종윤,윤성운 韓國工作機械學會 2000 한국생산제조학회지 Vol.9 No.6

The Compression molding process is widely used in the automotive industry to produce parts that are large, thin, light-weight, strong and stiff. Compression molded parts are formed by squeezing a glass fiber reinforced polypropylene sheet, known as glass mat thermoplastic(GMT), between two heated cavity surfaces. In this study, the an isotropic viscosity of the Unidirectional Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Composites is measured using the parallel plastometer and the composites is treated as an incompressible Newtonian fluid. The effects of molding parameter and fiber contents ratio on longitudinal/transverse viscosity are also discussed.