衛生昆蟲에 대한 無公害農藥(昆蟲發育沮害劑)의 殺蟲機作 및 應用技術開發硏究

金正和,李炯來,李仁煥,李容揆,崔鐘錫 충북대학교 농업과학기술연구소 1993 農業科學硏究 Vol.10 No.2

In recently, much pesticides were used for control of agricultural and medical insects. The result of using pesticides were social problem because of environmental pollutions with pesticides in urban and farm village. The environmental pollutions were very serious. This experiment was conducted to eluciated of reduce to environmental pollution bring about using pesticides (organophosphates, carbamates, pyrethroids, and insect growth regulators) for control of medical insects(house fly, Musca domestica L and mosquito, culex pipiens pallens copuillett) and carried out the method of pest control. And the result are summarized as follows. The Kyongbuk house fly strain treated with pyriproxyfen on third instar larvae were very high mortality and low emergence. When use it, at the same time, we can reduce degree of environ-mental pollution and house fly populations. Using of imidan was effective in Seoul and Chungnam house fly strains. In mosquito larvae, the efficacy of icon to chungbuk strain, propoxur to Chungnam and Chungbuk strain, imidan to Kyongbuk strain, fenthion to Chungnam strain were excellent. In result of spraying imidan and icon on adult mosquitoes, the efficacy of icon was excellent than imidan. In esterase electrophoresis, third instar larvae of Chungnam house fly strain fed on artificial diet mixed with pyriproxyfen LC50 were very high activity of -Est-αl in early stage(second day after third instar larvae fed on diet), and the activity of Est-αl was very strong in late stage(se-vents day after third instar larvae fed on diet). In Kyongbuk strain, -Est-αl and Est-αl were detected in early and late stage, and activities of and -Est-αl and Est-αl were detected almost equally in late stage. It was very characteristic in this experiment. Third instar larvae fed on diet mixed with pyriproxyfen LC95 were detected -Est-αl and Est-αl almost equally. It was believed moulting control in insects. In electrophoresis with head, thorax, abdomen of house fly adult, -Est-α2 -Est-αl, Est-αl, Est-α2, Est-α3 were detected in abdomen in susceptible strain and only -Est-αl, was net detected in thorax -Est-αl, was detected in head, thorax and abdomen of Chungbuk strain and -Est-αl was detected in head, -Est-α2 in thorax of same strain. Activities of chitinase in late instar larvae of house flies fed on artificial diet mixed with pyrip-roxyfen LC50 and LC95, in pyriproxyfen LC95, analysised low and high again with the lapse of time in Kyongbuk strain. This was believed that the activity of chitinase was became high just before emergence. The result of filter paper test with mosquitoes were very high index(265) of esterase activity in Chungnam strain among all mosquito strains. In this reason, we can suppose that used pyrip-roxyfen (IGR) in Chungnam area for control pest. In this reason, it was more reasonable made use of pyriproxyfen than other pesticide in Chungnam area.

Celay/In-Ceram, Conventional In-Ceram, Empress 2 전부도재관의 변연적합도에 관한 비교 연구

양재호,여인성,이선형,한중석,이재봉,Yang, Jae-Ho,Yeo, In-Sung,Lee, Sun-Hyung,Han, Jung-Suk,Lee, Jai-Bong 대한치과보철학회 2002 대한치과보철학회지 Vol.40 No.2

