제주도 지하수 질산염 농도의 시·공간적 변화 특성: 장기(1993-2015) 모니터링 자료의 평가

김호림(Ho-Rim Kim),오준섭(Junseop Oh),도현권(Hyun-Kwon Do),이경진(Kyung-Jin Lee),현익현(Ik-Hyun Hyun),오상실(Sang-Sil Oh),감상규(Sang-Kyu Kam),윤성택(Seong-Taek Yun) 대한자원환경지질학회 2018 자원환경지질 Vol.51 No.1

1993년부터 2015년까지 관측된 제주도 지하수 장기모니터링 관측정(N = 4,835)에서 수집된 지하수 수질자료(N = 21,568)를 기반으로 질산성질소의 시공간적 변동 특성을 평가하였다. 제주도 지하수의 질산성질소 농도의 중앙값은 2.5 mg/L로서 다른 국가나 대륙의 조사 결과에 비해 다소 높거나 유사한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 지하수 용도, 행정구역 및 고도 별로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 특히, 산간 지역에 비해 저지대 해안가에 위치한 농업 및 주거지역에서 농도가 높음을 확인하였다. Mann-Kendall 및 Sen’s slope 분석을 활용한 질산성질소 농도의 추세 분석 결과, 하류 저지 대에 비해 중산간지역에서의 질산성질소 농도 증가 경향이 뚜렷하였다. 제주도 내 토지 피복의 시계열 변화 특성과 결부 지어 보면, 중산간지역의 오염 증가 추세는 농업지역의 확장 등 인위적 활동 증가에 기인한 결과로 판단된다. 반면,기지정된 지하수자원특별관리구역에서는 전반적으로 질산성질소 농도의 감소 경향이 나타났는데, 이는 지하수 관리 측면에서 수질관리를 위한 적극적인 정책이 유효함을 시사한다. 본 연구에서는 제주도 지하수의 질산성질소 오염관리를 위한 적정 방안을 제안한다. The spatio-temporal variations of nitrate concentrations in groundwater of Jeju Island were evaluated by an analysis of time series groundwater quality data (N = 21,568) that were collected from regional groundwater monitoring (number of wells = 4,835) for up to 20 years between 1993 and 2015. The median concentration of NO 3 -N is 2.5 mg/L, which is slightly higher than those reported from regional surveys in other countries. Nitrate concentrations of groundwater in wells tend to significantly vary according to different water usage (of the well), administrative districts, and topographic elevations: nitrate level is higher in low-lying agricultural and residential areas than those in high mountainous areas. The Mann-Kendall trend test and Sen’s slope analysis show that nitrate concentration in mid-mountainous areas tends to increase, possibly due to the expansion of agricultural areas toward highland. On the other hand, nitrate concentrations in the Specially Designated Groundwater Quality Protection Zones show the temporally decreasing trend, which implies the efficiency of groundwater management actions in Jeju. Proper measures for sustainable groundwater quality management are suggested in this study.

결핵성 늑막삼출과 비결핵성 늑막삼출에서의 가용성 Interleukin-2 수용체의 농도

임현옥 ( Hyun Oak Lim ),함종렬 ( Jong Yeol Ham ),심대석 ( Dae Seok Shim ),황영실 ( Young Sil Hwang ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 1994 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.41 No.2

