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Hyunkyoung Lee,Chanhee Park,Se-Young Choi,Seog Bae Oh,Kyungpyo Park,Joong-Soo Kim,Sung Joong Lee 대한생리학회-대한약리학회 2004 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.8 No.5
Schwann cells play an important role in peripheral nerve regeneration. Upon neuronal injury, activated Schwann cells clean up the myelin debris by phagocytosis, and promote neuronal survival and axon outgrowth by secreting various neurotrophic factors. However, it is unclear how the nerve injury induces Schwann cell activation. Recently, it was reported that certain cytoplasmic molecules, which are secreted by cells undergoing necrotic cell death, induce immune cell activation via the toll-like receptors (TLRs). This suggests that the TLRs expressed on Schwann cells may recognize nerve damage by binding to the endogenous ligands secreted by the damaged nerve, thereby inducing Schwann cell activation. Accordingly, this study was undertaken to examine the expression and the function of the TLRs on primary Schwann cells and iSC, a rat Schwann cell line. The transcripts of TLR2, 3, 4, and 9 were detected on the primary Schwann cells as well as on iSC. The stimulation of iSC with poly (I:C), a synthetic ligand for the TLR3, induced the expression of TNF-α and RANTES. In addition, poly (I:C) stimulation induced the iNOS expression and nitric oxide secretion in iSC. These results suggest that the TLRs may be involved in the inflammatory activation of Schwann cells, which is observed during Wallerian degeneration after a peripheral nerve injury.
Anti-wrinkle Effect of PLA2-free Bee Venom against UVB-irradiated Human Skin Cells
Hyunkyoung Lee,Seong Kyeong Bae,Min-Jung Pyo,Yunwi Heo,Choul Goo Kim,Changkeun Kang,Euikyung Kim 경상대학교 농업생명과학연구원 2015 농업생명과학연구 Vol.49 No.1
The use of bee venom (Apis mellifera L., BV) occasionally causes side effects such as inflammation and allergic reactions in the recipients. Several case reports also suggested the treatment of BV has some limitations in its clinical uses, due to the occurrence of dermal necrosis and anaphylatic reactions. It is generally understood that bee venom allergy is mainly the result of its allergic component, phospholipase A2 (PLA2). The present study was aimed to generate PLA2-free bee venom (PBV) and evaluate its efficacy as skin care and cosmetic preparation, comparing with original bee venom (BV). Our results showed that both BV and PBV exhibited significant protective effects in UVB-irradiated human keratinocyte (HaCaT) and human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells and they also induced type I collagen synthesis in UVB-irradiated HDF cells except BV at 3 μg/ml. Furthermore, BV and PBV showed the inhibition of UVB-stimulated matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), a major collagen degrading enzyme in skin. However, BV, unlike PBV, exhibited strong cytotoxicities in skin cells (both HaCaT and HDF) at its working concentrations of anti-wrinkle effect. The underlying cell signaling mechanisms of anti-wrinkle effects of BV and PBV were demonstrated by the activation of ERK1/2, and p38. Conclusively, PBV appears to be the bee venom of choice with less cytotoxicity and higher efficacy on UVB-irradiated skin cells in comparison with original bee venom (BV). Therefore, PBV can better be used as a cosmetic ingredient exhibiting excellent anti-wrinkle effect against photoaging than original BV.
( Hyunkyoung Cha ),( Bongchul Kim ) 한국EU학회 2021 Asia-Pacific Journal of EU Studies Vol.19 No.2
The Arctic coastal countries that currently belong to the EU are Denmark, Sweden, and Finland, which share interests with several countries. Among them, Sweden and Finland have similar contexts in terms of cultural homogeneity and quality of life, so it is advantageous to draw a very meaningful conclusion as a comparison group. The EU has shown a movement to seek sustainable aspects of development and peaceful solutions while establishing environmental governance. EU policy has influenced Sweden and Finland, especially in terms of their own monitoring systems and education. In this paper, the meaning of the Arctic region in the EU and its strategies will be reviewed in Sweden and Finland. This paper assumes that Sweden and Finland share the same perception on environmental issues. Based on this, it will be emphasized more about the differences in the policies between the two countries by the intervention of other external variables. After that, this thesis will be concluded by inferring subtle differences in the surveillance system and educational direction among the Arctic policies of Sweden and Finland. Both countries have the same priorities to take the lead in the discussion of environmental issues. In the difference in method between two countries, Sweden tries to negotiate when a dispute over the Arctic arises in the international community by proving this effect through official proposal to try to get a solid position. However, Finland focuses on external relationship with other stakeholders to extend their influence to other nations. So, in the question of which country is more aggressive in the struggle for dominance, it can be seen that Finland is more active.
