A Conversation Analysis of Korean Sentence-Ending Modal Suffixes -ney, -kwun(a), and -ta: Noticing as a Social Action

Kyu-hyun Kim 한국사회언어학회 2004 사회언어학 Vol.12 No.1

Kim, Kyu-hyun. 2004. A Conversation Analysis of Korean Sentence-Ending Modal Suffixes -ney, -kwun(a), and -ta: Noticing as a Social Action. Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea, 12(1). Drawing upon H. S. Lee's (1993) cognitively-oriented research on the functions of three sentence-ending modal suffixes in Korean that are used to express newly perceived information, -ney, -kwun(a), and -ta, this study analyzes the distinct meanings of these suffixes from a conversation-analytic perspective (Sacks et al. 1974). The suffix -ney is used in the context in which the speaker notices a referent/event and makes an assessment on the spot in such a way that the speaker's stance displayed through the action is formulated as something that is to be immediately oriented to and contingently taken up by the hearer. In contrast, the suffix -kwun(a) is used when the speaker is mainly oriented to displaying a stance congruent with the prior talk. The action it organizes is often limited to acknowledging a point of the prior talk or having the hearer acknowledge the speaker's observation, often with a salient topic-curtailing and sequence-terminating import. The suffix -ta tends to orient the hearer to the next stage of the speaker's action (e.g., suggestion, warning, offer, etc.) to whose directive force the hearer is variably implicated as a beneficiary/facilitator. The interactional account offered in this paper is shown to complement Lee's cognitive account, with emphasis placed on examining the ways in which these suffixes are used as resources for organizing distinct types of social action.

The Sentence-Ending Suffix -Ketun in Spoken Korean Discourse: Sequential Organization of Informing as Account-Giving

Kyu- hyun Kim 한국사회언어학회 2010 사회언어학 Vol.18 No.1

Kim, Kyu-hyun. 2010. The Sentence-Ending Suffix - Ketun in Spoken Korean Discourse: Sequential Organization of Informing as Account-Giving. The Sociolinguistic journal of Korea 18(1). From a conversation-analytic perspective, this paper examines the ways in which the Korean sentence-ending suffix (SES) -ketun is used in naturally occurring spoken Korean discourse. Focusing on the question of how the practice of informing implemented by the ketun-utterance provides a basis for the sequentially implemented action of account-giving (Kim & Suh 2009), it analyzes (i) the nature of the information marked by -ketun in terms of how it is grounded, (ii) the sequential contexts where the informing sequence that -ketun generate i embedded, and (iii) features of the ketun-marked account with reference to the practices of formulating non-negotiable upshot, evoking positionaJly relevant identities, unpackaging information geared to enlightening the addressee. and stance-shifting. These practices are anaJyzed as being constitutive of the action-organizational features of the ketun-marked account, whose upshot is proposed to be that of evoking and managing the information gap or disparity in knowledge asserted by the speaker to exist between the participants.

Effects of Pilger Rolling and Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Corrosion Resistance of Ag-electroplated 304 Stainless Steel Tubes

Hyun Park,Woo‑Jin Lee,Jae‑Han Son,Han‑Kyun Shin,Sung‑Kyu Hong,Hyo‑Jong Lee 대한금속·재료학회 2022 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.28 No.8

We introduce a cost-effective method that combines electroplating with metal cold working processes to manufacture compositetubes with robust corrosion resistance. First, a 3-step electroplating process was developed to form an adhesive anduniform Ag coating on the outer wall of a 304 stainless steel tube. The process consisted of a Ni-strike step for removing thepassivation layer of the initial 304 tube, Cu deposition for smoothing the surface by adding a buffer layer, and Ag deposition. To reinforce the interfacial adhesion between the electroplated layers and the 304 tube and increase the area of the Ag coating,a pilger rolling or pilger rolling + heat-treatment process was performed after the Ag electroplating process. Scanningelectron microscopy of the composite tubes after each process indicated that the as-deposited Ag coating changed fromhaving a rough to smooth surface after only pilger rolling and with additional heat treatment. Electron backscatter diffractionanalysis of the microstructures and textures of the tubes revealed that dynamic recrystallization occurred extensively duringpilger rolling, resulting in the formation of a relatively defect-free grain structure without heat treatment. Furthermore,electrochemical polarization curves determined that the Ag-coated composite tubes are superior to the uncoated 304 tubein terms of corrosion resistance under Cl−atmosphere, owing to the formation of a AgCl passivation layer during testing. Surface analysis of the composite tubes suggests that the properties of the AgCl passivation layer are related to the grainsize of the Ag coating and the density of plastic-deformation-induced defects.