불설아미타경의 텍스트 언어학적 분석

차현실 이화여자대학교 한국문화연구원 1992 韓國文化硏究院 論叢 Vol.61 No.1

The purpose of this research is to analyse the Bulseoul Amitabha Kyung through the textlinguistic method and to get to know its textuality. In order to attain this purpose, this research has organized the grammatical dependencies which constitute the inner coherence and cohesion of the narrative text and upon these bases, has examined the textuality of the Bulseoul Amitahba Kyung. The contents of Bulseoul Amitahba Kyung consists of the prepositional mainline event and background information. The former is the discourse content of Buddha which describes the world of Amitabha, the world flourishing with Buddhist charity and sublimity, which praises the infinite wisdom and life of the Amitahba Buddha and which preachs that in order to go to Nirvana after death, we should by all means repeat the sacred name of Buddha. The latter is about what the secondary speaker, the narrator, states about the background of the utterance situation of Buddha and this consists of deictic elements (time, place, speaker, listener) of the primary speech situation. The prepositional contents stated by Buddha and this utterance reportd by the narrator in direct narration make up the Amitabha style of discourse. The transitory phrase transfers the two dimension make up the Amitabha style of discourse. The transitory phrase transfers the two dimension speech system into a single dimension, thus reinforceing the unity of the text. Buddhas utterance content, which makes up the prepositional mainline event of the Amitabha can largely be divided into two narrative phrases by modality realized by grammational dependancise, and thes can each be analyzed into five phrases by the sequencial lexical continuity method constituting a signifying structure. The first narrative phrase describes the world of Amitahaba and the appearance of the Amitabha Buddha. This narrative phrase is in indicative modality method, expressing the theme and rhyme through expressions such as ~이쇼대…일훔하다니라 and ~나니…이가티 이러 잇나니라. The semantic componrnts of the forst nattative phrasr are the word slsments describing the Amitabha world and Amitabha Buddha. Words such as Seven Treastres, tree, bird, pond, lotus, and many Ahrahhan (person who has becomes awakened) are repeated and words related with super ordinate words and hyponymy are repeated in sequence to constitute a coherence between the infinite life (eternal time_ and the infinite wisdom (infinite space). The second narrative phrase shows the sender of the text, Buddha, encouraging the receivers to go to the Amitabha world and it uses the obligatory narration of -라쌔 …-ㅭ디니라. ~ 라?~ㅭ디니라uses the obligatory suffix to express the natural consequence that because Amitahba Buddhas charity is infinite and unchanging, if one chants Buddhas name, he can not but go after death to Nirvana. The semantic component of this narrative phrase repeats or substitutes the proform of the components of the first narrative to cohere with it. It further inserts the words of praise by the six direction Buddhas through direct report to reinforce the testimonial meaning of the content of Buddhas speech, persuasively increasing Buddhas declaration. The total unity structure and coherence of the Bulseoul Amitahba Kyung is as follows. First, it textifies the deictic element of the primary speech situation in the text into background information. Second, it establishes the narrator and inserts the narrative of the primary speaker, Buddha, in direct quote form to change the speech system and to enhance the coherence. Third, although a narrative form text, it uses the direct quotation dialog form and adopts repititioanl name calling and question-answer form. Fourth, it uses substitutional words, makes the inner text elements into the anaphor or the kataphor to achieve the effect of coherence, and through the exophora method which enlarges the correspondence range to text-external situation, motivates the relations between the text and the producer, the text and the receptor, the producer and the receptor to the effect of broadening the textual world into a surtextual world. As we have seen, the textuality of the Amitabha sutra can be considered excellent by the following conclsion: Though sequencial lexical continuity, the Amitabha sutra coheres the meaning of the Buddhist world vision, Ahnokdala sammak sambohli(Truth), and minimizes the width of time and distance between the producer and the receptor, thus achieving the purpose of religious narration.

국어부정어 '아니'의 화용적 기능에 대하여

차현실 이화여자대학교 한국문화연구원 1995 韓國文化硏究院 論叢 Vol.66 No.1-3

This thesis intends to examine the pragmatic function of the negative qualifier ani, in the viewpoint of discourse linguistics. In conversation, negative sentence is appropriately used in case that speaker and listener seem to already know the contents of the opposite case to it. On the basis of this pragmatic condition of negative sentence, the typical definition sentence X is Z can be extended as followings: (1) X is not Y, but Z. (2) X is not only Y but also Z. (3) X is Y, no(ani), X is Z. Here, it is analyzed that the negative ani has the functions of joining information as followings: Firstly, joining old information with new one, it definitely discriminates the new information. Secondly, information and strengthens the coherence of utterances. Thirdly, effectively using the meaning of the context of utterances, it amplifies and deepens the implicit meaning of utterances. Fourthly, it expresses that speaker is skeptical and uncertain about the contents of utterance. In conclusion, these analyses show that ani known as a negative qualifier, in the extended utterance, has extended functions of joining the contrasting information and expressing the speakers skeptical attitude about the information. This also implies that the linguistic mark dynamically functions according to the unit of language expression.