There have been many studies about marginal discrepancy of single restorations made by various systems and materials. But many of statistical inferences are not definite because of sample size, measurement number, measuring instruments. etc. The purpose of this study was to compare the marginal adaptations of the anterior single restorations made by different systems and to consider more desirable statistical methods in analysing the marginal fit. The in vitro marginal discrepancies of three different all-ceramic crown systems (Celay In-Ceram. Conventional In-Ceram. IPS Empress 2 layering technique) and one control group (PFM) were evaluated and compared. The crowns were made from one extracted maxillary central incisor prepared with a 1mm shoulder margin and $6^{\circ}$ taper walls by milling machine. 10 crowns per each system were fabricated. Measurements or a crown were recorded at 50 points that were randomly selected for marginal gap evaluation. Non-parametric statistical analysis was performed for the results. Within the limits of this study, the following conclusions were drawn: 1 Mean gap dimensions and standard deviations at the marginal opening for the maxillary incisor crowns were $98.2{\pm}40.6{\mu}m$ for PFM, $83.5{\pm}18.7{\mu}m$ for Celay In-Ceram, $104.9{\pm}44.1{\mu}m$ for conventional In-Ceram, and $45.5{\pm}11.5{\mu}m$ for IPS Empress 2 layering technique. The IPS Empress 2 system showed the smallest marginal gap (P<0.05). The marginal openings of the other three groups were not significantly different (P<0.05). 2 The marginal discrepancies found in this study were all within clinically acceptable standards ($100\sim150{\mu}m$). 3. When the variable is so controlled that the system may be the only one, mean value is interpreted to be the marginal discrepancy of a restoration which is made by each system and standard deviation is to be technique-sensitivity of each one. 4. From the standard deviations. the copy-milling technique (Celay/In-Ceram) was not considered to be technique-sensitive in comparison with other methods. 5. Parametric analysis is more reliable than non-parametric one in interpretation of the mean and standard deviation. The sample size of each group has to be more than 30 to use parametric statistics. The level of clinically acceptable marginal fit has not been established. Further studies are needed.

톡소포자충 감염마우스의 Cytokine 및 Heat shock protein 생산 분석

노형준,최인욱,신대환,이영하 충남대학교 의과대학 의학연구소 2002 충남의대잡지 Vol.29 No.2

T. gondii frequently causes severe congenital defects and life-threatening disease in immunocompromised individuals. Cytokines. nitric oxide (NO) and heat shock proteins (HSP) are important to control the parasite multiplication and host resistance. However. there were only fen reports about HSP70 in toxoplasmosis. Moreover. we do not know the cytokines and HSP70 production in case of NO inhibition. Therefore. this study was performed to analyze the production of NO. HSP70 and cytokines after adminstration of aminoguanidine (AMG. suppressor of NO production) in mice infected with T. gondii. BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice were injected with either 5 brain cysts of Me49 strain of T. gondii or 50㎍ of AMG for 2 weeks every day. and then mice were sacrificed at day 4. 7. 14 and 28. HSP70 production in the brain and spleen of both mice strains mere decreased after treatment with AMG. however Toxoplasma-infected ones were significantly increased. HSP70 production of Infection/AMG-treated group of C57BL/7mice was significantly decreased in comparison to Infection group. Whereas Infection/AMG-treated group of BALB/c mice showed similar HSP70 production compared to Infection group. After T. gondii infection. the IFN-γ and TNF-α mRNA expression in the brain and spleen was significantly increased in BALB/c or C57BL/6 mice. IFN-γ mRNA expression in the brain and spleen of Infection/AMG-treated BALB/c mice were not significant differences compared to those of infected ones. however there were significant differences in the spleen of C57BL/6 mice. TNF-α mRNA expression in the spleen of Infection/AMG-treated BALB/c or C57BL/6 mice were significantly decreased in comparison to those of infected ones. Taken together. HSP70. IFN-γ and TNF-α production were significantly increased in Toxoplasma-infected BALB/c and C57L/6 mice. After treatment with NO inhibitor in infected C57BL/6 mice, the production of HSP70 and IFN-γ were significantly decreased. whereas BALB/c mice were not significant differences of HSP70 and IFN-γ production between Infection and Infection/AMG-treated group.