Topic Marker -Nun as an Exploratory Device : Shifting Domains for Stance Management in Pursuit of Intersubjectivity

Kim, Kyu-hyun 한국사회언어학회 2017 사회언어학 Vol.25 No.2

Kim, Kyu-hyun. 2017. “Topic Marker -Nun as an Exploratory Device: Shifting Domains for Stance Management in Pursuit of Intersubjectivity“. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 25(2), 29~72. From the conversation-analytic perspective, this paper investigates the interactional import of - nun used in assessment activities. The analysis of naturally-occurring interactions suggests that the domain-shifting function of - nun is closely attuned to shifting, or even reversing, the valence of the speaker s evaluative stance in a way that invokes a hitherto unmentioned domain as grounds for soliciting the interlocutor s agreement/affiliation, expressing partial agreement, or marking oblique disagreement. Often formulated as an overstatement to be retracted and/or as a move to solicit the interlocutor s collaborative uptake through claiming knowledge (or lack thereof), the nun- utterance furnishes the speaker with a resource for obliquely implementing face-threatening actions, pursuing common ground, or upgrading affect. Embodying the speaker s ‘exploratory’ stance, the use of - nun conveys the sense that the speaker is going beyond the ‘appearance’ of the matter at hand (e.g., a sub-domain from which a new generic feature may be drawn and attributed to the referent). This practice, which is further supported by the nun- marked adverbials formulated as a ‘logical guidepost expression’, provides for the basis on which the speaker organizes assessment activities in an other-attentive way, e.g., through upgrading affiliation and downgrading disaffiliation vis-à-vis the interlocutor s prior action, while sustaining his/her baseline stance and epistemic independency.

Formulation Sequence in Korean TV Talk Shows : Pre-Sequence as Consensual Grounds for Managing Category Work

김규현(Kyu-hyun Kim),서경희(Kyung-Hee Suh) 한국사회언어학회 2018 사회언어학 Vol.26 No.2

Kim, Kyu-hyun & Suh, Kyung-Hee. 2018. “Formulation Sequence in Korean TV Talk Shows: Pre-Sequence as Consensual Grounds for Managing Category Work”. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 26(2). 85~117. From the perspectives of conversation analysis (CA) and membership categorization analysis (MCA), this paper analyzes the formulation sequence in Korean television news interviews and celebrity talk-shows. The analysis shows that the host s formulation is normatively oriented to by the guest as a preliminary action, which projects a range of face-impinging actions, such as challenge, assessment, request, etc. The formulation-confirmation sequence furnishes the host with consensual grounds for embarking on affectively-loaded assessment activities vis-à-vis the guest in his/her own terms. The guest, as the formulation-recipient, may block the host s projected action by using disconfirmation, which points to the contingent nature of the power that the host exercises as the agent of morality. The analysis of the formulation sequence is brought to bear upon the examination of the compositional features of the formulation turn (e.g., sentence-ending suffixes, discourse particle, etc.) and their interactional imports.

Effects of epigallocatechin gallate on CoCl_(2)-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells

Yang, Kyu-Ho,Mo, Hyun-Chul,Choi, Nam-Ki,Kim, Seon-Mi,Kim,Won-Jae 大韓小兒齒科學會 2006 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.33 No.1