부산지역 일부 약수터에 대한 ‘맛있고 건강한 물’의 지표 적용

김현실,김익성,박청길,곽명화,윤철종,박승조 동아대학교 환경문제연구소 2001 硏究報告 Vol.24 No.2

This study was performed to investigate the water quality of some natural mineral springs in Busan. Samples for this study were collected at fifty sites during a year. from March 2000 to February 2001. The overall tendency of mineral was Na>Ca>Mg>K, and the seasonal variation of each components were like this - Ca: Win>Spr>Sum>Aut, Mg: Spr>Win>Sum>Aut, Na: Sum>Aut> Spr>Win, K: Aut>Sum>Spr>Win The K and O index suggested by Hashimoto was followed : delicious water(58%) > not belong to any group(34%) > healthy and delicious water(6%) > healthy water(2%).

비행청소년의 취중상태와 범죄행동 양상간의 관계

김현실,김헌수 大韓神經精神醫學會 1999 신경정신의학 Vol.38 No.4

연구목적 : 본 연구의 목적은 비행청소년의 취중상태와 범죄행동 양상간의 관련성을 조사하여 음주청소년의 비행, 범죄행동의 치료 및 예방대책을 수립하기 위한 기초자료를 제시하기 위함이다. 방 법 : 본 연구는 설문지법과 면담을 통한 조사연구로서 전국에 소재하는 11개 소년원과 4개 분류심사원중 6개 소년원과 2개 분류심사원을 무작위 추출한 후, 이곳에 재원중인 비행청소년 971명을 전원 연구대상으로 선정하였다. 수집된 자료의 처리는 불충분한 자료는 제거한 후 SAS프로그램을 이용하여 처리하였고, 통계방법은 백분율과 χ²검정법이었다. 결 과 : 본 연구의 조사결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 질문지에 답변한 877명의 비행청소년중 범행시 취중상태였던 청소년은 230명(26.2%)인 반면, 범행시 비음주청소년은 647명(73.8%)이었다. 2) 범행시 취중상태였던 청소년이 당시 마셨던 주종으로는 소주가 56.7%로 가장 높았으며, 다음이 맥주(23.4%), 위스키(16.4%), 막걸리(2.5%) 및 동동주(1.0%) 등의 순이었다. 3) 취중상태에서의 범행과 비취중상태에서의 범행을 비교한 결과는 다음과 같다. ① 범죄유형면에서 취중상태에서는 강력범이나 폭력범의 빈도가 높은 반면에 비음주상태에서는 재산범이나 특별법범의 빈도가 높았다. ② 범행시간면에서 음주청소년은 주로 주말 및 공휴일의 새벽시간에 비음주청소년은 평일의 낮에 범행하는 경우가 많았다. ③ 범행당일 날씨면에서 볼 때 취중상태에서는 비가 오거나 흐린날에 범행하는 빈도가 높은 반면에 비음주상태에서는 맑은 날에 범행하는 빈도가 높았다. ④ 범행장소면에서, 취중상태에서는 자기 집이나 유흥가에서 범행하는 빈도가 높은 반면에 비음주 상태에서는 다방 등 요식업소에서 범행을 많이 저질렀으며, 또한 비음주 상태에서는 취중상태에서 보다 자기 집에서 멀리 떨어진 지역에서 범행하는 경우가 많았다. ⑤ 범행도구면에서, 취중상태에서는 발길질, 주먹질등 단순폭력과 칼을 사용하는 경우가 많은 반면에, 비음주 상태에서는 마취제나 독극물 같은 약물이나 범행도구 없이 범행을 저질렀다. ⑥ 범행당시 함께 한 동반자 면에서는, 취중상태에서는 주로 동료집단과 함께 범행하는 경우가 많은 반면에, 비음주 상태에서는 단독범행이나 친구 한 두명과 함께 범행을 저지르는 경우가 많았다. ⑦ 범행당시 피해자의 상태는, 취중상태의 청소년들은 술에 취해있거나 언쟁중인 사람을 범행대상으로 하는 경우가 높은 반면, 비음주상태의 청소년들은 수면중이거나 저항력이 없는 피해자를 범행대상으로 삼았다. ⑧ 범행방법면에서, 취중상태에서는 주먹으로 구타하거나 칼등으로 찌르는 방법을 많이 택한 반면에 비음주 상태에서는 사기나 진정제, 기타 약물을 사용한 범죄를 많이 저질렀다. ⑨ 범행에 대한 판단면에서, 취중상태의 청소년들은 자신의 행동이 잘못되었다는 것을 모르는 경우가 많은 반면에 비음주상태의 청소년들은 자신의 행동이 잘못되었다는 것을 알고 있는 경우가 많았다. ⑩ 마지막으로 범행동기면에서, 음주청소년들은 취중상태에서 우발적으로 범행을 저지르는 경우가 많은 반면, 비음주 청소년들은 유흥비 마련이나 호기심과 영웅심리로 범행을 저지르는 경우가 많았다. 결 론 : 상습적 음주가 청소년 비행, 범죄행동을 보다 조장시키며, 특히 취중상태의 범행이 비음주상태의 범행보다 보다 폭력적, 집단적, 치명적이라는데 문제의 심각성이 있다할 수 있다. 따라서 우발적인 취중상태에서의 청소년 범행을 예방, 중재하기 위해서는 음주 청소년의 정신내적 갈등에 대한 탐색과 아울러 음주청소년 대상 교정, 선도 프로그램의 개발이 필요하다고 본다. Objectives : The purpose of this study was to examine the correlation between juvenile alcohol use and their criminal patterns, and to develop basic guideline data and strategies for preventing alcohol-related criminal behavior. Methods : The data was collected through questionnaire surveys. Subjects serving for this study were 971 delinquent adolescents