Selegiline의 혈관이완반응에 대한 Ginkgo biloba Extract의 영향

김인경,안형수 동덕여자대학교 종합약학연구소 2003 동덕약학연구지 Vol.7 No.-

This research is made to identify the effects of Ginkgo biloba Extract on the vasorelaxation of selegiline which is the MAO_B inhibitor and used in the treatment of ischemic dementia. Investigation was made to find out whether Ginkgo biloba Extract in combined use with selegiline can reduce the orthostatic hypotension caused as side-effect when treated with selegiline alone. And it was tried to identify by what mechanism of action such a vasorelaxation of selegiline was taken place. The isolated rat thoracic aorta was constricted with phenylephrine (10^(-7) M) in organ bath. And it caused the vasorelaxation by injecting graded doses of selegiline (10^(-7)~3×10^(-4) M) to it as controls. The vasorelaxation of disrupted endothelial cell (pD2=4.43±0.13) is more decreased than that of intact endothelial cell (pD2=5.14±0.25). So it meant the endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation. In pretreatment with Nw-Nitro-L-Arginine Methylester·HCl (L-NAME) (10^(-5) M), inhibitor of NO production, the vasorelaxation of selegiline was significantly inhibited compared as that with the control (P<0.05). In pretreatment with indomethacin (10^(-5) M), inhibitor of prostacycline production, there were no effects. And the same result was produced in pretreatment with sulpiride (10^(-5) M), dopamine D₂ antagonist. Accordingly, the vasorelaxation is to be takne place by production and release of NO, not by the increase of dopamine. In pretreatment with Ginkgo biloba Extract (l0^(-5) g/mL), vasorelaxation was significantly inhibited in intact endothelial cell (P<0.01), but no significant inhibition in disrupted endothelial cell. As the experiment of measuring the blood pressure and heart rate of anaesthetized rats, in giving selegiline of 1, 3, 10 mg/kg i.v. as controls, there were temporal decrease of lood pressure and increase of heart rate. In pretreatment with sulpiride (10 mg/kg i.v.), there was significant inhibition compared as that with the control (P<0.05). Pretreatment with Ginkgo biloba Extract (10 mg/kg i.v.) had no significant inhibition. Therefore it shows that the selegiline inhibits the decomposition of dopamine in blood by inhibiting MAO_B only in living body and, as a result, by the increasing dopamine, it causes the relaxation of blood vessel, decrease of blood pressure, and increase of heart rate as the resultant compensatory mechanism. Accordingly, Ginkgo biloba Extract in combined use with selegiline reduces orthostatic hypotension, the virulence of selegiline, by inhibiting vasorelaxation and so it is expected to rise as desirable treatment of ischemic dementia.

자란,풍란 및 나도풍란의 기내 종자발아에 관한 연구

김형근,강훈,소인섭 濟州大學校 亞熱帶農業硏究所 1999 亞熱帶農業硏究 Vol.16 No.-

우리나라 자생란인 자란의 기내파종시 적절한 소독방법과 적정배지 및 순화시 생존율을 높이기 위할 목적으로 uniconazole를 처리하고, 풍란과 나도풍란의 기내파종시 발아율을 높이기 위해 천연사과쥬스를 처리한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 자란의 기내파종시 종자를 Wilson 용액으로 소독하여 MS 혹은 Hyponex 3g/L 기본배지에 peptone 4g/L 배지에 파종하였을 때 발아와 생장이 가장 좋았다. 2. 기내 파종후 자란의 생장을 억제하기 위하여 uniconazole을 처리한 결과 활성탄 2g/L와 uniconazole 0.01mg/L를 첨가한 처리에서 초장이 넓은 타원형으로 알맞게 억제되었고, 활성탄이 첨가되면 uniconazole 이 활성탄에 흡수되어 억제효과가 다소 적어 활성탄을 첨가하지 않은 처리는 첨가한 처리보다 심하게 억제되었다. 3. 풍란의 기내파종시 Hyponex 3g/L 배지에서는 발아 후 생장이 전혀 이루어 지지 않았고 MS배지에서는 발아만 하였으나, Hyponex 3g/L에 천연 100% 사과쥬스를 첨가한 처리에서는 pH에 관계없이 전처리에서 발아하여 NAA 1mg/L에 활성탄을 첨가한 처리에서 발아와 생장이 가장 좋았다. 4. 나도풍란의 종자 발아와 생육에 대한 배지의 적용성은 풍란의 경우와 유사한 경향을 보여주었다. pH 5.8에 활성탄을 첨가하지 않고 NAA를 1mg/L 첨가한 처리만 발아 후 생장을 하였다. 발아와 생장이 잘된 배지는 Hyponex 3g/L에 천연 사과 주스 100ml/L를 첨가한 처리였으며 PH와 활성탄 및 NAA의 첨가에 관계없이 발아와 생장이 왕성했다. In order to find proper media, accurate sterilizing method and further growth on in vitro-seeding of Bletilla striata, korean native orchid, the uniconazole were treated. And the Neofinetia falcata and Aerides japonicum were treated with natural apple juice to improve germination ratio in vitro-seeding. The results obtained were as follows : 1. Germination and growth of Bletilla striata were the highest in case of seeding to MS or Hyponex 3g/L + peptone 4g/L media after sterilized them by Wilson's solution. 2. The results to promote growth of Bletilla striata after in vitro-seeding were that leaf shape was properly restrained widely ellipse in treated with 2g/L activated charcoal and 0.01mg/L uniconazole, and the treatment of uniconazole was more restrained than the treatment of activated charcoal. 3. In vitro-seeding of Neofinetia falcata, growth after germination was not affected in Hyponex 3g/L media and a little growth is shown in MS media. But in treatment which apple juice 100 ml/L was treated with Hyponex 3g/L, sprouting is shown in every treatments regardless of pH, and the total growth of seedlings is the best in the treatment of activated charcoal 2g/L and NAA 1mg/L. 4. In case of seeding of Aerides japonicum, germination rate and growth were similar trend to Neofinetia falcata. In every treatments of MS media, germination is a little bit, but further growth after germination was shown in treatment which treated NAA 1mg/L and pH 5.8 without activated charcoal. The best germination and growth media for 2 examined seeds were the treatment which apple juice 100 ml/L was treated with Hyponex 3g/L, but there was no effect on pH level, activated charcoal and NAA.