Neuronal apoptotic events, consequently resulting in neuronal cell death, are occurred in hypoxic/ischemic condition. This cell death has been shown to be accompanied with the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can attack cellular components such as nucleic acids, proteins and phospholipid. However, the underlying mechanisms of apoptosis induced in hypoxic/ischemic condition and its treatment methods are unsettled. Cobalt chloride (CoCl_(2)) has been known to mimic hypoxic condition including the production of ROS. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). a green tea polyphenol, has diverse pharmacologial activities in cell growth and death. This study was aimed to investigate the apoptotic mechanism by CoCl_(2) and effects of EGCG on CoCl_(2)-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells. Administration of CoCl_(2) decreased cell survival in dose- and time-dependent manners and induced genomic DNA fragmentation. Treatment with 100 µM EGCG for 30 min before PC12 cells were exposed to 150 µM CoCl_(2), being resulted in the cell viability and DNA fragmentation being rescued. CoCl_(2) caused morphologic changes such as cell swelling and condensed nuclei, whereas EGCG attenuated morphologic changes by CoCl_(2). EGCG suppressed the apoptotic peak and a loss of Δψ_(m) induced by CoCl_(2). CoCl_(2) decreased Bcl-2 expression but Bax expression was not changed in CoCl_(2)-treated cells. EGCG attenuated the Bcl-2 underexpression by CoCl_(2). CoCl_(2) augumented the cytochrome c release from mitochondria into cytoplasm and increased caspase-8, -9 and caspase-3 activity, a marker of the apoptotic executing stage. EGCG ameliorated the incruement in caspase-8, -9 and -3 activity, and cytochrome c release by CoCl_(2). NAC (N-acetyl-cysteine), a scavenger of ROS, attenuated CoCl_(2)-induced apoptosis in consistent with those of EGCG. These results suggest, that CoCl_(2) induces apoptotic cell death through both mitochondria- and death receptor-dependent pathway and EGCG has neuroprotective effects against CoCl_(2)-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells. 신경세포자멸사는 저산소 및 허혈환경에서 일어나며 이러한 세포죽은 reactive oxidant species (ROS) 생성을 동반함이 알려져있다. 그러나, 저산소 및 허혈환경에서 일어나는 세포자멸사의 기전 및 그 치료방법은 아직 정립되어 있지 않다. CoCl_(2)는 ROS를 생성하는 등 저산소환경과 유사한 조건을 초래하는 것으로 알려져 있다. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG)는 녹차의 polyphenol 성분으로서 세포성장과 죽음에 다양한 약리학적 효과를 나타냄이 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 PC12 세포에서 CoCl_(2)에 의한 세포자멸사기전을 밝히고 이에 미치는 EGCG의 효과를 조사하는데 목적이 있다. Cell viability는 MTT 측정으로 조사되었고, DNA fragmentation은 DNA laddering으로 조사되었다. Bcl-2와 Bax발현 정도는 RT-PCR로, caspase-3와 -9의 활성은 spectrophotometer, caspase-8의 활성은 flow cytometry에 의해 측정되었다. 미토콘드리아에서 세포질로 분비된 cytochrome c는 western blot으로, 분해된 DNA 양과 미토콘드리아 세포막전위 (Δψ_(m))는 FACScan으로 조사되었다. CoCl_(2)투여로 PC12 세포수는 용량 및 시간 의존형태로 감소하였고, genomic DNA fragmentation이 발생하였다. CoCl_(2)투여로 야기된 cell viability의 감소와 DNA fragmentation은 EGCG 전처치에 의해 억제되었다. CoCl_(2)은 세포용적팽창과 condensed nuclei 같은 형태적 변화를 일으켰으며, apoptotic peak, Δψ_(m)감소 및 cytochrome c 유리를 야기하였다. EGCG는 CoCl_(2)에 의한 세포형태변화, apoptotic peak, Δψ_(m)소실 및 cytochrome c 유리를 억제시켰다. CoCl_(2)는 Bcl-2 발현을 감소시켰지만, Bax 발현에는 영향을 미치지 않았다. EGCG는 CoCl_(2)에 의해 야기된 Bcl-2 발현 감소를 억제시켰다. CoCl_(2)는 caspase-3, -8, 그리고 -9의 활성을 증가시켰으며, EGCG는 CoCl_(2)에 의한 세포자멸사를 억제시켰다. 본 실험결과는 PC12 세포에서 CoCl_(2)가 미토콘드리아 의존 및 death receptor의존 기전으로 세포자멸사를 일으키며, EGCG는 세포자멸사기전을 억세지킴으로 신경보호기능을 가짐을 시사하였다.