in Korea, sampled from 6 juvenile corrective institutions and 2 classification judging institutions, using a census method. Their age range was between 12 and 21 years. Data were analysed using SAS program. Statistical methods employed were Chi-square test and frequency analysis. Results : In summary, the results of this study were as follows : ① Of 877 respondents, the number of adolescents committed criminal behaviors while intoxicated were 230(26.2%), whereas 647(73.8%) were in a non-intoxicated state. ② The frequently used kinds of alcoholic beverages were soju(56.7%), beer(23.4%), whisky(16.4%), makkori(2.5%) and dongdongju(1.0%), in decreasing order. ③ Juvenile criminal behaviors under intoxication showed a higher rate of aggressive and as sault crimes, whereas non-alcohol related juvenile criminal behavior tended to commit property crimes and violations of criminal special law. ④ Most alcohol-related crimes were committed in the early mornings of weekend, while non-alcohol related crimes were committed in the afternoon(generally MD-6pm). ⑤ Places committing criminal activities were in recreation ground such as disco-theque and at a street corner in alcohol using delinquent adolescents, whereas in victim's house and residential district in non-alcohol using delinquent adolescents. ⑥ Drunken state adolescents during committing criminal behaviors used knifves, stones or fisting-kicking as criminal tools, whereas those without criminal tools or poisonous drugs used such as anesthetics and/or foxins in non-drunken state adolescents. ⑦ Juvenile delinquents in an intoxicated state tended to participate in criminal activity with their peer gang group, whereas most non-related crimes were committed alone. ⑧ Victims assaulted by intoxicated delinquent adolescents were in a quarreling and / or drunken state, whereas non-alcohol related crimes were directed against victims in a sleeping or non-resisting state. ⑨ Delinquent adolescents who committed criminal behaviors in a non-intoxicated state tended to accept that their judgements of criminal acts were wrong and they had guilty and regretful feelings, whereas delinquent adolescents who committed crimes in an intoxicated state tended not to express these feelings. ⑩ Alcohol- related crimes tended to happen incidentally and impulsively without any clear motivation, while non-alcohol crimes tended to be purposeful, directed to make money, motivated by curiosity and a desire to live heroically. Conclusions : The correlation between alcohol use and juvenile criminal behaviors has been examined in this study. Generally, alcohol use was found to be highly correlated with aggressive and assault crimes including robbery, burglary, and rape, etc. Therefore, We recommend that therapeutic and preventive strategies against juvenile criminal behaviors in an intoxicated state should be developed.