기술교사의 실천적 지식 형성과정에 관한 연구 - 기술적 문제해결수업에서의 경험을 바탕으로 -

함형인(Hyung-in Ham),김기수(Ki-Soo Kim) 한국기술교육학회 2021 한국기술교육학회지 Vol.21 No.1

이 연구는 기술교사의 실천적 지식이 형성되는 과정에서의 경험과 그 의미를 탐구하고, 이를 설명하는 실체이론을 발견하는 데 목적이 있다. 이러한 목적을 달성하기 위하여 근거이론 방법을 활용하여 질적연구를 실시하였다. 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위하여 연구 참여자의 선정 기준에 의거하여 이론적 표본추출(theoretical sampling)을 수행하였으며, 총 14명의 현직 기술교사를 대상으로 연구가 진행되었다. 기술교사의 실천적 지식 형성과정을 탐구하기 위하여 반구조화된 면담과 수업 관찰, 수업에서 생산된 문서자료를 수집하였으며 수집된 자료는 개방코딩, 축코딩, 선택코딩의 단계를 거쳐 분석하였다. 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 기술적 문제해결수업에서 기술교사의 경험과 관련된 범주는 총 110개의 개념, 39개의 하위범주, 13개의 범주로 도출되었다. 둘째, 기술적 문제해결수업에서 기술교사의 실천적 지식 형성과정의 중심현상을‘기술적 문제해결의 선(先)경험 제공하기’로 상정하고 패러다임 모형을 도출하였다. 셋째, 기술적 문제해결수업에서 기술교사의 실천적 지식 형성과정의 핵심범주를 ‘기술적 교양인을 키우는 기술교사 되기’로 도출하고, 이에 대한 이야기 윤곽을 기술하였다. 이 연구의 결과는 기술적 문제해결수업에서 기술교사가 실천적 지식을 형성하는 과정을 그들의 생생한 목소리로 담아냈기 때문에 기술교사의 경험과 의미를 심층적으로 이해하는 데 도움이 되었다는데 의의가 있다. 또한, 현직 기술교사와 예비 기술교사를 대상으로 기술수업에 대한 이해 및 실천적 지식 형성을 도울 수 있는 기초 자료로 활용될 것으로 기대한다. The purpose of this study is to explore the experience and meaning of the process in which practical knowledge of technology teachers are formed, and to discover the theory of substance that explains it. To accomplish this goal, this study conducted a qualitative research using grounded theory. In order to achieve this objective, this study conducted theoretical sampling based on the selection criteria of research participants, and a total of 14 in-service technology teachers were studied. This study collected semi-structured interview, observation of class work, and document materials produced in class to investigate practical knowledge formation process of technology teachers, and the collected data was analyzed through the steps of open coding, axis coding, and selective coding. experience of technology teachers in technological problem solving instruction were derived into total of 110 concepts, 39 subcategories, and 13 categories. Second, the process in which practical knowledge of technology teachers in technological problem solving instruction is formed was‘to provide prior experience,’ and a paradigm model was derived. Third, this study derived the core category of practical knowledge formation process of technology teachers in technological problem solving instruction as ‘to become a technology teacher who raises technological literate person, and described the outline of this. It is meaningful in that the results of this study helped to understand the experience and meaning of technology teachers in depth because this study has captured the process of technology teachers forming practical knowledge in technological problem solving instruction in their vivid voices, and it is expected to be used as a fundamental data for in-service and pre-service technology teachers to help understand technology instruction and to form practical knowledge.