갑상선기능저하증에 기인한 내인성 급사 1예 보고

이정규,전지현,김민정,이규재,김한겸,조현득,채양석 大韓法醫學會 1999 대한법의학회지 Vol.23 No.2

Although it is known that hypothyroidism can cause cardiac dysfunction, it is very hard to find a case report on sudden death due to hypothyroidism. There are only two reported cases on mediline; one is about a 15-year-old girl who died suddenly of Hashimoto's thyroiditis and the other is about a 31-year-old man who also died suddenly of hypothyroidism associated with chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis. Recently we found a young woman who unexpectedly died while she was sleeping. She was diagnosed as hypothyroidism when she went to hospital about a month before she died. At autopsy there were roughly four abnormal findings; Hashimoto's thyroiditis, mild chronic active hepatitis, diverticulosis and accessory spleen. Trace of chlorpheniramine was detected in gastric remains and blood alcohol level was 0.37 percent. To our knowledge, this is the first case reporting sudden and unexpected natural death associated with hypothyroidism in Korea.

거리의 도상성원리와 영어여격교체현상

김광현,황규홍 새한영어영문학회 2001 새한영어영문학 Vol.43 No.2

An Iconicity-theoretic Approach to the English Dative Alternation Construction Kim, Kwang-Hyun · Hwang, Kyu-Hong This paper aims to examine the semantic and structural differences between the double-object construction and its prepositional counterpart based on Haiman's (1980, 1983, 1985) iconicity theory. The alternation phenomena have attracted a great deal of attention, and a range of proposals have been put forward to account for them. In particular, an attempt has been made among the majority of scholars to differentiate the double-object construction and its corresponding dative construction by resorting to the differences in verb meaning and those in relation between arguments. To achieve the above goal, in this paper, we attempt to identify the subtle meaning differences between the two constructions by way of the distance principle of the iconicity theory: "the linguistic distance between expressions corresponds to the conceptual distance between them." Namely, we argue that the double-object construction is used when the agent and the recipient are conceptually close, while the dative counterpart is used when the conceptual distance between the two is remote. This line of approach seems to be appealing in that it can explain the differences between the constructions more explicitly and systematically and in that it can also account for other alternation phenomena such as locative and conative constructions in a similar context.

위발성 위장관 악성림프종 환자에서 항암치료의 효과

김찬규,신영록,김현정,배상병,이남수,이규택,박성규,원종호,홍대식,박희숙 순천향대학교 2006 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.12 No.1

Purpose: The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is the most common site of extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), which is increasing in incidence, but there is no established optimal treatment modality. Thus, this study was investigated the clinicohistologic feature, the therapeutic modalities, and the prognosis for GI-NHL, as well as the factors affecting it. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 45 patients who had been diagnosed as having GI-NHL and had been followed up from July 1994 to February 2005 at Soonchunhyang University Hospital. The patients were divided into groups according to the site of origin and to various other features, and the survivals of the various groups were compared. The modified Ann Arbor system and WHO classification were adopted for staging and histopathologic classification, respectively. Results: GI-NHL of the stomach, small bowel, ileocecal region, and colon occurred in 28 patients (62.2%), 5 patients (11.1%), 3 patients (6.7%), and 8 patients (17.8%), respectively, In one patient, the entire gastrointestinal tract was diffusely involved. The median age of patients was b5 years (25~78 years), and male-to-female ratio was 1:1.1. Fourteen patients were in stage Ⅰ, 24 in stage Ⅱ, 4 in stage Ⅲ, and 3 in stage Ⅳ. Surgical resection was performed in 19 patients, and combination chemotherapy was performed in 43 patients. Surgical resection only was performed in 4 patients, Chemotherapy only was performed in 26 patients. The expected overall 5 year survival of 45 patients was 39.6%, and there was a significant survival difference between the stages, but between sites of origin (p=0.842). The most important factors influencing the survival was the stage and other factors were not significant. Conclusion: The stomach was the most common site of GI-NHL. Most GI-NHL were localized Stage was the most important prognostic factor. However, Prospective randomized studies are needed to approve the therapeutic modality.

성인에서의 척수내 상의세포종의 수술 성적 및 예후와 관련된 인자의 분석

장웅규,김현집,정천기,조병규,왕규창 대한신경외과학회 1998 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.27 No.6