Improved Therapeutic Profiles of PLA₂-Free Bee Venom Prepared by Ultrafiltration Method
Hyunkyoung Lee,Min-Jung Pyo,Seong Kyeong Bae,Yunwi Heo,Choul Goo Kim,Changkeun Kang,Euikyung Kim 한국독성학회 2015 Toxicological Research Vol.31 No.1
Bee venom (BV) has long been used in traditional Eastern and Western medicine for chronic inflammation, pain and skin therapy. Human exposure to BV, however, often causes unwanted adverse effects and is even fatal in some cases. Phospholipase A₂ (PLA₂) of BV is now suspected to play a key role in these adverse effects. We investigated the potential use of PLA₂-free bee venom (PBV) as a replacement for BV in cosmetic products. PBV prepared by molecular weight cut-off ultrafiltration exhibits a superior profile in comparison with regular BV, by inhibiting elastase activity and suppressing the induction of nitric oxide (NO) and metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), while retaining the effects of cell proliferation and protection against ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced damage in human dermal fibroblast cells. PBV thus appears to be more promising than BV as a cosmetic ingredient with a reduced potential for adverse reactions in the recipient.
A case of canine leishmaniasis in Korea
Hyunkyoung Lee,Kyunghyun Lee,Jae-Won Byun,Soon-Seek Yoon,Jung-Won Park,MyoungHeon Lee,Eun-Jin Choi,ByungJae So,Dae-Young Kim,Matti Kiupel,Ingeborg M. Langohr,You-Chan Bae 한국예방수의학회 2015 예방수의학회지 Vol.39 No.3
A 26-month-old male mixed-breed dog of Korean origin was subjected to necropsy following death after a history of decreased appetite and weight loss. Necropsy revealed generalized lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly. Histopathological examination of samples from the spleen, mandibular lymph nodes, liver, kidney, and large intestine showed granulomas with numerous macrophages containing intracytoplasmic Leishmania amastigotes. Transmission electron microscopy revealed Leishmania amastigotes in the macrophage cytoplasm. All tissues with granulomas were positive for Leishmania spp, which was confirmed to be Leishmania infantum by conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR), real-time PCR, and in situ hybridization. To our knowledge, this is the second case of canine visceral leishmaniasis in Korea.
HyunKyoung Kim,HeeSook Kim,SeogJu Kim 대한신경정신의학회 2017 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.14 No.6
Objective-North Korean women defectors have suffered from anxiety, depression, and somatization after defection. Also they have had many menstrual problems like amenorrhea. This study was done to identify the correlations of anxiety, depression, and somatization to menstrual problems among North Korean woman defectors in South Korea. Methods-The participants in this study were 126 women from 5 government resettlement centers throughout South Korea. Questionnaires which included State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Center for Epidemiological studies-Depression Scale (CED-S), and Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) were used to identify anxiety and somatization. Data were collected between June and September, 2012. Results-The women reported the following problems; amenorrhea (9.5%), hypomenorrhea (13.6%), menorrhagia (19.8%), polymenorrhea (13.5%), oligomenorrhea (4.8%), changes in amount of menstrual discharge (4.0%), and changes in amount of blood clot (9.5%). Anxiety (r=0.20, p=0.002), depression (r=0.25, p=0.005), and Somatization (r=0.35, p<0.001) were correlated with number of menstrual problems. Conclusion-The results of this study indicate that mental health services need to be taken into account in interventions for North Korean woman defectors to improve their reproductive health including addressing menstrual problems.