COVID-19 상황에서 기술교사의 온·오프라인 병행수업 경험에 대한 사례연구

함형인(Hyung-In Ham) 한국기술교육학회 2021 한국기술교육학회지 Vol.21 No.2

이 연구는 COVID-19로 인한 온·오프라인 병행수업에서 기술교사의 수업 적응과정과 그 의미를 탐색하는 데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 현직 기술교사 5명을 대상으로 관찰, 면담, 현지 자료 수집 방법을 이용해 자료를 수집했으며, 모든 자료는 에믹 코딩(emic coding)과 구조 코딩(structural coding)을 통해 자료의 패턴을 파악하고 범주화했다. 연구 결과, 참여자들은 COVID-19로 인한 유례없는 수업 상황에서 ‘도구를 사용하는 기술교과 수업 구현의 어려움’, ‘관계 형성의 어려움’, ‘평가의 어려움’, ‘실재감 구현의 어려움’, ‘예산 확보의 어려움’을 경험하고 있었으며, 이러한 어려움에도 불구하고 ‘혼란: 나도 모르고 애들도 모르고’,‘수용: 시스템이 잡혀있지 않으면 원격수업이 망한다고 보거든요.’, ‘도전: 이 시대에 맞는 실습방식을 우리가 못 찾아본 거란 생각이 들어요.’, ‘도약: 온라인으로 하면 시너지가 있어요.’의 과정으로 적응하고 있었다. 이러한 연구 결과를 바탕으로 기술교사의 온·오프라인 병행수업 적응과정의 의미를 ‘교사와 학생이 함께 성장하는 기술수업 만들기’, ‘실습 과정에서의 성찰을 강조하는 기술수업 만들기’로 주제화했다. 이 연구는 COVID-19라는 세계적인 전염병 확산의 상황에서 좋은 기술교과 수업을 실현하는 기술교사의 노력을 내부의 목소리로 담았다는 데 의의가 있으며, 포스트 코로나 시대 기술교과 수업의 방법과 확장에 기초 자료로 활용할 수 있을 것이다. The purpose of this study is to explore the experience and meaning of the technology teacher s class adaptation process in online and offline blended classes due to COVID-19. To accomplish the research goal, data were collected from 5 in-service technology teachers through interviews, field data collection, and observation. All data patterns were identified and categorized through emic coding and structural coding. As a result of the study, the participants experienced difficulties in realizing the value of technology subjects using tools in an unprecedented class situation due to COVID-19, difficulties in forming relationships, difficulties in evaluation, difficulties in realizing a sense of reality, and difficulties in securing budgets, Despite these difficulties, he was adapting to this situation through a process of confusion, acceptance, challenge, and leap forward. Based on the results of this study, the meaning of the technology teacher s online/offline blended class adaptation process was thematically categorized as creating technology classes in which teachers and students grow together and creating technology classes that emphasize experience in the process rather than results . This study is meaningful in that it contains the efforts of technology teachers to realize the value of technology education in the context of COVID-19 as an internal voice, and it can be used as basic data for the method and expansion of future technology classes in the future.