대전·충남지역 보건소 간호사의 보건사업 수행에 관한 조사연구

홍춘실,김현리,신창례,한창옥 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1994 충남의대잡지 Vol.21 No.1

This study was purposed to find out the health service performance of public health nurses in Taejon and Chungnam area. The study subjects was public health nurses,119 and data collection was performed from 3.Sep.1990 to 30.Nov. 1990. The research scale was made by Community Health Nursing Academic Affairs and revealed to health service dimension in health center. The result were as follows : 1. General characteristics of subjects. We can notice the most largest distributions in each characteristics: 1) Marrital status : the married(72.3) 2) Religion : the protestant(33.6) 3) The career in hospital : 1-4years group(37.8) 4) The possession of licence and qualification : double licenses or qualification possession. Only 2% of subjects had bachelor degree. The distribution of working part was that : family planning(31.1%),infant and child(29.4%), clinic(15.1%), TB management(9.2%), others(9.2%), immunization (4.2%) injection part(1.7%). 2. Work performance according to the dimension of health project was that : planning(2.771),other official affairs(2.501), infant and child care(2.442), others special project(2.424), prenatal care(2.303), postpartum care (2.296), family planning(2.267), disease control(1.933), delivery care(1.904), TB management(1.827), practice education(1.748), other health projects( 1.677), and there was a high performance score in guide and education items and record and report items relatively. . 3.Work performance according to general characteristics There was a statistically significant differences in work performance score of planning dimension according to age, marrital status, working place and working part, and in work performance score of disease control dimension according to religion, and in work performance score of other dimension according to marrital status,and in work performance score of planning,infant & child care, family planning, practice education, other official affairs and other health projects according to working places. There was a statistically significant differences in work performance score of planning, prenatal care, postpartum care, infant & child care, family planning, disease control and others dimension according to working part.

대전·충남지역 학교보건실태 및 양호교사의 업무자신감에 관한 조사연구

홍춘실,김현리 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1994 충남의대잡지 Vol.21 No.1

The purpose of this study was to find out the status of school health, school health teacher' s performance for school health works and school health teacher's self-confidence to performance for school works for the 147 school health teachers in Taejon city and chungnam province. Data collection was conducted by means of questionairs made by Community Health Nursing Academis Affairs from July 10 1991 to July 25 1991. The results of this study were as follows; 1. In research subject school, The distribution of pupils was that the below 2.000group was above 85%, the distribution of teachers was that the below 60 group was about 75%, the distribution of classes was that the below 60 group was about 95%. the school health budget showed the most highest score in the below three hundreds of thousands won group (48.5%). Only 18.5% all subject schools had organization for school health. Above 70% of health clinics was located in 1st floor and the size of health clinics was less than 33m about 73.9%. The monthly average of clinic visitors was distributed that the 101-200 group was 46 school(31.7%), most high. The average of literal message was 9 times for 1 year. 2. The school health teacher's performance of schoolhealth nursing activities was that ; 1) The dimension of program planning aand evaluation was highly scored in plan ning(.0952). 2) The dimension of management of health clinic was highly scored in clinic management (.973) 3) The dimension of health education was highly scored in content assessing (.898). 4) The dimension of management of school environment was highly scored in management of water supply system(.878). 5) The dimension of operating of school health organization was highly scored in operating of community welfare organization(.286). 6) The dimension of health care services was highly scored in headache (.966), emergency management(.966),and most lowest scored in wound suturing(.012). 3. There was statistically significant difference in the comparison of performance of school health works according to major variables only the performance of environment manage ment(T=5.0366, P-0.263, Table 6). 4. The school health teacher's self-confidence of performance for school health works was that ; 1) The dimension of program planning and evaluation sshowed high scores in plan ning(2.865). 2) The dimension of health clinic management showed high score in clinic management(3.132), and the lowest score in participation of budget planning (2.340). 3) The dimension of health education showed the most highest score in education performance(2.912)). 4) The dimension of management of school environment showed the most highest score in toilet management(2.766), and the most lowest score in sewage management (2.528). 5) The dimension of operating of school health organization showed relatively low level, average 2.141. 6) The dimension of health care services showed the most highest score in immunization (3.000), the most lowest score in wound suturing (2.032). 5. As the school health teacher's self-confidence, there were no statistically significant difference according to number of pupils, school health budget, school health organization. Thus researcher suggested that for development of school health nursing was supported through arrangement of work conditions,the school health teachers must develop the performing ability of school health work for themselves, and also search variables for self-confidence.