무용과 스포츠 사회화를 통한 무용인과 운동선수들의 사회성에 관한 연구

김인형,이근모 釜山大學校 附設 體育科學硏究所 1998 體育科學硏究所 論文集 Vol.14 No.-

The purpose of study was systematically investigate a difference of the effects on sociality which was found as participation in dance or sports via comparison of participant and non-participant. Data were collected through a questionnaire designed for this study utilized a SAS package. The sample of this study subjects were drawn into dancers(male = 65, female = 415), athletes(male = 320, female = 209), and non-experienced group(male = 134, female = 322). Statistic employed for data analysis were one-way ANOVA and two-way ANOVA for an average identification. Based on data analysis, the conclusions were as follows; 1. A sociality via dance or sports socialization 1) In a question as 'the experience of dancer or sports can be induce a bright personality', the male was more affirmative non-experienced group than dancers and athletes. The female revealed in the more affirmative athletes than non-experienced group and dancers. 2) In respective of gender a question as dance or sports is a help to figure or a posture of correction; revealed in the more affirmative non-experienced group than dancers and athletes. 3) In respective of gender a question as 'I eagerly participate in all work which is related to dance or sports' revealed in the more affirmative dancers and athletes than non-experienced group. 2. General sociality 1) A question as 'I can endure in spite of a hard task' revealed in the more affirmative the male than the female and athletes than dancers and non-experienced group. 2) A question as 'I positively participate for all task' revealed in the more affirmative the male than the female and athletes than dancers and non-experienced group. 3) In a question as 'I don't mind what people think of me', the male revealed in the more affirmative athletes than non-experienced group and dancers. The female revealed in the more affirmative dancers and athletes than non-experienced group.

중재 시술용 기능성 기관-기관지 팬텀의 유용성

김태형(Tae-Hyung Kim),임청환(Cheong-Hwan Lim),김정구(Jeong-Koo Kim),김명수(Myeong-Soo Kim),최원찬(Won-Chan Choi),임진오(Jin-Oh Lim),이광종(Kwang-Jong Lee),박인애(In-Ae Park),김미옥(Mi-Ok Kim),정은미(Eun-Mi Jung),신령미(Ryung-Mi Shin) 대한방사선과학회(구 대한방사선기술학회) 2003 방사선기술과학 Vol.26 No.4