장애아 통합보육시설의 놀이실 접근성에 관한 연구

한석실,이현수 한국법과인권교육학회 2010 법과인권교육연구 Vol.3 No.3

본 연구는 장애아통합 보육시설내 실내외 놀이시설에 대한 장애영유아들의 접근성 실태를 파악하고, 이를 통해 장애영유아의 발달을 도모할 수 있는 물리적 환경 조성을 위해 필요한 요인들이 무엇인 지를 확인하기 위한 목적으로 수행되었다. 이 연구를 통해 얻어진 결과를 정리하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 장애영유아를 위한 실내외놀이시설을 갖추고 있는지에 대한 질문에 전체 응답자 중 실외놀이시설은63.2%, 실내놀이시설은 70%가 잘 고려되고 있다는 의견을 보였으나, 유아특수교육기관의 대부분(93.9%)이 자체적인 실내외 놀이시설을 갖추고 있는 것과 비교할 때, 통합보육시설에서도 장애영유아를 위한 실내외 놀이시설이 충분히 갖추어질 수 있도록 제도적, 재정적 지원이 제공되어야 할 것이다. 둘째, 놀이시설에 대한 접근성을 높이고 실내외 활동의 효과적 운영을 위해서 장애통합보육시설에서는 장애아가 마음 놓고 이용할 수 있는 놀이시설 환경이 마련되고, 실내외 놀이시설을 이용한 놀이지도 및 프로그램들이 개발되어 실제적으로 장애영유아들의 발달을 도모할 수 있는 실내외 활동이 전개될 수 있도록 해야 할 것이다.

재가노인의 일상생활동작수행의 의존성과 생활만족에 관한 연구

홍춘실,김현리,이상화 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1997 충남의대잡지 Vol.24 No.1

This study was conducted to analyse the correlation between the ADL dependency and life satisfaction. Data were collected from the 102 home resident eldery who have no dementia by cognition test. The age distribution f subjects were 65 years and over The data were collected from January 16th to February 15th, 1997. The instruments used for this study were a survey of general characteristics(10 items), physical function(15 items), life satisfaction(20 items). The data were analysed by using an SPSS program and included percentage, t-test, ANOVA & Pearson correlation coefficient. The result of the study are summarized as follows: 1. The mean of ADL dependency score was 5..912 in a possible range of 15 to 60 when 15 indicates high dependency and 60 incicates low dependency. 2. The mean of life satisfaction score was 20.363 in a possible range of 0 to 40 when 0 indicates low life satisfaction and 50 indicates high life satisfaction. 3. The relationship between ADL dependency and life satisfaction for old people in home proved to be of statistically highly negative correlation(r=-.2553 P=.01). 5. General characteristics related to life satisfaction was educational status, household status, economic status, personality, perception of health(P<0.05). In conclusion, it was identified that ADL dependency is the important variable influencing the life satisfaction of the elderly. Therefore, more efforts are needed to decreased the ADL dependency of the elderly to enhance life satisfaction of the elderly.