중재 시술용 기능성 기관-기관지 팬텀을 제작하고, 스텐트 삽입술을 시행하여 그 유용성을 평가하고자 한다. 중재 시술용 기능성 기관-기관지 팬텀은 실리콘으로 제작하였으며, 기관을 통하여 스텐트 삽입술이 가능하도록 삽입구를 제작하였다. 팬텀은 지점토를 이용하여 인체와 동일한 형태로 기관, 기관지 분지부와 양쪽 상부 기관지를 재현하였고, 사각형의 틀에 지점토를 고정시킨 후 액상의 실리콘을 채워 건조시킨 후 지점토를 제거하여 제작하였다. 인체, 동물, 팬텀에서 기관지스텐트 삽입 후 흉부 촬영 필름의 농도와 기관지 분지부의 각도를 측정하여 비교하였다. 기관지스텐트는 세선의 교차가 다른 2가지(X-type, Y-type) 형태를 삽입하였으며, 스텐트 삽입술 후 기관 상부, 기관 분지부, 좌기관지, 우기관지, 스텐트 삽입부의 필름농도를 측정하였다. 필름농도는 기관 상부의 경우, 인체 0.76(±0.011), 동물 0.97(±0.015), 팬텀 0.45(±0.016)이었고, 기관 분지부의 경우는 인체 0.51(±0.006), 동물 0.65(±0.005), 팬텀 0.65(±0.OO8)이었고, 우기관지의 경우는 인체 0.14(±0.OO8), 동물 0.59(±0.014), 팬텀 0.04(±0.007)이었고, 좌기관지의 경우는 인체 0.54(±0.004), 동물 0.54(±O.008)로 팬텀 0.08(±0.OO8)이었고, 스텐트 삽입부의 경우는 인체 0.54(±0.004), 동물 0.59(±0.011), 팬텀 0.04(±0.007)이었다. 기관 분지부가 이루는 각도는 인체의 좌기관지에서 42.6(±2.07)˚, 우기관지에시 32.8(±2.77)˚이었으며, 동물에서 각각 43.4(±2.40)˚, 34.6(±1.94)˚, 팬텀에서 각각 35(±2.00)˚, 50.2(±1.30)˚이었다. 본 연구팀이 제작한 기관-기관지 팬텀은 기관지 스텐트 삽입술의 재현이 가능하여 중재시술의 술기연습용이나 스텐트를 평가하기 위한 체외실험에 사용이 가능할 것으로 사료된다. To evaluate usefulness of a functional tracheobronchial phantom for interventional procedure. The functional phantom was made as a actual size with human normal anatomy used silicone and a paper clay mold. A tracheobronchial-shape clay mold was placed inside a square box and liquid silicone was poured. After the silicone was formed, the clay was removed. We measured film density and tracheobronchial angle at the human, animal and phantom, respectively. The film density of trachea part were O.76(±O.O11) in human, O.97(±O.015) in animal, O.45(±O.O16) in phantom. The tracheobronchial bifurcation part measured O.51(±O.OO6) in human, O.65(±O.OO5) in animal, O.65(±O.008) in phantom. The right bronchus part measured O.14(±0.008) in human, O.59(±0.014) in animal and O.O4(±O.OO7) in phantom. The left bronchus were O.54(±O.004) in human, O.54 (±0.008) in animal and O.08(±0.008) in phantom. At the stent part were O.54(±O.004) in human, O.59(±0.011) in animal and O.04(±0.007) in phantom, respectively. The tracheobronchial angle of the left bronchus site were 42.6(± 2.07)˚ in human, 43.4(±2.4O)˚ in animal and 35(±2.00)˚ in phantom, respectively. The right bronchus site were 32.8(±2.77)˚ in human, 34.6(±1.94)˚ in animal and 50.2(±1.30)˚ in phantom, respectively. The phantom was useful for in-vitro testing of tracheobronchial interventional procedure, since it was easy to reproduce.

Effects of Phenytoin and Diazepam on the Seizure Activity in the Cortical Dysplasia Animal Models

Kim, Si-Hyung,Choi, In-Sun,Cho, Jin-Hwa,Park, Eun-Ju,Jang, Il-Sung,Choi, Byung-Ju,Kim, Hyun-Jung,Kim, Young-Jin,Nam, Soon-Hyeun The Korean Academy of Oral Biology 2006 International Journal of Oral Biology Vol.31 No.2

Dysplasia-associated seizure disorders are markedly resistant to pharmacological intervention. Relatively little research has been conducted studying the effects of antiepileptic drugs(AEDs) on seizure activity in a rat model of dysplasia. We have used rats exposed to methylazoxymethanol acetate(MAM) in utero, an animal model featuring nodular heterotopia, to investigate the effects of AEDs in the dysplastic brain. Pilocarpine was used to induce acute seizure in MAM-exposed and age-matched vehicle-injucted control animals. Field potential recordings were used to monitor amplitude and numbers population spikes, and paired pulse inhibition in response to stimulation of commissural pathway. Two commonly used AEDs were tested: diazepam 5, 2.5mg/kg;phenytoin 40, 60mg/kg. Diazepam(DZP) and phenytoin(PHT) reduced the amplitude of population spike in control and MAM-exposed rats. However, the amplitude of population spike was nearly eliminated in control rats as compared to the MAM-exposed rats. Pharmaco-resistance was tested by measuring seizure latencies in awake rats after pilocarpine administration(320mg/kg, i.p.) with and without pretreatment with AEDs. Pre-treatment with PHT 60 mg prolonged seizure latency in control rats, but not in MAM-exposed animals. The main findings of this study are that acute seizures initiated in MAM-exposed rats are relatively resistant to standard AEDs assessed in vivo. These data suggest that animal model with cortical dysplasia can be used to screen the effects of potential AEDs.